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2015

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Articles 31 - 60 of 1836

Full-Text Articles in Physics

Semiclassical Approach To Quantum-Mechanical Problems With Broken Supersymmetry, Ranabir Dutt, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Avinash Khare, A. Pagnamenta, Uday Sukhatne Dec 2015

Semiclassical Approach To Quantum-Mechanical Problems With Broken Supersymmetry, Ranabir Dutt, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Avinash Khare, A. Pagnamenta, Uday Sukhatne

Asim Gangopadhyaya

The semiclassical WKB approximation method is reexamined in the context of nonrelativistic quantum-mechanical bound-state problems with broken supersymmetry (SUSY). This gives rise to an alternative quantization condition (denoted by BSWKB) which is different from the standard WKB formula and also different from the previously studied supersymmetric (SWKB) formula for unbroken SUSY. It is shown that to leading order in ħ, the BSWKB condition yields exact energy eigenvalues for shape-invariant potentials with broken SUSY (harmonic oscillator, Pöschl-Teller I and II) which are known to be analytically solvable. Further, we show explicitly that the higher-order corrections to these energy eigenvalues, up to …


Renormalization Group Equations In Broken Supersymmetric Theories Using Superspace Methods, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Darwin Chang Dec 2015

Renormalization Group Equations In Broken Supersymmetric Theories Using Superspace Methods, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Darwin Chang

Asim Gangopadhyaya

We apply the superfield method with the spurion technique to derive the renormalization-group equations in broken supersymmetric theories. We point out some possible ambiguities in this procedure and show that it is in general necessary to express the supersymmetry-breaking terms in explicit D-type form. We also found that it is possible to construct broken supersymmetric theories where some of the symmetry-breaking parameters do not receive any infinite renormalization.


Comment On ‘‘The Hidden Symmetry For A Quantum System With An Infinitely Deep Square-Well Potential By Shi-Hai Dong And Zhong-Qi Ma [Am. J. Phys. 70 (5) 520-521 (2002)], Asim Gangopadhyaya, Jeffrey Mallow Dec 2015

Comment On ‘‘The Hidden Symmetry For A Quantum System With An Infinitely Deep Square-Well Potential By Shi-Hai Dong And Zhong-Qi Ma [Am. J. Phys. 70 (5) 520-521 (2002)], Asim Gangopadhyaya, Jeffrey Mallow

Asim Gangopadhyaya

No abstract provided.


Gravitational Slingshot , John Dykla, Robert Cacioppo, Asim Gangopadhyaya Dec 2015

Gravitational Slingshot , John Dykla, Robert Cacioppo, Asim Gangopadhyaya

Asim Gangopadhyaya

The slingshot effect is an intriguing phenomenon that has been used effectively by NASA to send spacecraft to outer edges of the solar system. This phenomenon can be satisfactorily explained by Newtonian physics. However, if it is presented as a problem involving four-momentum conservation, the methods of relativistic kinematics easily lead to the conditions necessary for an accelerating as well as a retarding scenario. This problem provides an example that showcases the frequent utility of relativistic methods to analyze problems of Newtonian mechanics.


Magnetic Transitions In Disordered Gdal2, D. Williams, Paul Shand, Thomas Pekarek, Ralph Skomski, Valeri Petkov, Diandra Leslie-Pelecky Dec 2015

Magnetic Transitions In Disordered Gdal2, D. Williams, Paul Shand, Thomas Pekarek, Ralph Skomski, Valeri Petkov, Diandra Leslie-Pelecky

Thomas M. Pekarek

The role of disorder in magnetic ordering transitions is investigated using mechanically milled GdAl2. Crystalline GdAl2 is a ferromagnet while amorphous GdAl2 is a spin glass. Nanostructured GdAl2 shows a paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic transition and glassy behavior, with the temperature and magnitude of each transition dependent on the degree and type of disorder. Disorder is parametrized by a Gaussian distribution of Curie temperatures TC with mean TC and breadth Δ TC. A nonzero coercivity is observed at temperatures more than 20 K above the highest TC of any known Gd-Al phase; however, the coercivity decreases with decreasing temperature over the same temperature …


