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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Physics
Exploring Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (Libs) For Post-Detonation Nuclear Forensics Debris Analysis, Justin Knoll, Chad Schools, David Fobar
Exploring Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (Libs) For Post-Detonation Nuclear Forensics Debris Analysis, Justin Knoll, Chad Schools, David Fobar
Purdue Workshop on Nonproliferation: Technology and Approaches
In the unlikely but catastrophic event of a nuclear terrorist attack our government leadership will need reliable information to rapidly inform critical decisions. This research explores the use of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) as a potential analysis tool in the National Technical Nuclear Forensics process. The current state of post detonation nuclear forensics requires ground and air samples be collected and shipped to state-of-the-art laboratories for radiochemical analysis. The samples undergo many measurements and useable data is produced as these measurements are completed. This data flows back into the process to guide additional measurements and inform the process of …
Majorana Spin-Flip Transition In The Alpha Magnetic Trap, Miguel Alarcon, Colin Riggert, Francis Robicheaux
Majorana Spin-Flip Transition In The Alpha Magnetic Trap, Miguel Alarcon, Colin Riggert, Francis Robicheaux
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
The main purpose of the ALPHA collaboration is to trap antihydrogen atoms so that the Charge Conjugation-Parity Transformation-Time Reversal (CPT) symmetry can be tested. The trapping mechanism consists on an octupole magnet that traps the atoms near the magnetic field minima. Once trapped, due to the Majorana spin-flip effect, atoms can escape by changing the orientation of its spin. The magnetic field generated by the octupole magnet present in the trap has multiple zeroes of different orders. These zeroes could affect the probability of a spin flip, and therefore alter the number of escaped atoms. The main problem tackled by …
Raman Spectroscopy Of Oxygen Evolution Catalysts And Psii Manganese Model Compounds, Sergei Shmakov, Daniel A. Hartzler, Alireza Karbakhsh Ravari, Yulia Pushkar
Raman Spectroscopy Of Oxygen Evolution Catalysts And Psii Manganese Model Compounds, Sergei Shmakov, Daniel A. Hartzler, Alireza Karbakhsh Ravari, Yulia Pushkar
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Photosynthesis is the basis of life on earth, and oxygen evolution catalysts are key components of this complicated, yet not fully understood process. Photosystem II, a large membrane bound pigment-protein complex, is the key system that facilitates oxygenic photosynthesis via the oxygen evolving complex (a natural oxygen evolving catalyst). It is a key component in oxygen producing catalysts, which can be used in fields such as energy production and biomimetic catalysts. The oxygen evolution cycle, or Kok cycle going within it is still not studied completely. In this project, we were studying the vibrational (and structural) state of a Manganese …
A Measuring Method For Abundance Of Uranium Components Based On Active Source Of Neutron, Li Li, Gen Hu, Keqi Liu
A Measuring Method For Abundance Of Uranium Components Based On Active Source Of Neutron, Li Li, Gen Hu, Keqi Liu
The 8th International Conference on Physical and Numerical Simulation of Materials Processing
No abstract provided.
Photonicstd-2d: Modeling Light Scattering In Periodic Multilayer Photonic Structures, Alexey Bondarev, Shaimaa Azzam, Zhaxylyk Kudyshev, Alexander V. Kildishev
Photonicstd-2d: Modeling Light Scattering In Periodic Multilayer Photonic Structures, Alexey Bondarev, Shaimaa Azzam, Zhaxylyk Kudyshev, Alexander V. Kildishev
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Efficient modeling of electromagnetic processes in optical and plasmonic metamaterials is important for enabling new and exciting ways to manipulate light for advanced applications. In this work, we put together a tool for numerical simulation of propagation of normally incident light through a nanostructured multilayer composite material. The user builds a unit cell of a given material layer-by-layer starting from a substrate up to a superstrate, splitting each layer further into segments. The segments are defined by width and material -- dielectric, metal or active medium. Simulations are performed with the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. A database of …
Using Dissipative Particle Dynamics For Modeling Surfactants, Yuchen Zhang, Arezoo M. Ardekani
Using Dissipative Particle Dynamics For Modeling Surfactants, Yuchen Zhang, Arezoo M. Ardekani
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Oil recovery is an industrial process that injects aqueous solutions into an oil reservoir to pump out crude oil and promote the oil production. The aqueous solution contains surfactants for reducing the interfacial tension (IFT) between aqueous phase and oil. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) is the concentration of surfactant above which micelles form and the interfacial tension reaches a plateau. Our research seeks to measure IFT and CMC for surfactants using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) technique, which is a coarse-grained method based on the molecular dynamics. We first study how IFT is influenced by the surfactant concentration. Furthermore, another …
Experimental Design And Construction For Critical Velocity Measurement In Spin-Orbit Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates, Ting-Wei Hsu, Yong P. Chen
Experimental Design And Construction For Critical Velocity Measurement In Spin-Orbit Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates, Ting-Wei Hsu, Yong P. Chen
