Physics Commons^™

Intracavity Phase Interferometry Based Fiber Sensors, Luke Jameson Horstman

Optical Science and Engineering ETDs

Intracavity Phase Interferometry (IPI) is a detection technique that exploits the inherent sensitivity of a laser's frequency to the parameters of its cavity. Intracavity interferometry is orders of magnitude more sensitive than its extracavity alternatives. This dissertation improves on previous free-space proof-of-concept designs. By implementing the technique in fiber optics, using optical parametric oscillation, and investigating non-Hermitian quantum mechanics and dispersion tailoring enhancement techniques, IPI has become more applicable and sensitive. Ring and linear IPI configurations were realized in this work, both operating as bidirectional fiber optical parametric oscillators. The benefit of using externally pumped synchronous optical parametric oscillation is …

Metasurfaces For Nano-Illumination In Lidar And Lighting Applications, Sehyeon Kim

Graduate Theses - Physics and Optical Engineering

The development of a non-scanning laser-based imaging lidar system based on a diffractive optical element with potential applications in advanced driver assistance systems, autonomous vehicles, drone navigation, and mobile devices is reported. The proposed lidar utilizes image processing with homography. The emphasis in the design approach has been on compactness and cost of the final system for it to be deployable both as standalone or complementary to existing lidar sensors, enabling fusion sensing in the applications. This work describes the basic elements of the proposed lidar system. It presents the potential ranging mechanisms, along with their experimental results demonstrating the …

Piezoelectricity In Hafnia, Sangita Dutta, Pratyush Buragohain, Sebastjan Glinsek, Claudia Richter, Hugo Aramberri, Haidong Lu, Uwe Schroeder, Emmanuel Defay, Alexei Gruverman, Jorge Íñiguez

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Because of its compatibility with semiconductor-based technologies, hafnia (HfO₂) is today’s most promising ferroelectric material for applications in electronics. Yet, knowledge on the ferroic and electromechanical response properties of this all-important compound is still lacking. Interestingly, HfO₂ has recently been predicted to display a negative longitudinal piezoelectric effect, which sets it apart from classic ferroelectrics (e.g., perovskite oxides like PbTiO₃) and is reminiscent of the behavior of some organic compounds. The present work corroborates this behavior, by first-principles calculations and an experimental investigation of HfO₂ thin films using piezoresponse force microscopy. Further, the simulations …

Dark Energy At Early Times And Act Data: A Larger Hubble Constant Without Late-Time Priors, V. Poulin, Tristan L. Smith, A. Bartlett

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

Recent observations using the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) have provided ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) maps with higher angular resolution than the Planck satellite. These have the potential to put interesting constraints on models resolving the “Hubble tension.” In this paper we fit two models of early dark energy (EDE) (an increase in the expansion rate around matter/radiation equality) to the combination of ACT data with large-scale measurements of the CMB either from the WMAP or the Planck satellite (including lensing), along with measurements of the baryon acoustic oscillations and uncalibrated supernovae luminosity distance. We study a phenomenological axionlike potential …

Limits On Parameter Estimation Of Quantum Channels, Vishal Katariya

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The aim of this thesis is to develop a theoretical framework to study parameter estimation of quantum channels. We begin by describing the classical task of parameter estimation that we build upon. In its most basic form, parameter estimation is the task of obtaining an estimate of an unknown parameter from some experimental data. This experimental data can be seen as a number of samples of a parameterized probability distribution. In general, the goal of such a task is to obtain an estimate of the unknown parameter while minimizing its error.

We study the task of estimating unknown parameters which …

Modeling Iterative Reconstruction And Displacement Field In The Large Scale Structure, Atsuhisa Ota, Hee Jong Seo, Shun Saito, Florian Beutler

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The next generation of galaxy surveys like the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument and Euclid will provide datasets orders of magnitude larger than anything available to date. Our ability to model nonlinear effects in late time matter perturbations will be a key to unlock the full potential of these datasets, and the area of initial condition reconstruction is attracting growing attention. Iterative reconstruction developed by Marcel Schmittfull et al. [Phys. Rev. D 96, 023505 (2017)PRVDAQ2470-001010.1103/PhysRevD.96.023505] is a technique designed to reconstruct the displacement field from the observed galaxy distribution. The nonlinear displacement field and initial linear density field are highly correlated. …

Quantum Field Theories, Topological Materials, And Topological Quantum Computing, Muhammad Ilyas

Dissertations and Theses

A quantum computer can perform exponentially faster than its classical counterpart. It works on the principle of superposition. But due to the decoherence effect, the superposition of a quantum state gets destroyed by the interaction with the environment. It is a real challenge to completely isolate a quantum system to make it free of decoherence. This problem can be circumvented by the use of topological quantum phases of matter. These phases have quasiparticles excitations called anyons. The anyons are charge-flux composites and show exotic fractional statistics. When the order of exchange matters, then the anyons are called non-Abelian anyons. Majorana …

Ultrafast Spectroscopy Of Air Lasing In Filaments, Brian Robert Kamer

Optical Science and Engineering ETDs

Filamentation in air is a phenomenon that has been extensively investigated for the last two decades. At sufficiently high intensity, even air is a nonlinear medium. These intensities are reached with ultrashort pulses (50 to 100 fs) of more than 1 J energy, which self-focus in air, reach ionizing intensities of oxygen and nitrogen, creating a plasma that defocuses the beam. The air filament is a self-induced waveguide resulting from a balance of focusing and defocusing. In this work new techniques were developed to visualize and analyze this phenomenon through its emission, in particu- lar the UV emission of the …

Probing New Physics Beyond The Standard Model Via New Neutrino Interactions, Garv Chauhan

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

The Standard Model (SM) of Particle Physics provides a self-consistent quantum field theoretic framework to explain three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak, strong) along with classifying all known elementary particles. Since its conception in the 1960s, the SM has been one of the most tested theories of physics and has withstood all experimental batterings. In spite of these successes, there are compelling indications, both experimental and theoretical, that require us to expand our understanding of the nature beyond the SM (BSM). Arguably the most glaring indication of BSM physics is the observation of neutrino oscillations, which implies …

A Systematic Study Of Neutron Production In Two Versions Of The Mevion Proton-Therapy System, Nima Tatari

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents a study of neutron production in two types of proton-therapy systems: passive scattering Mevion S250, and active scanning Mevion S250i. The scattering system has been operating at Washington University in St. Louis since 2013. The scanning system was installed in the same building in 2020. The scanning system has the advantage of producing fewer neutrons due to a focused scanned beam and the absence of beam scatterers, collimators, and a static brass aperture. A systematic particle transport Monte Carlo analysis using the Geant4 toolkit has been performed to track the neutrons produced in various components of each …

Computational Methods For Analysis Of Data For Conformational And Phase Equilibria Of Disordered Proteins, Jared Michael M Lalmansingh

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Intrinsically disordered proteins and regions (IDPs / IDRs) are a class of proteins with diverse conformational heterogeneity that do not fold into a tertiary structure due to the lack of a native structural state. Consequently, disordered proteins are remarkably flexible and exhibit multivalent properties that enable them to adopt myriad functional roles within the cell such as: signaling transduction, transcription, enzymatic catalysis, translation, and many more. Due to their multivalency, some IDPs undergo monomeric and heterotypic interactions which can drive phase separation. Such IDPs can form membraneless organelles with specific regulatory roles within the cell which include, but are not …

Study Of The Geometric Structure Of Low-Atomic Copper Clusters Using Computer Simulation, Nodirbek Ikromjonovich Ibrokhimov

Scientific-technical journal

In this work, we investigated the geometric structure of small neutral copper clusters with low energy using the MD (Molecular Dynamics) method. When calculating the processes of interatomic interaction, we used a potential EAM (Embedded-atom method). A computer model of Cu_n (n = 2-13) clusters has been created. The geometric shapes of the Cu₂, Cu₃, Cu₄, Cu₅, Cu₆, Cu₇, Cu₈, Cu₉, Cu₁₀, Cu₁₁, Cu₁₂, and Cu₁₃ clusters have been studied and the structural parameters (Cu-Cu bond …

Study Of The Reactions E+E-→Π+Π-ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ And Π+Π-ΠΠΠΠΠΠΗ At Center-Of-Mass Energies From Threshold To 4.5 Gev Using Initial-State Radiation, J. P. Lees, V. Poireau, V Tisserand, E. Grauges, A. Palano, G. Eigen, D. N. Brown, Yu G. Kolomensky, M. Fritsch, H. Koch, T. Schroeder, R. Cheaib, C. Hearty, T. S. Mattison, J. A. Mckenna, R. Y. So, V. E. Blinov, A. R. Buzykaev, V. P. Druzhinin, Milind Purohit, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

We study the processes e⁺e⁻→ π⁺π⁻π⁰π⁰π⁰π⁰γ and π⁺π⁻π⁰π⁰π⁰ηγ in which an energetic photon is radiated from the initial state. The data were collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. About 7300 and 870 events, respectively, are selected from a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 469 fb⁻¹. The invariant mass of the hadronic final state defines the effective e⁺e⁻ center-of-mass energy. The center-of-mass …

Study Of The Process E+ E− → Π + Π − Π0 Using Initial State Radiation With Babar, J. P. Lees, V. Poireau, V. Tisserand, E. Grauges, A. Palano, G. Eigen, D. N. Brown, Yu. G. Kolomensky, M. Fritsch, H. Koch, T. Schroeder, R. Cheaib, C. Hearty, T. S. Mattison, J. A. Mckenna, R. Y. So, V. E. Blinov, A. R. Buzykaev, V. P. Druzhinin, Milind Purohit, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

The process e⁺e⁻→ π⁺π⁻π⁰γ is studied at a center-of-mass energy near the ϒ(4S) resonance using a data sample of 469 fb⁻¹ collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II collider. We have performed a precise measurement of the e⁺e⁻→ π⁺π⁻π⁰ cross section in the center-of-mass energy range from 0.62 to 3.5 GeV. In the energy regions of theω and ϕ resonances, the cross section is measured with a systematic uncertainty of 1.3%. The leading-order hadronic contribution to the …

Influence Of Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation On Rainfall Extremes In The Philippines, Lyndon Mark P. Olaguera, John A. Manalo, Jun Matsumoto

Physics Faculty Publications

This study investigates the impact of the northward/northwestward propagating 30–60-day mode of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) on the extreme rainfall events in the Philippines during the June–September (JJAS) season from 1979 to 2018. The Philippines domain is divided into the three latitudinal regions: Luzon region (13°–22°N), Visayas region (10°–13°N), and Mindanao region (5°–10°N) to account for the regional differences in the timing of extreme rainfall events. The probability density functions of JJAS rainfall are skewed towards higher values relative to the non-BSISO days in BSISO Phases 6–8, Phases 5–7, and Phases 4–6 over the Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao …

Reduced-Order Dynamic Modeling And Robust Nonlinear Control Of Fluid Flow Velocity Fields, Anu Kossery Jayaprakash, William Mackunis, Vladimir Golubev, Oksana Stalnov

Publications

A robust nonlinear control method is developed for fluid flow velocity tracking, which formally addresses the inherent challenges in practical implementation of closed-loop active flow control systems. A key challenge being addressed here is flow control design to compensate for model parameter variations that can arise from actuator perturbations. The control design is based on a detailed reduced-order model of the actuated flow dynamics, which is rigorously derived to incorporate the inherent time-varying uncertainty in the both the model parameters and the actuator dynamics. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first robust nonlinear closed-loop active flow …

Signatures Of A Quantum Griffiths Phase Close To An Electronic Nematic Quantum Phase Transition, Pascal Reiss, David Graf, Amir A. Haghighirad, Thomas Vojta, Amalia I. Coldea

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

In the vicinity of a quantum critical point, quenched disorder can lead to a quantum Griffiths phase, accompanied by an exotic power-law scaling with a continuously varying dynamical exponent that diverges in the zero-temperature limit. Here, we investigate a nematic quantum critical point in the iron-based superconductor FeSe0.89S0.11 using applied hydrostatic pressure. We report an unusual crossing of the magneto resistivity isotherms in the Non superconducting normal state that features a continuously varying dynamical exponent over a large temperature range. We interpret our results in terms of a quantum Griffiths phase caused by nematic islands that result from the local …

Nuclear Transparency From Quasi-Elastic $^{12}C(E,E'P)$ Scattering Reaction Up To $Q^2=14.2 ~(Gev/C)^{2}$ In Hall C At Jefferson Lab, Deepak Kumar Bhetuwal