New Solvable Singular Potentials , R. Dutt, Asim Gangopadhyaya, C. Rasinariu, Uday Sukhatne Dec 2015

New Solvable Singular Potentials , R. Dutt, Asim Gangopadhyaya, C. Rasinariu, Uday Sukhatne

Asim Gangopadhyaya

We obtain three new solvable, real, shape invariant potentials starting from the harmonic oscillator, Pöschl-Teller I and Pöschl-Teller II potentials on the half-axis and extending their domain to the full line, while taking special care to regularize the inverse square singularity at the origin. The regularization procedure gives rise to a delta-function behavior at the origin. Our new systems possess underlying non-linear potential algebras, which can also be used to determine their spectra analytically.


Inter-Relations Of Solvable Potentials, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Prasanta Panigrahi, Uday Sukhatne Dec 2015

Inter-Relations Of Solvable Potentials, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Prasanta Panigrahi, Uday Sukhatne

Asim Gangopadhyaya

Solvable Natanzon potentials in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics are known to group into two disjoint classes depending on whether the Schrödinger equation can be reduced to a hypergeometric or a confluent hypergeometric equation. All the potentials within each class are connected via point canonical transformations. We establish a connection between the two classes with appropriate limiting procedures and redefinition of parameters, thereby inter-relating all known solvable potentials.


Disorder-Induced Depression Of The Curie Temperature In Mechanically Milled Gdal2, Marco Morales Torres, D. Williams, Paul Shand, C. Stark, Thomas Pekarek, L. Yue, Valeri Petkov, Diandra Leslie-Pelecky Dec 2015

Disorder-Induced Depression Of The Curie Temperature In Mechanically Milled Gdal2, Marco Morales Torres, D. Williams, Paul Shand, C. Stark, Thomas Pekarek, L. Yue, Valeri Petkov, Diandra Leslie-Pelecky

Thomas M. Pekarek

The effect of disorder on the ferromagnetic transition is investigated in mechanically milled GdAl2. GdAl2is a ferromagnet when crystalline and a spin glass when amorphous. Mechanical milling progressively disorders the alloy, allowing observation of the change from ferromagnetic to a disordered magnetic state. X-ray diffraction and pair-distribution-function analysis are used to determine the grain size, lattice parameter, and mean-squared atomic displacements. The magnetization as a function of temperature is described by a Gaussian distribution of Curie temperatures. The mean Curie temperature decreases with decreasing lattice parameter, where lattice parameter serves as a measure of defect concentration. Two different rates of …


Unintended Consequences Of Imprecise Notation – An Example From Mechanics, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Gordon Ramsey Dec 2015

Unintended Consequences Of Imprecise Notation – An Example From Mechanics, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Gordon Ramsey

Asim Gangopadhyaya

We present a conundrum that results from the imprecise use of notation for partial derivatives. Taking an example from mechanics, we show that lack of proper care in re presenting partial derivatives in Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulations paradoxically leads to two different values for the time derivative of the canonical momentum. This problem also exists in other areas of physics,such as thermodynamics.


Coordinate Realizations Of Deformed Lie Algebras With Three Generator, Ranabir Dutt, Asim Gangopadhyaya, C. Rasinariu, Uday Sukhatne Dec 2015

Coordinate Realizations Of Deformed Lie Algebras With Three Generator, Ranabir Dutt, Asim Gangopadhyaya, C. Rasinariu, Uday Sukhatne

Asim Gangopadhyaya

Differential realizations in coordinate space for deformed Lie algebras with three generators are obtained using bosonic creation and annihilation operators satisfying Heisenberg commutation relations. The unified treatment presented here contains as special cases all previously given coordinate realizations of so(2,1), so(3), and their deformations. Applications to physical problems involving eigenvalue determination in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics are discussed.


