Other Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Linkages Of The 2022 Unprecedented Global Heatwave Events To Triple-Dip La Niña, Sachi Perera, Joshua B. Fisher, Mohamed Allali, Hesham El-Askary

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Heatwaves are influenced significantly by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which alters temperature and precipitation patterns throughout the world. Since 2020, we have witnessed a "triple dip" La Niña conditions persisting for three consecutive years resulting in severe weather and climate driven events globally. In this study, we identified the dominant frequency of Niño 3.4 Sea Surface Temperature (SST) signals and correlated them with regions experiencing unprecedented heat waves in 2022, namely, the Indian Ocean, the North Atlantic around England and Spain, and the Mediterranean Sea. The signal's power spectrum and its three highest power components are determined based on the …

Sulfate Enhances The Adsorption And Retention Of Cu(Ii) And Zn(Ii) To Dispersed And Aggregated Iron Oxyhydroxide Nanoparticles, Emma M. Kocik, Abigail Kim, Miranda L. Aiken, Lauren Smith, Christopher S. Kim

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

The adsorption and retention of metal ions to nanoscale iron (hydr)oxides in aqueous systems is significantly influenced by prevailing environmental conditions. We examined the influence of sulfate, the second most common anion in seawater that is present in many other natural aquatic systems, on the adsorption and retention of Cu(II) and Zn(II) to synthetic iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles (NPs) and their aggregates. Batch uptake experiments with monodisperse NPs and NPs aggregated by changes in pH, ionic strength, and temperature were conducted over sulfate concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.30 M. The introduction of 0.03 M sulfate significantly increased the initial adsorption …

Pices At 32: An External Review, Eileen E. Hofmann, David Checkley, Fangli Qiao, Jörn Schmidt, Sinjae Yoo

CCPO Publications

[Introduction] The North Pacific Marine Science Organization (Pacific ICES, PICES) has been an effective voice and proponent for North Pacific marine science for more than 30 years. During this time, PICES has provided a safe and active venue for the open exchange of science, developed an international science network that includes participants from academic and government institutions, and non- and inter-governmental organizations, and has taken on leadership roles in studying North Pacific ecosystems.

A Strategic Framework For Estimating International Container Flows: An Empirical Study, Dung-Ying Lin, Hsin-Chun Huang, Steven Travis Waller, Xiang Zhang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Maritime transportation is a highly complex transportation system that plays a pivotal role in international trade. Its low-cost and high-volume advantages have enabled it to cover most of the world’s cargo transportation. However, with the trend of global trade volume increasing almost every year and the recent congestion of ports due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the chaos in global supply chains not only increases operating costs for shippers but also makes it difficult for countries that rely heavily on port trade to plan for their ports’ future. To develop a strategic analytic tool to estimate container flow in liner shipping, …

Exploring Market Segmentation For Autonomous Ferries, Ashari Fitra Rachmannullah, Taih Cherng Lirn, Kuo Chung Shang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This study aims to investigate the determinants that underlie psychographic segmentation in the domain of autonomous ferries (AFs) by using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) as a guiding theoretical construct. The paper focuses on Indonesian individuals who had previously utilised conventional ferry services. TPB was applied as a catalyst to identify possible market segmentation among potential AF passengers. In this study, cluster analysis is used to differentiate passengers by their perception of using AFs. The results identified three market segments through cluster analysis based on passengers’ perceptions of using AFs: Resource-Limited, Resource-Capable, and Value-Optimistic. Among these segments, the Resource-Capable …

Adaptive Prediction Horizon Energy-Saving Collision-Free Mpc Of Ships Based On Ship-Shore Cooperation, Han Xue, Enjie Yang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

ABSTRACT:In order to perform the close association between ship maneuvering control and energy consumption through the control strategy, this paper designs an adaptive prediction horizon based energy-saving robust nonlinear model predictive control (APHERNMPC) for underactuated ships to deal with the actual control and state constraints during berthing based on ship-shore cooperation. An improved Emperor Penguin Optimizer (EPO) method is proposed for collision avoidance decision. To solve the problems of falling into local optimum and reducing the convergence speed, the traditional EPO is improved based on Sobol sequence in order to enhance the diversity and ergodicity of the population. The multi-ship …

Research And Design A Lifeboat Virtual Reality Simulation System For Maritime Safety Training In Vietnam, Nguyen Dinh Thach, Nguyen Van Hung

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Ensuring maritime safety and security is crucial for all nations. Training trainees and operational officers in this field aims to enhance their professional skills and ability to manage and resolve incidents at sea. This article outlines the development of a lifeboat simulation system that integrates Virtual Reality (VR) technology in accordance with international maritime regulations. It describes the creation of an algorithm designed to optimize data transmission between simulation systems using the ant colony optimization technique in conjunction with intelligent control algorithms on Unity 3D software for human interaction. In particular, the system combines training with a maritime simulation framework …

