Physics Commons^™

Limits Of Detection Of Mycotoxins By Laminar Flow Strips: A Review, Xinyi Zhao, Hugh Byrne, Christine M. O’Connor, James Curtin, Furong Tian

Articles

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolic products of fungi. They are poisonous, carcinogenic, and mutagenic in nature and pose a serious health threat to both humans and animals, causing severe illnesses and even death. Rapid, simple and low-cost methods of detection of mycotoxins are of immense importance and in great demand in the food and beverage industry, as well as in agriculture and environmental monitoring, and, for this purpose, lateral flow immunochromatographic strips (ICSTs) have been widely used in food safety and environmental monitoring. The literature to date describing the development of ICSTs for the detection of different types of mycotoxins using …

Nanoscale Hybrid Electrolytes With Viscosity Controlled Using Ionic Stimulus For Electrochemical Energy Conversion And Storage, Sara T. Hamilton, Tony G. Feric, Sahana Bhattacharyya, Nelly M. Cantillo, Steven G. Greenbaum, Thomas A. Zawodzinski, Ah-Hyung Alissa Park

Publications and Research

As renewable energy is rapidly integrated into the grid, the challenge has become storing intermittent renewable electricity. Technologies including flow batteries and CO 2 conversion to dense energy carriers are promising storage options for renewable electricity. To achieve this technological advancement, the development of next generation electrolyte materials that can increase the energy density of flow batteries and combine CO 2 capture and conversion is desired. Liquid-like nanoparticle organic hybrid materials (NOHMs) composed of an inorganic core with a tethered polymeric canopy (e.g., polyetheramine (HPE)) have a capability to bind chemical species of interest including CO 2 and redox-active species. …

The Effect Of Interfacial Morphology On The Magnetic And Magnetocaloricproperties Of Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles With Core-Shell Geometry: A Montecarlo Study, Yusuf Yüksel

Turkish Journal of Physics

Within the framework of Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of a nanocomposite particle composed of ferromagnetic core and shell layers. We found that isothermal magnetic entropy change may exhibit two peaks associated to two different phase transitions of the core and shell layers. We paid particular attention to the microscopic details of the core/shell interface. Our results suggest that for the large values of the interface exchange coupling, the full width at half maximum is expanded at the expense of the low temperature peak of isothermal entropy change $ \Delta S_{M} $ whereas the high …

Characterization Of Nanoparticles Using Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Jabez D. Campbell

MSU Graduate Theses

Nanomaterials are a relatively new class of materials that have many applications which span a wide host of fields from medical products to consumer products. The possible compositions and forms of nanomaterials are just as varied as the applications. Therefore, a versatile characterization method is needed for researchers and regulators alike to ensure nanomaterials are properly used. Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) is a functional method that could fill the characterization need in the nanomaterial research field. Using data from both SP-ICP-MS tests and data from literature established characterization methods, the viability of making SP-ICP-MS the standard …

Fabrication Of Nd3+ And Yb3+ Doped Nir Emitting Nano Fluorescent Probe: A Candidate For Bioimaging Applications, D. Karthickraja, G. A. Kumar, D. K. Sardar, S. Karthi, Gamage C. Dannangoda, Karen S. Martirosyan, M. Prasath, M. Gowri, E. L. Girija

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

The intentional design of rare earth doped luminescent architecture exhibits unique optical properties and it can be considered as a promising and potential probe for optical imaging applications. Calcium fluoride (CaF2) nanoparticles doped with optimum concentration of Nd3+ and Yb3+ as sensitizer and activator, respectively, were synthesized by wet precipitation method and characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence. In spite of the fact that the energy transfer takes place from Nd3+ to Yb3+, the luminescence intensity was found to be weak due to the lattice defects generated from the doping of trivalent cations (Nd3+ and Yb3+) for divalent host …

Monitoring And Identifying The Rhodamine 6g-Hydroxide Ion Reaction Using In-Situ, Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, Ryan Lamb

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

An effective method for monitoring chemical reactions is necessary to better understand their mechanisms and kinetics. Effective reaction monitoring requires a spectroscopy technique with fast data acquisition, high sensitivity, structure-to-spectrum correlation, and low solvent interference. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) provides these features, which makes it a valuable tool for monitoring reactions. To obtain the Raman enhancement, metallic nanostructures typically made of silver or gold are aggregated using a salt. The nanoparticles aggregates must then be stabilized using a surfactant to use this method in situ due to eventual nanoparticle precipitation. In this study, gold nanoparticles stabilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate …

Liposomal Encapsulation Of Silver Nanoparticles To Enhance Nanoparticle Cytotoxicity And Modulate Induced Inflammatory Responses In Vitro, Azeez Yusuf