Translational Shape Invariance And The Inherent Potential Algebra, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Jeffrey Mallow, Uday Sukhatne Dec 2015

Translational Shape Invariance And The Inherent Potential Algebra, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Jeffrey Mallow, Uday Sukhatne

Asim Gangopadhyaya

For all quantum-mechanical potentials that are known to be exactly solvable, there are two different, and seemingly independent methods of solution. The first approach is the potential algebra of symmetry groups; the second is supersymmetric quantum mechanics, applied to shape-invariant potentials, which comprise the set of known exactly solvable potentials. Using the underlying algebraic structures of Natanzon potentials, of which the translational shape-invariant potentials are a special subset, we demonstrate the equivalence of the two methods of solution. In addition, we show that, while the algebra for the general Natanzon potential is so(2,2), the subgroup so(2,1) suffices for the shape …


Anyonic Superconductivity In A Modified Large-U Hubbard Model, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Prasanta Panigrahi Dec 2015

Anyonic Superconductivity In A Modified Large-U Hubbard Model, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Prasanta Panigrahi

Asim Gangopadhyaya

A modified large-U Hubbard model at half filling is analyzed by a mean-field approach. Preserving a local U(1) symmetry of the action, the fluctuations about half filling are studied in the spirit of the commensurate-flux-phase condition. The fluctuations then contribute a Chern-Simons term to the tree-level Lagrangian with a coefficient appropriate to that of a half fermion. With the Coulomb repulsion term, we study the low-energy excitations of the model and show the existence of superconductivity in the presence of a four-Fermi interaction term.


Superspace Ward Identities In Supersymmetric Gauge Theories, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Darwin Chang Dec 2015

Superspace Ward Identities In Supersymmetric Gauge Theories, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Darwin Chang

Asim Gangopadhyaya

In superspace formulation of supersymmetric gauge theories, gauge invariance requires an infinite set of identities between the infinite set of renormalization constants. Using Ward identities in superspace, the same is derived. These identities at one loop level are also demonstrated.


The Electric Field At The Chargeless Interface Between Two Regions Of Space, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Robert Mcnees Dec 2015

The Electric Field At The Chargeless Interface Between Two Regions Of Space, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Robert Mcnees

Asim Gangopadhyaya

A common method for solving Poisson's equation in electrostatics is to patch together two or more solutions of Laplace's equation using boundary conditions on the potential and its gradient. Other methods may generate solutions without the need to check these conditions explicitly, and reconciling these solutions with the appropriate boundary conditions can be surprisingly subtle. As a result, a student may arrive at paradoxical conclusions—even in the case of elementary problems—that seem to be at odds with basic physical intuition. We illustrate this issue by showing how the potential of a uniformly charged ring appears to violate continuity of the …


Heterotic Conformal Field Theory And Gepner’S Construction, Darwin Chang, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Alok Kumar, Jin Wang Dec 2015

Heterotic Conformal Field Theory And Gepner’S Construction, Darwin Chang, Asim Gangopadhyaya, Alok Kumar, Jin Wang

Asim Gangopadhyaya

We discuss some general properties of heterotic conformal field theory in which conformal anomalies c are different for the left-moving and right-moving sectors. It is precisely this type of theory that can be applied immediately to the construction of heterotic string theory. We discuss a general way of constructing such a theory using free fermions. The construction is then applied to generalize Gepner's construction of superstring solutions using the tensor products of N=2 superconformal field theories.


The Surface Stability Of Cos2(100), Ning Wu, Renat F. Sabirianov, Chun-Gang Duan, Wai-Ning Mei, David Wisbey, Yaroslav B. Losovyj, M. Manno, C. Leighton, En Cai, Jiandi Zhang, Peter A. Dowben Dec 2015

The Surface Stability Of Cos2(100), Ning Wu, Renat F. Sabirianov, Chun-Gang Duan, Wai-Ning Mei, David Wisbey, Yaroslav B. Losovyj, M. Manno, C. Leighton, En Cai, Jiandi Zhang, Peter A. Dowben

Ning Wu

The stability of various possible terminations of the CoS2 (1 × 1) surface have been explored and theoretical expectations are found to agree with experiment. With extensive annealing, there is a phase separation at the (100) surface of CoS2. Sulfur segregation to the surface leads to a significant change in the largely sulfur bands due to changes in the hybridized bands, with cobalt. Resonant photoemission spectra indicate clearly that the hybridized cobalt and sulfur bands, characteristic of the CoS2 bulk, lie at higher binding energies than those of segregated sulfur layers. This is discussed in terms of the stability of …