Fretting Corrosion Wear Of Titanium-Based Alloy (Ti-6al-4v) In 0.9 Wt.% Nacl Solution, Chen-En Lu, Wen-Ken Li, Hung-Hua Sheu, Jeou-Long Lee, Hung-Bin Lee

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this study, a high precision fretting tribo-corrosion tester used to analyze the wear and corrosion behavior of Ti alloys in a fretting motion condition. The tester, operated in a ball-on-plate mode, was employed in the fretting corrosion study of metallic bio-materials (Ti and Ti-6Al-4V) under different loads (0 and 10 N), electrolytes (0.9 wt% NaCl and SBF) and fixed displacement frequency (1 Hz). Using profilometer, optical microscope in the experimental analysis and three-body mechanism in the theoretical analysis, the fretting corrosion performances of these bio-medical metals, such as velocity accommodation characteristics, friction, wear, and scratch profile were examined in …

A New-Type Deep Learning Model Based On Shapley Regulation For Containerized Freight Index Prediction, Yen-Chang Shih, Ming-Shue Lin, Taih-Cherng Lirn, Jih-Gau Juang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In this study, we have crafted an innovative methodology that represents a groundbreaking synthesis of deep learning techniques with cooperative game theory. In this study, we use the accuracy of data prediction by different LSTM models as a measurement index and assign different LSTM models corresponding weights through the Shapley value calculation method to construct a more accurate predictive analysis model. We use this improved Shapley regulation model to calibrate a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network by using historical freight data to predict the China Container Freight Index (CCFI), the leading export container freight index commonly used in China. …

Applicability Of Reducing Valve Timing Overlap For Diesel Engines Under High Exhaust Back Pressure, Chien-Cheng Chen, Yuan-Liang Jeng, Shun-Chang Yen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The exhaust back pressure of diesel engines becomes increasing higher nowadays. As an example, the De-NOx system and DE-SOx system necessitated by the increasingly stringent emission standards, would result in increased exhaust back pressure for those diesel engines adopting such systems. Some ships adopt underwater exhaust system to save space on the working deck and to reduce noise and air pollution, while the hydrostatic pressure under water level has made the exhaust back pressure of diesel engines getting much higher. Under high exhaust back pressure, to keep discharging exhaust unhindered and operating smoothly for diesel engine, it often results in …

Elimination Of Noise In A Ship Cabin Using Multi-Layered Acoustic Boards: An Apso And Sa Approach, Min-Chie Chiu, Ho-Chih Cheng

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

A high level of noise, combined with pure tones, is often encountered in ship's cabins, leading to severe psychological and physiological issues for the crew. To address this problem, an indoor noise abatement solution becomes necessary that utilizes efficient acoustic boards integrated with resonators, positioned along the inner walls of the cabin. However, the thickness of the acoustic boards must be strictly limited due to maintenance and operational considerations. This limitation results in insufficient sound absorption capabilities and a restricted range of tuned frequencies, as the resonating frequency of a standard Helmholtz resonator is closely tied to its cavity. A …

Numerical Study On The Aerodynamic Performance Of Four Flettner Rotors By Varying Distance And Spin Ratio, Janghoon Seo, Dong-Woo Park

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The Flettner rotor is a wind-assisted propulsion system applied in eco-friendly ship to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As the requirements of international regulations on greenhouse gas emissions become increasingly strict, multiple Flettner rotors are being applied, necessitating the evaluation of their performance with varying design parameters. The present study focuses on the aerodynamic performances of four Flettner rotors with variable design parameters of distance and spin ratio. Distances and spin ratios, including relative spin ratios, are considered. The drag and lift coefficients and lift-to-drag ratio of Flettner rotors are determined using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and the associated flow fields …

Underwater Image Enhancement Algorithm For Dual Color Spaces, Xingsheng Shen, Yalin Song, Shichang Li, Xiaoshu Hu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Targeting issues related to low contrast, blurring, and loss of detail prevalent in underwater image enhancement algorithms, we propose a dual-color space multiscale residual network (DMR-SCNet) based on SCNet. First, we introduce the HSV color space feature extraction module, which aims to optimize the color representation and saturation of underwater images. Subsequently, we propose the RGB color space denoising module, which focuses on repairing the content and structure of underwater images to enhance their clarity and visual quality. Finally, by designing the residual attention (RAB) module, we aim to further refine the detailed representation and feature extraction of underwater images. …

A Novel Identity Authentication Mechanism For Unmanned Maritime Vessels Communication Based On Mitre Att&Ck Framework, Junxian He, Shih-Hao Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