Doctoral

High concentrations of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are increasingly present as active ingredient in everyday consumable products for antibacterial purposes causing increased human exposure and high risk of adverse effect development. In this thesis, AgNP were encapsulated in dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC)-based liposome (forming Lipo-AgNP), to enhance intracellular delivery and associated cytotoxicity, and suppress AgNP-induced inflammation. It was noted that as a result of the encapsulation, Lipo-AgNP induced significantly reduced cell viability of THP1 monocytes and THP1 differentiated macrophages (TDM) at a notably lower dose than that of uncoated AgNP. The induced cytotoxicity was shown to result in an increased level of …

Thermo-Mechanical Response Of Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Membranes, Yifan Wang, Henry Chan, Badri Narayanan, Sean P. Mcbride, Subramanian K.R.S. Sankaranarayanan, Xiao-Min Lin, Heinrich M. Jaeger

Dr. Sean P. McBride

Ultrathin membranes composed of metallic or semiconducting nanoparticles capped with short ligand molecules are hybrid materials that have attracted considerable research interest.^1-12 In contrast to two-dimensional (2D) membranes such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers, nanoparticle membranes can be engineered to achieve widely tunable mechanical, electronic or optical properties through different combinations of inorganic cores and organic ligands. In terms of mechanical properties, these membranes can form large area (tens of microns in diameter) freestanding structures with high Young’s moduli (~GPa) and fracture strength.^1,13-15 Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have indicated how this mechanical robustness can arise from …

Thermo-Mechanical Response Of Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Membranes, Yifan Wang, Henry Chan, Badri Narayanan, Sean P. Mcbride, Subramanian K.R.S. Sankaranarayanan, Xiao-Min Lin, Heinrich M. Jaeger

Physics Faculty Research

Ultrathin membranes composed of metallic or semiconducting nanoparticles capped with short ligand molecules are hybrid materials that have attracted considerable research interest.^1-12 In contrast to two-dimensional (2D) membranes such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers, nanoparticle membranes can be engineered to achieve widely tunable mechanical, electronic or optical properties through different combinations of inorganic cores and organic ligands. In terms of mechanical properties, these membranes can form large area (tens of microns in diameter) freestanding structures with high Young’s moduli (~GPa) and fracture strength.^1,13-15 Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have indicated how this mechanical robustness can arise from …

Differential Uptake Of Gold Nanoparticles By 2 Species Of Tadpole, The Wood Frog (Lithobates Sylvaticus) And The Bullfrog (Lithobates Catesbeianus), Lucas B. Thompson, Gerardo L.F. Carfagno, Kurt Andresen, Andrea J. Sitton, Taylor B. Bury, Laura L. Lee, Kevin T. Lerner, Peter P. Fong

Biology Faculty Publications

Engineered nanoparticles are aquatic contaminants of emerging concern that exert ecotoxicological effects on a wide variety of organisms. We exposed cetyltrimethylammonium bromide–capped spherical gold nanoparticles to wood frog and bullfrog tadpoles with conspecifics and in combination with the other species continuously for 21 d, then measured uptake and localization of gold. Wood frog tadpoles alone and in combination with bullfrog tadpoles took up significantly more gold than bullfrogs. Bullfrog tadpoles in combination with wood frogs took up significantly more gold than controls. The rank order of weight-normalized gold uptake was wood frogs in combination > wood frogs alone > bullfrogs in combination …

Fabrication And Study Of The Structure And Magnetism Of Rare-Earth Free Nanoclusters, Bhaskar Das

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

No abstract provided.

Strong Resistance To Bending Observed For Nanoparticle Membranes, Yifan Wang, Jianhui Liao, Sean P. Mcbride, Efi Efrati, Xiao-Min Lin, Heinrich M. Jaeger

Dr. Sean P. McBride

We demonstrate how gold nanoparticle monolayers can be curled up into hollow scrolls that make it possible to extract both bending and stretching moduli from indentation by atomic force microscopy. We find a bending modulus that is 2 orders of magnitude larger than predicted by standard continuum elasticity, an enhancement we associate with nonlocal microstructural constraints. This finding opens up new opportunities for independent control of resistance to bending and stretching at the nanoscale.