Observation Of Transverse Spin-Dependent Azimuthal Correlations Of Charged Pion Pairs In P+P At √S=200  Gev, James K. Adkins, Renee H. Fatemi, Suvarna Ramachandran, L. Adamczyk, G. Agakishiev, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, I. Alekseev, J. Alford, A. Aparin, D. Arkhipkin, E. C. Aschenauer, G. S. Averichev Dec 2015

Observation Of Transverse Spin-Dependent Azimuthal Correlations Of Charged Pion Pairs In P↑+P At √S=200  Gev, James K. Adkins, Renee H. Fatemi, Suvarna Ramachandran, L. Adamczyk, G. Agakishiev, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, I. Alekseev, J. Alford, A. Aparin, D. Arkhipkin, E. C. Aschenauer, G. S. Averichev

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We report the observation of transverse polarization-dependent azimuthal correlations in charged pion pair production with the STAR experiment in p+p collisions at RHIC. These correlations directly probe quark transversity distributions. We measure signals in excess of 5 standard deviations at high transverse momenta, at high pseudorapidities η>0.5, and for pair masses around the mass of the ρ meson. This is the first direct transversity measurement in p+p collisions.


Black Holes, Wormholes, And Extra Dimensions, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton Dec 2015

Black Holes, Wormholes, And Extra Dimensions, Maria Babiuc-Hamilton

Physics Faculty Research

No abstract provided.


Hexagonal Rare-Earth Manganites As Promising Photovoltaics And Light Polarizers, Xin Huang, Tula R. Paudel, Shuai Dong, Evgeny Y. Tsymbal Dec 2015

Hexagonal Rare-Earth Manganites As Promising Photovoltaics And Light Polarizers, Xin Huang, Tula R. Paudel, Shuai Dong, Evgeny Y. Tsymbal

Evgeny Tsymbal Publications

Ferroelectric materials possess a spontaneous electric polarization and may be utilized in various technological applications ranging from nonvolatile memories to solar cells and light polarizers. Recently, hexagonal rareearth manganites, h-RMnO3 (R is a rare-earth ion), have attracted considerable interest due to their intricate multiferroic properties and improper ferroelectricity characterized by a sizable remnant polarization and high Curie temperature. Here we demonstrate that these compounds can serve as very efficient photovoltaic materials and, in addition, possess remarkable optical anisotropy properties. Using first-principles methods based on density functional theory and considering h-TbMnO3 as a representative …


Vanadium Oxide Thin-Film Variable Resistor-Based Rf Switches, Kuanchang Pan, Weisong Wang, Eunsung Shin, Kelvin Freeman, Guru Subramanyam Dec 2015

Vanadium Oxide Thin-Film Variable Resistor-Based Rf Switches, Kuanchang Pan, Weisong Wang, Eunsung Shin, Kelvin Freeman, Guru Subramanyam

Guru Subramanyam

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a unique phase change material (PCM) that possesses a metal-to-insulator transition property. Pristine VO2 has a negative temperature coefficient of resistance, and it undergoes an insulator-to-metal phase change at a transition temperature of 68°C. Such a property makes the VO2 thin-film-based variable resistor (varistor) a good candidate in reconfigurable electronics to be integrated with different RF devices such as inductors, varactors, and antennas. Series single-pole single-throw (SPST) switches with integrated VO2 thin films were designed, fabricated, and tested. The overall size of the device is 380 μm × 600 μm. The SPST switches were fabricated on …


A High Performance Ceramic-Polymer Separator For Lithium Batteries, Jitendra Kumar, Padmakar Kichambare, Amarendra K. Rai, Rabi Bhattacharya, Stanley J. Rodrigues, Guru Subramanyam Dec 2015

A High Performance Ceramic-Polymer Separator For Lithium Batteries, Jitendra Kumar, Padmakar Kichambare, Amarendra K. Rai, Rabi Bhattacharya, Stanley J. Rodrigues, Guru Subramanyam

Guru Subramanyam

A three-layered (ceramic-polymer-ceramic) hybrid separator was prepared by coating ceramic electrolyte [lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP)] over both sides of polyethylene (PE) polymer membrane using electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) technique. Ionic conductivities of membranes were evaluated after soaking PE and LAGP/PE/LAGP membranes in a 1 Molar (1M) lithium hexafluroarsenate (LiAsF6) electrolyte in ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) in volume ratio (1:1:1). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were employed to evaluate morphology and structure of the separators before and after cycling performance tests to better understand structure-property correlation. As compared …


Industry-University Collaboration: A University Of Dayton Model, Guru Subramanyam Dec 2015

Industry-University Collaboration: A University Of Dayton Model, Guru Subramanyam

Guru Subramanyam

This paper introduces industry-university collaboration activities currently in place at the University of Dayton's School of Engineering. These collaborations are important to prepare industry-ready graduates who excel in technical, entrepreneurial, and leadership skills. One of the key curricular components is the industry-sponsored multidisciplinary projects. Industry involvement in advisory committee, strategic research partnerships, and other forms are discussed.


The Schwarzschild Solution And Timelike Geodesics, Matthew B. Ross Dec 2015

The Schwarzschild Solution And Timelike Geodesics, Matthew B. Ross

Physics Capstone Projects

General Relativity is a major area of study in physics. It allows us to calculate the motion and interaction of particles in a non-Euclidean space-time. This presentation will examine the process of finding the Schwarzschild metric tensor field by finding a solution of the Einstein Equation for a non-rotating spherical mass. A general form of the Schwarzschild metric tenor field will be used to calculate the Riemann curvature tensor and subsequently the Ricci tensor and Ricci scalar which will be used to find a vacuum solution to the Einstein Equation. Once the solutions of the Einstein Equation are found, they …


Relative Proper Motions In The Rho Ophiuchi Cluster, Bruce Wilking, Frederick Vrba, Timothy Sullivan Dec 2015

Relative Proper Motions In The Rho Ophiuchi Cluster, Bruce Wilking, Frederick Vrba, Timothy Sullivan

Physics Faculty Works

Near-infrared images optimized for astrometry have been obtained for four fields in the high-density L 1688 cloud core over a 12 year period. The targeted regions include deeply embedded young stellar objects (YSOs) and very low luminosity objects too faint and/or heavily veiled for spectroscopy. Relative proper motions in R.A. and decl. were computed for 111 sources and again for a subset of 65 YSOs, resulting in a mean proper motion of (0,0) for each field. Assuming each field has the same mean proper motion, YSOs in the four fields were combined to yield estimates of the velocity dispersions in …


An Organic Mixed Ion-Electron Conductor For Power Electronics, Abdellah Malti, Jesper Edberg, Hjalmar Granberg, Zia Ullah Khan, Jens W. Andreasen, Xianjie Liu, Dan Zhao, Hao Zhang, Yulong Yao, Joseph W. Brill, Isak Engquist, Mats Fahlman, Lars Wågberg, Xavier Crispin, Magnus Berggren Dec 2015

An Organic Mixed Ion-Electron Conductor For Power Electronics, Abdellah Malti, Jesper Edberg, Hjalmar Granberg, Zia Ullah Khan, Jens W. Andreasen, Xianjie Liu, Dan Zhao, Hao Zhang, Yulong Yao, Joseph W. Brill, Isak Engquist, Mats Fahlman, Lars Wågberg, Xavier Crispin, Magnus Berggren

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

A mixed ionic–electronic conductor based on nanofibrillated cellulose composited with poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythio­phene):­poly(styrene-sulfonate) along with high boiling point solvents is demonstrated in bulky electrochemical devices. The high electronic and ionic conductivities of the resulting nanopaper are exploited in devices which exhibit record values for the charge storage capacitance (1F) in supercapacitors and transconductance (1S) in electrochemical transistors.