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Quantum simulation using ultra-cold atoms, such as Bose-Einstein Condensates (BECs), offers a very flexible and well controlled environment to simulate physics in different systems. For example, to simulate the effects of spin orbit coupling (SOC) on electrons in solid state systems, we can make a SOC BEC which mimics the behavior of SOC electrons. The goal of this project is to see how the superfluid property of BECs change in the presence of SOC. In particular, we plan to measure the critical velocity of an 87Rb BEC with and without SOC by stirring it with a laser. This laser needs …
Experimental Constraints On Exotic Spin-Dependent Interactions Using Specialized Materials, Rakshya Khatiwada
Experimental Constraints On Exotic Spin-Dependent Interactions Using Specialized Materials, Rakshya Khatiwada
Open Access Dissertations
Various theories predict the possible existence of symmetry violating forces with mesoscopic range interactions from mm-m [1]. These forces can arise from the coupling of a spin 0 boson to spin 1/2 fermions through scalar (gs) and pseudoscalar (gp) couplings. We discuss two experiments that can investigate these interactions using nucleon rich, impressively low magnetic susceptibility (5-100 times lower than pure water) test masses and electron-spin rich, polarized test masses (spin density: 10^20 h/cm3 ). The first experiment looks for a P-odd, T-odd interaction potential proportional to (S.r) where S is the spin of one particle and r is the …
Efficient And Coherent Frequency Conversions And Nonlinear Interference In Optical Parametric And Atomic Raman Processes, Yu Ding
Open Access Dissertations
By implementing a parametric down-conversion process with a strong signal field injection, we demonstrate that frequency down-conversion from pump photons to idler photons can be a coherent process. Contrary to a common misconception, we show that the process can be free of quantum noise. With an interference experiment, we demonstrate that coherence is preserved in the conversion process. This technique could lead to a high-fidelity quantum state transfer from a high-frequency photon to a low-frequency photon and connect a missing link in quantum networks. ^ Coherent and efficient nonlinear interaction and frequency conversion are of great interest in many areas …
Quantum Mechanics In Complex Systems, Ross Douglas Hoehn
Quantum Mechanics In Complex Systems, Ross Douglas Hoehn
Open Access Dissertations
This document should be considered in its separation; there are three distinct topics contained within and three distinct chapters within the body of works. In a similar fashion, this abstract should be considered in three parts. Firstly, we explored the existence of multiply-charged atomic ions by having developed a new set of dimensional scaling equations as well as a series of relativistic augmentations to the standard dimensional scaling procedure and to the self-consistent field calculations. Secondly, we propose a novel method of predicting drug efficacy in hopes to facilitate the discovery of new small molecule therapeutics by modeling the agonist-protein …
Theory Of Density Functionals, Martin A. Mosquera-Tabares
Theory Of Density Functionals, Martin A. Mosquera-Tabares
Open Access Dissertations
Density functional theory is an alternative quantum mechanical theory that offers simple ways of performing calculations of the electronic properties of matter. Many different methods derive from density functional theory. The most appealing for its simplicity and rigor is the theory of Kohn and Sham. In this thesis I propose new methods in density-functional theory that are helpful to address some important problems in the application of the local-density approximation within Kohn-Sham DFT to the analysis of ground-states and dynamical properties of electronic systems.
Optical Spectroscopy And Langmuir Probe Diagnostics Of Microwave Plasma In Synthesis Of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials, Alfredo D. Tuesta
Optical Spectroscopy And Langmuir Probe Diagnostics Of Microwave Plasma In Synthesis Of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials, Alfredo D. Tuesta
Open Access Dissertations
Along with the revolutionary discovery and development of carbon nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes and graphitic sheets, has arrived the potential for their application in the fields of medicine, bioscience and engineering due to their exceptional structural, thermal and electrical properties. As roll-to-roll plasma deposition systems begin to provide means for large scale production of these nanodevices, a detailed understanding of the environment responsible for their synthesis is imperative in order to more accurately design and control the growth of carbon nanodevices. To date, the understanding of the chemistry and kinetics that govern the synthesis of carbon nanodevices is only …
Double-Pulse Nd:Yag-Co2 Libs Excitation For Bulk And Trace Analytes, Jason R. Becker, Patrick Skrodzki, Prasoon Diwakar, Sivanandan Harilal, Ahmed Hassanein
Double-Pulse Nd:Yag-Co2 Libs Excitation For Bulk And Trace Analytes, Jason R. Becker, Patrick Skrodzki, Prasoon Diwakar, Sivanandan Harilal, Ahmed Hassanein
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy [LIBS] is a commonly used technique for multi-element analyses for various applications such as space exploration, nuclear forensics, environmental analysis, process monitoring. The advantages of the LIBS technique include robustness, ease of use, field portability, and real-time, non-invasive multi-element analyses. However, in comparison to other lab based analytical techniques, it suffers from low precision and low sensitivity. In order to overcome these drawbacks, various approaches have been used, including double-pulse LIBS [DPLIBS]. Typically, various wavelength combinations of two Nd: yttrium aluminum garnet [YAG] lasers have been used for DPLIBS. However, the use of long wavelength (CO2 …
Doube-Pulse Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Of Multi-Element Sample Containing Low- And High-Z Analytes, Patrick J. Skrodzki, Jason R. Becker, Prasoon K. Diwakar Ph. D., Sivanandan S. Harilal Ph. D., Ahmed Hassanein Ph. D.