Synthesis, Characterization And Ferroelectric Properties Of Ln-Type Znsno3 Nanostructures, Corisa Kons

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

With increasing focus on the ill health and environmental effects of lead there is a greater push to develop Pb-free devices and materials. To this extent, ecofriendly and earth abundant LiNbO₃-type ZnSnO₃, a derivative of the ABO₃ perovskite structure, has a high theoretically predicted polarization making it an excellent choice as a suitable alternative to lead based material such as PZT. In this work we present a novel synthesis procedure for the growth of various ZnSnO₃ nanostructures by combined physical/chemical processes. Various ZnSnO₃ nanostructures of different dimensions were grown from a ZnO:Al template …

Strong Resistance To Bending Observed For Nanoparticle Membranes, Yifan Wang, Jianhui Liao, Sean P. Mcbride, Efi Efrati, Xiao-Min Lin, Heinrich M. Jaeger

Physics Faculty Research

We demonstrate how gold nanoparticle monolayers can be curled up into hollow scrolls that make it possible to extract both bending and stretching moduli from indentation by atomic force microscopy. We find a bending modulus that is 2 orders of magnitude larger than predicted by standard continuum elasticity, an enhancement we associate with nonlocal microstructural constraints. This finding opens up new opportunities for independent control of resistance to bending and stretching at the nanoscale.

Characterization Of Order-Disorder Phase Transition Temperature For Select Nanoparticles, Gregory J. Sutherland

Theses and Dissertations

A method was found for creating ordered nanoparticles whose size and theoretical order-disorder temperature are ideal for study in the TEM. Specifically FePt, NiPt, FeNiPt and AuCu nanoparticles were studied. We were able to show how a nanoparticle's size affects its order-disorder temperature (Tod). When the particles were around 6 nm in diameter there was a shift downward of the Tod of 10-15 percent compared to the bulk. While particles around 10 nm in diameter experienced a downward shift of 0-6 percent compared to the bulk. One can approximate that particles less than 10-15 nm in diameter would show significant …

Density-Functional Theory+Dynamical Mean-Field Theory Study Of The Magnetic Properties Of Transition-Metal Nanostructures, Alamgir Kabir

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Dynamical Mean-Field Theory (DMFT) approaches are applied to study the magnetic properties of transition metal nanosystems of different sizes and compositions. In particular, in order to take into account dynamical electron correlation effects (time-resolved local charge interactions), we have adopted the DFT+DMFT formalism and made it suitable for application to nanostructures. Preliminary application of this DFT+DMFT approach, using available codes, to study the magnetic properties of small (2 to 5-atom) Fe and FePt clusters provide meaningful results: dynamical effects lead to a reduction of the cluster magnetic moment as compared to that …

Optical Resonators And Fiber Tapers As Transducers For Detection Of Nanoparticles And Bio-Molecules, Huzeyfe Yilmaz

McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations

In recent years, detection of biological interactions on single molecule level has aspired many researchers to investigate several optical, chemical, electrical and mechanical sensing tools. Among these tools, toroidal optical resonators lead the way in detection of the smallest particle/molecule with the real time measurements. In this work, bio-sensing capabilities of toroidal optical resonators are investigated. Bio-sensing is realized via measuring the analyte-antigen interaction while the antigen is immobilized through a novel functionalization method.

Not long ago, detection of single nanoparticles using optical resonators has been accomplished however the need for cost-effective and practical transducers demands simpler tools. A tapered …

Biophysical Characterization Of Optimized Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles As A Malaria Vaccine, Sophia Walker

Honors Scholar Theses

Malaria is an infectious disease that affects several million individuals worldwide and is a significant international public health issue. While there is currently a malaria vaccine in phase III clinical trials, recent results demonstrate that it is only about 35% effective in reducing the incidence of the disease. The use of self-assembling protein nanoparticles (SAPNs) that display epitopes of the repeat sequence of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes malaria, has been shown to elicit a strong immune response. This prototype has potential for further improvement by altering the epitope regions of the nanoparticles to …

Nanoparticle Self-Assembly And Ultrafast Nanomagnet Switching Dynamics, Longfei Ye

Theses and Dissertations

A novel manufacturing technology that offers a low-cost alternative for creating more complex optical materials that are assembled with single-nanometer precision is demonstrated. Using the enormous magnetic field gradients present near the surface of magnetic recording media, colloidally suspended superparamagnetic nanopartilces are self-assembled into patterned microstructures.

The position and shape of these microstructures are precisely controlled by magnetic patterns on the template. The template that can be reprogrammed and reused is magnetically recorded using commercial magnetic recording technology. These microstructures consisting entirely of self-assembled magnetic nanoparticles are then transferred to flexible polymer thin films with patterns maintained. In particular, all-nanoparticle …

The Bio-Nano-Interface In Predicting Nanoparticle Fate And Behaviour In Living Organisms: Towards Grouping And Categorising Nanomaterials And Ensuring Nanosafety By Design, Hugh Byrne, Arti Ahluwalia, Diana Boraschi,, Bengt Fadeel, Peter Gehr, Arno C. Gutleb, Michaela Kendall, Manthos Papadopoulos, Iseult Lynch