With the development of the smart shipping industry, unmanned vessel technology is rapidly evolving, accompanied by a demand for robust Internet of Things (IoT) communication security practices. Key communication technologies for the operation of unmanned vessels include external vessel communication. One crucial aspect is the verification of the identities of the parties involved in these communication systems, as this ensures secure and trusted interactions between unmanned vessels and port management authorities. Identity authentication plays a vital role in ensuring the secure communication of unmanned vessels.This paper aims to analyze potential risks related to identity authentication technology in unmanned vessel communication …

Corrigendum To “Applicability Of Reducing Valve Timing Overlap For Diesel Engines Under High Exhaust Back Pressure”

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

No abstract provided.

Distribution And Population Structure Of Corallivorous Drupella Snails In The Coral Reefs Of Kenting In Taiwan, Chih-Jui Tan, Dun-Ru Kang, Li-Lian Liu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The corallivorous Drupella snails are common predators of living hard corals in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, and they can significantly threaten coral reef ecosystems when outbreaks occur. In Taiwan, a Drupella outbreak, which resulted in the dramatic decline of Acropora and Montipora corals, was reported in Penghu in 2002 – 2009. However, the Drupella species involved was not identified, and no further research has been conducted. To obtain current knowledge on the predation pressure of corallivorous snails on hard corals, we investigated benthic communities and the distribution and population structure of Drupella snails in the coral reefs of Kenting, Taiwan. The …

Evaluating The Connectivity Reliability Of The Seaborne Transportation Network Using Uncertainty Theory, Tianshou Liu, Haiyang Bian, Lin Feng, Chenyang Fan, Chaojun Ding, Grifoll Manel, Hongxiang Feng

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The shipping network serves as the backbone of international trade. However, due to unstable geopolitical conditions, unexpected events have occurred frequently in recent years that have impacted the global shipping supply chain, and this has placed enormous pressure and had adverse effects on seaborne transportation. To measure the reliability of the global shipping network under unexpected events, we abstract the global shipping network into a small world network using uncertainty theory. A method is proposed for selecting (i) the optimal reliable path and (ii) the optimal reliable path with a maximum measurement under different confidence intervals. Our approach is then …

Mechanical Property Analysis And Three-Dimensional Reverse Reconstruction Based On Corrosion Pit Characteristics Of Strong Corrosion Steel Plate, Qiujun Ning, Xiaosong Lu, Jiawei Lu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

To investigate the strong corrosion effect of 36% industrial hydrochloric acid on Q370 steel for bridges at room temperature. The surface morphology variations of the Q370 steel for bridges with corrosion time were measured and analyzed using a three-dimensional non-contact scanning profilometer. Subsequently, the standard monotonic tensile test was carried out to obtain the load-displacement curve and analyze the mechanical properties of the heavily corroded steel. Moreover, the constitutive model parameters of the heavily corroded steel were optimized. Furthermore, the heavily corroded steel model base on the actual corroded surface morphology was established, employing three-dimensional reverse reconstruction technology and finite …

Sea Ice Identification And Risk Assessment For Navigation In Ice Regions Based On Shipboard Camera Images, Tsung-Hsuan Hsieh, Xuan Lu, Shengzheng Wang, Wei Liu, Jianan Luo

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

In order to guarantee the safe navigation of vessels in icy regions and effectively capture sea ice risk information surrounding ships, this study introduces a sea ice identification and risk assessment process utilizing shipboard camera images. Firstly, based on the distribution characteristics of sea area, a hierarchical region segmentation algorithm is proposed to precisely remove interference factors and extract the region of interest. Then, a multivariate K-means clustering algorithm is proposed to classify sea ice classes based on various characteristics, including spatial similarity, sea ice area, sea ice thickness, gray scale, and other multivariate information. Finally, a method for small …

Optimization On Container Drayage Scheduling In Stochastic Time-Dependent Network, Qi Xu, Jie Huang, Xingyue Chen, Rui Cheng, Xiangyu Yin, Zhongzhen Yang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

To ensure a reliable operation of container drayage transport system, this paper investigates the drayage scheduling problem in a stochastic time-dependent network. Based on the theory of the robust optimization, a mathematical model considering the attributes of “synchronized operation of multi machines” is built with the aim of minimization of the schedule delay in the whole system. A Simulated Annealing algorithm with Embedded Heuristics (SAEH) is designed for model solution. Comparisons between the results from the robust optimization and traditional expected value approach, and the results from the SAEH and CPLEX are conducted. Based on that, the effectiveness of our …

Offshore Vertical Axis Wind-Photovoltaic Power Plants: Development And Case Study, Victor V. Cheboxarov, Pavel N. