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Articles 61 - 73 of 73
Full-Text Articles in Physics
Electrically Controlled Magnetism, Christian Binek, Xi He, Yi Wang, S. Sahoo
Electrically Controlled Magnetism, Christian Binek, Xi He, Yi Wang, S. Sahoo
Christian Binek
Manipulation of magnetically ordered states by electrical means is a promising approach towards novel spintronics devices. We report on the electric control of surface magnetism in Cr2O3 thin films and uniaxial anisotropy in ferroelectric/ferromagnetic heterostructures, respectively. Artificial magnetoelectricity is realized in a BaTiO3/Fe heterostructure. Here, thermally induced coercivity changes of the Fe hysteresis loop are used to derive the stress imposed by the ferroelectric BaTiO3 substrate on the adjacent Fe film. Electrically induced coercivity changes give rise to a giant magnetoelectric susceptibility in the vicinity of the magnetic coercive field.
The Implications Of A Robust Curriculum In Introductory Mechanics, Chance Hoellwarth, Matthew Moelter
The Implications Of A Robust Curriculum In Introductory Mechanics, Chance Hoellwarth, Matthew Moelter
Chance Hoellwarth
We have developed a curriculum for introductory mechanics that emphasizes interactive engagement and conceptual understanding using the studio format. As previously reported, we have shown in three different quarters that the curriculum much improved the students’ conceptual understanding compared to the traditional course without significantly affecting the scores on a traditional final exam. Here we report the results for the entire three-year period during which the course was taught, 34 sections of the course were taught with 11 different instructors to over 1200 students. In each term, these sections had common exams, syllabus, and schedule. Student experiences were very similar …
Efficiency And Reliability Of Epidemic Data Dissemination In Complex Networks, Y Moreno, M Nekovee, A Vespignani
Efficiency And Reliability Of Epidemic Data Dissemination In Complex Networks, Y Moreno, M Nekovee, A Vespignani
Alessandro Vespignani
We study the dynamics of epidemic spreading processes aimed at spontaneous dissemination of information updates in populations with complex connectivity patterns. The influence of the topological structure of the network in these processes is studied by analyzing the behavior of several global parameters, such as reliability, efficiency, and load. Large-scale numerical simulations of update-spreading processes show that while networks with homogeneous connectivity patterns permit a higher reliability, scale-free topologies allow for a better efficiency.
Modeling The Evolution Of Weighted Networks, A Barrat, M Barthelemy, A Vespignani
Modeling The Evolution Of Weighted Networks, A Barrat, M Barthelemy, A Vespignani
Alessandro Vespignani
We present a general model for the growth of weighted networks in which the structural growth is coupled with the edges' weight dynamical evolution. The model is based on a simple weight-driven dynamics and a weights' reinforcement mechanism coupled to the local network growth. That coupling can be generalized in order to include the effect of additional randomness and nonlinearities which can be present in real-world networks. The model generates weighted graphs exhibiting the statistical properties observed in several real-world systems. In particular, the model yields a nontrivial time evolution of vertices' properties and scale-free behavior with exponents depending on …
Energy Constrained Sandpile Models, A Chessa, E Marinari, A Vespignani
Energy Constrained Sandpile Models, A Chessa, E Marinari, A Vespignani
Alessandro Vespignani
We study two driven dynamical systems with conserved energy. The two automata contain the basic dynamical rules of the Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld sandpile model. In addition a global constraint on the energy contained in the lattice is imposed. In the limit of an infinitely slow driving of the system, the conserved energy E becomes the only parameter governing the dynamical behavior of the system. Both models show scale-fret behavior at a critical value E-c of the fixed energy. The scaling with respect to the relevant scaling field points out that the developing of critical correlations is in a different …
First-Order Transition In The Breakdown Of Disordered Media, S Zapperi, P Ray, H Stanley, A Vespignani
First-Order Transition In The Breakdown Of Disordered Media, S Zapperi, P Ray, H Stanley, A Vespignani
Alessandro Vespignani
We study the approach to global breakdown in disordered media driven by increasing external forces. We first analyze the problem by mean-field theory, showing that the failure process can be described as a first-order phase transition, similarly to the case of thermally activated fracture in homogeneous media. Then we quantitatively confirm the predictions of the mean-field theory using numerical simulations of discrete models. Widely distributed avalanches and the corresponding mean-field scaling are explained by the long-range nature of elastic interactions. We discuss the analogy of our results to driven disordered first-order transitions and spinodal nucleation in magnetic systems.