Articles

In biological media, nanoparticles acquire a coating of biomolecules (proteins, lipids, polysaccharides) from their surroundings, which reduces their surface energy and confers a biological identity to the particles. This adsorbed layer is the interface between the nanomaterial and living systems and therefore plays a significant role in determining the fate and behaviour of the nanoparticles. This review summarises the state of the art in terms of understanding the bio-nano interface and provides direction for potential future research directions and some recommendations for future priorities and strategies to support the safe implementation of nanotechnologies. The central premise is that nanomaterials must …

Understanding Nanoparticle-Cell Interaction, Ran Chen

All Dissertations

Nanotechnology has revolutionalized the landscape of modern science and technology, including materials, electronics, therapeutics, bioimaging, sensing, and the environment. Along with these technological advancements, there arises a concern that engineered nanomaterials, owing to their high surface area and high reactivity, may exert adverse effects upon discharge to compromise biological and ecological systems. Research in the past decade has examined the fate of nanomaterials in vitro and in vivo, as well as the interactions between nanoparticles and biological and ecosystems using primarily toxicological and ecotoxicological approaches. However, due to the versatility in the physical and physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, and due …

Nanoscale Surface Patterning And Applications: Using Top-Down Patterning Methods To Aid Bottom-Up Fabrication, Anthony Craig Pearson

Theses and Dissertations

Bottom-up self-assembly can be used to create structures with sub-20 nm feature sizes or materials with advanced electrical properties. Here I demonstrate processes to enable such self-assembling systems including block copolymers and DNA origami, to be integrated into nanoelectronic devices. Additionally, I present a method which utilizes the high stability and electrical conductivity of graphene, which is a material formed using a bottom-up growth process, to create archival data storage devices. Specifically, I show a technique using block copolymer micelle lithography to fabricate arrays of 5 nm gold nanoparticles, which are chemically modified with a single-stranded DNA molecule and used …

Probing And Controlling Fluid Rheology At Microscale With Magnetic Nanorods, Alexander Tokarev

All Dissertations

This Dissertation is focused on the development of new methods for characterization and control of fluid rheology using magnetic nanorods. This Dissertation consists of five chapters. In the first chapter, we review current microrheologial methods and develop a Magnetic Rotational Spectroscopy (MRS) model describing nanorod response to a rotating magnetic field. Using numerical modeling, we analyze the effects of materials parameters of nanorods and fluids on the MRS characteristic features. The model is designed for a specific experimental protocol. We introduce and examine physical parameters which can be measured experimentally. The model allows identification of MRS features enabling the calculation …

Growth And Characterization Of Functional Nanoparticulate Films By A Microwave Plasma-Assisted Spray Deposition Process, Ted Wangensteen

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Nanoparticle and nanoparticulate films have been grown by a unique approach combining a microwave and nebulized droplets where the concentration and thus the resulting particle size can be controlled. The goal of such a scalable approach was to achieve it with the least number of steps, and without using expensive high purity chemicals or the precautions necessary to work with such chemicals. This approach was developed as a result of first using a laser unsuccessfully to achieve the desired films and particles. Some problems with the laser approach for growing desired films were solved by substituting the higher energy microwave …

The Influences Of Cell Type And Zno Nanoparticle Size On Immune Cell Cytotoxicity And Cytokine Induction, Cory Hanley, Aaron Thurber, Charles Hanna, Alex Punnoose, Jianhui Zhang, Denise G. Wingett

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Nanotechnology represents a new and enabling platform that promises to provide a range of innovative technologies for biological applications. ZnO nanoparticles of controlled size were synthesized, and their cytotoxicity towards different human immune cells evaluated. A differential cytotoxic response between human immune cell subsets was observed, with lymphocytes being the most resistant and monocytes being the most susceptible to ZnO nanoparticle-induced toxicity. Significant differences were also observed between previously activated memory lymphocytes and naive lymphocytes, indicating a relationship between cell-cycle potential and nanoparticle susceptibility. Mechanisms of toxicity involve the generation of reactive oxygen species, with monocytes displaying the highest levels, …

Simulation And Analysis Of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles, Chad Everett Junkermeier

Theses and Dissertations

I used ab initio molecular dynamics calculations to model cadmium sulfide nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were originaly spherical, bulk-like zinc-blende structures. Constant temperature molecular dynamics calculations reveals that CdS nanoparticles that are about 2 nm in diameter and have unpassivated surfaces are in an amorphous structure with short range order. The nearest neighbor distance on the surface of the nanoparticles being near the wurtzite nearest neighbor distance. I wrote the program xyzSTATS and used its results in justifying the amorphous nanoparticles claim. I also estimated the band gap of the CdS nanoparticles with unpassivated dangling bonds.