Theses and Dissertations

Color Transparency $(CT)$ is a unique prediction of Quantum Chromodynamics $(QCD)$ where the final (and/or initial) state interactions of hadrons with the nuclear medium are suppressed for exclusive processes at high momentum transfers. While this phenomenon has been observed for mesons, there has never been a conclusive observation for baryons. A clear signal of $CT$ for baryons would be the first evidence of baryons fluctuating to a small size in the nucleus, and the onset would show the transition from nucleon-meson picture to quark-gluon degrees of freedom. The experiment $E1206107$, searching for the onset of $CT$ in protons was completed …

Some Optical And Electrical Properties Of Cadmium Sulfide And Lead Sulfide Thin Films Prepared By Electron Beam Deposition, Achiri Celestine Tange

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Scattering Of Light From Periodic Conducting Nanostructures, Wesley Mills

Fall Student Research Symposium 2021

Light scattered from periodic structures generates numerous fascinating phenomena, from diffraction patterns to the black patches on some butterfly wings. The simple scalar wave formulation based on Huygens principle can account for many diffraction and radiation patterns in the far field. However, when the structure dimensions are smaller than the wavelength, light polarization and structure details become important, and the vector formulation based on Maxwell's equations is necessary. I will present an analytic calculation and a numerical simulation on light scattering from two-dimensional conducting grids to model the reflectance from butterfly wings and broadband absorption structures made from carbon nanotube …

Violation Of Magnetic Flux Conservation By Superconducting Nanorings, Iris Mowgood, Gurgen Melkonyan, Rajendra Dulal, Serafim Teknowijoyo, Sara Chahid, Armen Gulian

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

The behavior of magnetic flux in the ring-shaped finite-gap superconductors is explored from the view-point of the flux-conservation theorem which states that under the variation of external magnetic field "the magnetic flux through the ring remains constant" (see, e.g., [L.D. Landau and E.M. Lifshitz, Electrodynamics of Continuos Media, vol. 8 (New York, Pergamon Press, 1960), Section 42]). Our results, based on the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations and COMSOL modeling, made it clear that in the general case, this theorem is incorrect. While for rings of macroscopic sizes the corrections are small, for micro and nanorings they become rather substantial. The physical …

A Numeric Study On The Influence Of The Values Of The Parameter P In Kronig – Peneny Equation On The Width Of The Bands, Saleh Saeed Barbaid

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

After showing the importance of Bloch Theory about Schrödinger' equation solution with a periodic potential; we demonstrated that the periodic structure of square well in one dimension of the model of Kronig-Penney on the band theory of solid, shows clearly the structure of the allowed and forbidden bands in the crystallized solids and we showed how we can introduce the parameter p in the final equation of this model of bands. Then, we conducted a sufficient study on the influence of this parameter on the widths of the allowed and forbidden energy bands in the crystals. We find that the …

Pd Doped Sno2 Resistive Film As A Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor, Salim F. Bamsaoud, Sandhya Rani, R. N. Karekar Prof., S. W. Gosavi

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

A new sugar sensor based on metal oxide is presented here. The variation on the sensor resistance is studied against different glucose and fructose concentrations (1 - 360 mg/dl). The study is done for three different resistive films (i) pristine palladium oxide (PdOx); (ii) tin oxide (SnO2) and (iii) palladium doped tin oxide (Pd-SnO2). The chemical reactions of glucose and fructose with surface species were studied. Pd-SnO2 films show an excellent and reliable response to glucose and fructose solution in comparison with the bare films (PdOx and SnO2). Sensor performance was checked for the blood of normal (120 mg/d) and …

Some Optical Properties Of (Znte) Thin Films Prepared By Thermal Evaporation Technique On A Glass Substrate, Abdulla Saeed Ba-Sabiah, Mohamed Ali Seyam

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

Thin films of Zinc telluride (ZnTe)were deposited by thermal evaporation technique on a glass substrate. The optical obtained data were analyzed using a numerical analysis program which showed that the transition mechanism involved indirectly allows transition since the best line dependence is obtained from a plot of 0.5 ( )  h versus photon energy ( ) h . The bandgap decreased from 1.15 to 0.96 eV as the substrate temperature varied from 410 to 510 K. Such behaviour is attributed to unsaturated defects, which are confirmed by XRD examinations. PACS:78.20.Ci, 71.30.+h, 72.90. +y