Methodology For Generating Simplified Cross Section Data Sets For Neutron Transport Calculations, Thomas Jay Harrison Dec 2015

Methodology For Generating Simplified Cross Section Data Sets For Neutron Transport Calculations, Thomas Jay Harrison

Doctoral Dissertations

Neutron shielding problems involve radiation transport calculations over a wide range of energies. Fission neutrons have initial energy on the order of MeV, fusion neutrons have initial energy on the order of 10s of MeV, and space-origin neutrons have initial energy on the order of 100s of MeV or higher. Shielding calculations must track the neutrons from their initial energies until they are no longer of interest; for deep-penetration neutrons, this final energy can be on the order of eV before the neutron is no longer tracked. Thus, for deep-penetration space radiation shielding problems, the calculation may require tracking the …


Terahertz Radiation From High-Temperature Superconducting Bscco Mesas Of Various Geometries, Daniel P. Cerkoney Dec 2015

Terahertz Radiation From High-Temperature Superconducting Bscco Mesas Of Various Geometries, Daniel P. Cerkoney

HIM 1990-2015

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the radiation from high-temperature superconducting mesas of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+ (BSCCO). This is motivated by the need for coherent sources of continuous wave terahertz (THz) emission capable of radiating practically in the THz frequency band. As BSCCO has been shown to be tunable from 0.5–2.4 THz (i.e., through the entire socalled terahertz gap centered about 1 THz), and has a higher peak operating temperature near 1 THz than most alternative sources, it is a good candidate for imaging and spectroscopy device applications [1]. When a static DC voltage is applied to a BSCCO mesa, …


Effective Field Theory Approach To Collective Motion In Atomic Nuclei, Eduardo Antonio Coello Perez Dec 2015

Effective Field Theory Approach To Collective Motion In Atomic Nuclei, Eduardo Antonio Coello Perez

Doctoral Dissertations

Collective motion in heavy nuclei has been studied within collective and algebraic models, and within density functional theory. While they reproduce the energy spectra of these systems, their predictions for some electromagnetic transitions and moments do not lie within experimental uncertainty; in other words, these predictions are inconsistent with experimental data. An effective field theory approach to collective motion in heavy nuclei solves this long standing problem. Based on symmetry arguments only, the effective field theories, constructed as expansions in powers of a small parameter, consistently describe the energy spectra of nuclei exhibiting collective motion at low order in the …


Solar Modulation Of The Cosmic Ray Intensity And The Measurement Of The Cerenkov Reemission In Nova’S Liquid Scintillator, Philip James Mason Dec 2015

Solar Modulation Of The Cosmic Ray Intensity And The Measurement Of The Cerenkov Reemission In Nova’S Liquid Scintillator, Philip James Mason

Doctoral Dissertations

The NOνA (NuMI Off-axis electron neutrino Appearance) experiment is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Its purpose is to observe the oscillation of νμ (muon neutrino) to νe (electron neutrino) and to investigate the neutrino mass hierarchy and CP violation in the neutrino sector. Two detectors have been built for this purpose, a Near Detector 300 feet underground at Fermilab, and a Far Detector, on the surface at Ash River, Minnesota.

The completion of NOνA’s Far Detector in October 2014 enabled not only the recent measurement of neutrino oscillations, but an array of …


The Effect Of Composition And Architecture On Polymer Behavior In Homopolymer Blends And Inter-Filament Bonding In 3d Printed Models, Edward Roy Duranty Dec 2015

The Effect Of Composition And Architecture On Polymer Behavior In Homopolymer Blends And Inter-Filament Bonding In 3d Printed Models, Edward Roy Duranty

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation presents work that increases our understanding of the effects of composition and architecture on copolymer structure and dynamics and how they affect material diffusion between filaments in a 3D printed model. Copolymers are polymer chains made up of at least two different monomers. The ordering and arrangement of the two monomer species within a copolymer can have drastic effects on the behavior and properties of the copolymer.

The first chapter of this dissertation examines how the copolymer composition affects the structure and dynamics of the chain in a homopolymer blend. This study used a modified Monte Carlo BFM …