Doube-Pulse Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Of Multi-Element Sample Containing Low- And High-Z Analytes, Patrick J. Skrodzki, Jason R. Becker, Prasoon K. Diwakar Ph. D., Sivanandan S. Harilal Ph. D., Ahmed Hassanein Ph. D.
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a portable, remote, non-invasive analytical technique which effectively distinguishes neutral and ionic species for a range of low- to high-Z elements in a multi-element target. Subsequently, LIBS holds potential in special nuclear material (SNM) sensing and nuclear forensics requiring minimal sample preparation and detecting isotopic shifts which allows for differentiation in SNM (namely U) enrichment levels. Feasible applications include not only nonproliferation and homeland security but also nuclear fuel prospecting and industrial safeguard endorsement. Elements of higher mass with complex atomic structures, such as U, however, result in crowded emission spectra with LIBS, and characteristic …
Nickel Aluminum Shape Memory Alloys Via Molecular Dynamics, Keith Ryan Morrison
Nickel Aluminum Shape Memory Alloys Via Molecular Dynamics, Keith Ryan Morrison
Open Access Theses
Shape memory materials are an important class of active materials with a wide range of applications in the aerospace, biomedical, and automobile industries. These materials exhibit the two unique properties of shape memory and superelasticity. Shape memory is the ability to recover its original shape by applying heat after undergoing large deformations. Superelasticity is the ability to undergo large, reversible deformations (up to 10%) that revert back when the load is removed. These special properties originate from a reversible, diffusionless solid-solid phase transformation that occurs between a high temperature austenite phase and a low temperature martensite phase. The development of …
Measurement Of A Weak Transition Moment Using Coherent Control, Dionysios Antypas
Measurement Of A Weak Transition Moment Using Coherent Control, Dionysios Antypas
Open Access Dissertations
We have developed a two-pathway Coherent Control technique for measurements of weak optical transition moments. We demonstrate this technique through a measurement of the transition moment of the highly-forbidden magnetic dipole transition between the 6s2S1/21/2 and 7s2S1/21/2 states in atomic Cesium. The experimental principle is based on a two-pathway excitation, using two phase-coherent laser fields, a fundamental field at 1079 nm and its second harmonic at 539.5 nm. The IR field induces a strong two-photon transition, while the 539.5 nm field drives a pair of weak one-photon transitions: a Stark-induced transition of …
Experimental Studies Of Lirb: Spectroscopy And Ultracold Molecule Formation By Photoassociation, Sourav Dutta
Experimental Studies Of Lirb: Spectroscopy And Ultracold Molecule Formation By Photoassociation, Sourav Dutta
Open Access Dissertations
Heteronuclear polar molecules have recently attracted enormous attention owing to their ground state having a large electric dipole moment. The long range anisotropic dipole-dipole interaction in such systems is the basis for a variety of applications including quantum computing, precision measurements, ultracold chemistry and quantum simulations. Heteronuclear bi-alkali molecules, only a small subset of polar molecules, have received special attention mainly because the constituent alkali atoms are easy to laser cool and can be relatively easily associated to form molecules at ultracold temperatures. Our choice, the LiRb molecule, is motivated by the relatively high dipole moment (4.1 Debye) of the …
Applicability Of Continuum Fracture Mechanics In Atomistic Systems, Shao-Huan Cheng
Applicability Of Continuum Fracture Mechanics In Atomistic Systems, Shao-Huan Cheng
Open Access Dissertations
By quantitating the amplitude of the unbounded stress, the continuum fracture mechanics defines the stress intensity factor K to characterize the stress and displacement fields in the vicinity of the crack tip, thereby developing the relation between the stress singularity and surface energy (energy release rate G). This G-K relation, assigning physical meaning to the stress intensity factor, makes these two fracture parameters widely used in predicting the onset of crack propagation. However, due to the discrete nature of the atomistic structures without stress singularity, there might be discrepancy between the failure prediction and the reality of nanostructured materials. Defining …