Computer Program Simulation Of A Quantum Turing Machine With Circuit Model, Shixin Wu

Mathematical Sciences Technical Reports (MSTR)

Molina and Watrous present a variation of the method to simulate a quantum Turing machine employed in Yao’s 1995 publication “Quantum Circuit Complexity”. We use a computer program to implement their method with linear algebra and an additional unitary operator defined to complete the details. Their method is verified to be correct on a quantum Turing machine.

Preparation And Characterization Of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Decorated With Copper Oxide, Mohamed Morsy

Nanotechnology Research Centre

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are special form of carbon nano materials with amazing applications in many areas of research.MWCNTs were synthesized by anAtmospheric Chemical Vapor Deposition (ACVD) system then decorated on their surface with Copper Oxide (CuO) nanoparticles via the hydrothermal method. The prepared un-purifiedMWCNTs and purified MWCNTs were characterized by High Resolution Transmittance Electron Microscope (HRTEM), Xray Diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. As well as the CuO/MWCNTs nanocomposite was characterized by HRTEM, XRD, Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Raman spectroscopy. The results demonstrated the distribution of CuO nano particles on the …

Search For Lensing Signatures In The Gravitational-Wave Observations From The First Half Of Ligo–Virgo's Third Observing Run, Richard Abbott, Thomas D. Abbott, S. Abraham, Fausto Acernese, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Karla E. Ramirez, Wenhui Wang

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

We search for signatures of gravitational lensing in the gravitational-wave signals from compact binary coalescences detected by Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and Advanced Virgo during O3a, the first half of their third observing run. We study: (1) the expected rate of lensing at current detector sensitivity and the implications of a non-observation of strong lensing or a stochastic gravitational-wave background on the merger-rate density at high redshift; (2) how the interpretation of individual high-mass events would change if they were found to be lensed; (3) the possibility of multiple images due to strong lensing by galaxies or galaxy …

Point Absorber Limits To Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors, Wenxuan Jia, Hiroaki Yamamoto, Kevin Kuns, Anamaria Effler, Matthew Evans, Peter Fritschel, R. Abbott, C. Adams, R. Adhikari, Karla E. Ramirez

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

High-quality optical resonant cavities require low optical loss, typically on the scale of parts per million. However, unintended micron-scale contaminants on the resonator mirrors that absorb the light circulating in the cavity can deform the surface thermoelastically, and thus increase losses by scattering light out of the resonant mode. The point absorber effect is a limiting factor in some highpower cavity experiments, for example, the Advanced LIGO gravitational wave detector. In this Letter, we present a general approach to the point absorber effect from first principles and simulate its contribution to the increased scattering. The achievable circulating power in current …

Mass Spectra Of Mesonic Molecules At Finite Temperature, Arezu Jahanshir, Mohammad Reza Soltani

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

At a finite temperature, exotic hadronic systems, mass spectrum was studied using the quark structure and the radial Schrödinger equation with the Cornell interaction potential representing the hadronic interaction. The projective unitary representation has been used in the study of hadronic ground states in physics. A relativistic bound state's mass spectrum with temperature dependence is shown to have a unique feature. The resulting values are compared to experimental and theoretical values, and the study showed a high level of conformity with additional values wherever feasible.

Efficiency Of +Idonblender Photogrammetric Tool In Facial Prosthetics Rehabilitation – An Evaluation Study, Mohammed R. Falih, Fanar M. Abed, Rodrigo Salazar-Gamarra, Luciano Lauria Dib

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Several open-source 3D modeling software tools have recently been featured to reconstruct a 3D image-based model using Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms such as +IDonBlender. It is, therefore, necessary to evaluate the accuracy of the models extracted from this tool to prove effectiveness for different applications. This paper aims to evaluate the +IDonBlender methodology tool in rehabilitating facial deformations. +IDonBlender is an add-on tool programmed within Blender software and designed for medical applications. In this research, two individuals from different genders have volunteered to contribute to this study, one with severe facial deformation and the other is healthy with no …