Diffusion Of Scientific Credits And The Ranking Of Scientists, Filippo Radicchi, Santo Fortunato, Benjamin Markines, Alessandro Vespignani
Diffusion Of Scientific Credits And The Ranking Of Scientists, Filippo Radicchi, Santo Fortunato, Benjamin Markines, Alessandro Vespignani
Alessandro Vespignani
Recently, the abundance of digital data is enabling the implementation of graph-based ranking algorithms that provide system level analysis for ranking publications and authors. Here, we take advantage of the entire Physical Review publication archive (1893-2006) to construct authors' networks where weighted edges, as measured from opportunely normalized citation counts, define a proxy for the mechanism of scientific credit transfer. On this network, we define a ranking method based on a diffusion algorithm that mimics the spreading of scientific credits on the network. We compare the results obtained with our algorithm with those obtained by local measures such as the …
Epidemic Dynamics In Finite Size Scale-Free Networks, R Pastor-Satorras, A Vespignani
Epidemic Dynamics In Finite Size Scale-Free Networks, R Pastor-Satorras, A Vespignani
Alessandro Vespignani
Many real networks present a bounded scale-free behavior with a connectivity cutoff due to physical constraints or a finite network size. We study epidemic dynamics in bounded scale-free networks with soft and hard connectivity cutoffs. The finite size effects introduced by the cutoff induce an epidemic threshold that approaches zero at increasing sizes. The induced epidemic threshold is very small even at a relatively small cutoff, showing that the neglection of connectivity fluctuations in bounded scale-free networks leads to a strong overestimation of the epidemic threshold. We provide the expression for the infection prevalence and discuss its finite size corrections. …
Corrections To Scaling In The Forest-Fire Model, R Pastor-Satorras, A Vespignani
Corrections To Scaling In The Forest-Fire Model, R Pastor-Satorras, A Vespignani
Alessandro Vespignani
We present a systematic study of corrections to scaling in the self-organized critical forest-fire model. The analysis of the steady-state condition for the density of trees allows us to pinpoint the presence of these corrections, which take the form of subdominant exponents modifying the standard finite-size scaling form. Applying an extended version of the moment analysis technique, we find the scaling region of the model and compute nontrivial corrections to scaling.
On The Influence Of Damping In Hyperbolic Equations With Parabolic Degeneracy, Ralph Saxton, Katarzyna Saxton
On The Influence Of Damping In Hyperbolic Equations With Parabolic Degeneracy, Ralph Saxton, Katarzyna Saxton
Ralph Saxton
This paper examines the effect of damping on a nonstrictly hyperbolic 2x2 system. It is shown that the growth of singularities is not restricted as in the strictly hyperbolic case where dissipation can be strong enough to preserve the smoothness of solutions globally in time. Here, irrespective of the stabilizing properties of damping, solutions are found to break down in finite time on a line where two eigenvalues coincide in state space.
Ftir Studies Of Pema/Pvdf-Hfp Blend Polymer Electrolyte System Incorporated With Licf3so3 Salt, Siti Rohana Majid, Sim L. N., Arof A. K.
Ftir Studies Of Pema/Pvdf-Hfp Blend Polymer Electrolyte System Incorporated With Licf3so3 Salt, Siti Rohana Majid, Sim L. N., Arof A. K.
Siti Rohana Majid
Poly(ethyl methacrylate), PEMA and poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene). PVdF-HFP have been chosen as hosts for the development of a polymer blend electrolyte system. Lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate), LiCF3SO3 is the lithium ion, Li+ provider. The ratio of PEMA:PVdF-HFP in the blend is fixed at 70:30 in order to obtain transparent films with good mechanical stability. The polymers and LiCF3SO3 salt have been refluxed for 2 h at temperatures between 55 and 65 degrees C. The concentration of LiCF3SO3 salt has been varied from 0 to 40 wt.%. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has shown that blending between PEMA and PVdF-HFP has occurred from the …
Pmma-Libob Gel Electrolyte For Application In Lithium Ion Batteries, Siti Rohana Majid, Kufian M. Z., Aziz M. F., Shukur M. F., Rahim A. S., Ariffin N. E., Shuhaimi N. E. A., Yahya R., Arof A. K.
Pmma-Libob Gel Electrolyte For Application In Lithium Ion Batteries, Siti Rohana Majid, Kufian M. Z., Aziz M. F., Shukur M. F., Rahim A. S., Ariffin N. E., Shuhaimi N. E. A., Yahya R., Arof A. K.
Siti Rohana Majid
Different amounts of lithium bis(oxalato) borate (LiBOB) have been added into a mixture of equal weights of ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC). The variation of molar conductivity of the LiBOB based liquid electrolyte with square root of salt concentration obeys the weak electrolyte theory. The 0.6 M LiBOB in EC/PC liquid electrolyte with highest room temperature conductivity of 4.8 mS cm(-1) was chosen for further work. 10 to 50 wt.% PMMA was added to this composition and heated between 343 and 353 K for 20 min to obtain the gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). Due to its dry state …
Graphene Oxide And Its Electrochemical Performance, Siti Rohana Majid, Ban F. Y., Huang N. M., Lim H. N.
Graphene Oxide And Its Electrochemical Performance, Siti Rohana Majid, Ban F. Y., Huang N. M., Lim H. N.
Siti Rohana Majid
In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized from graphite flakes using simplified Hummer's method. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) image showed that the GO nanosheets had an average area 7000 mu m(2) with lateral dimension of up to 150 mu m. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern revealed a (002) diffraction peak, signifying the successful synthesis of GO. GO solution was cast on an aluminum (Al) foil placed in a petri dish and left to dry to form an electrode made up of GO film on the Al foil (GO-Al). It was found that GO-Al exhibited equivalent series resistance …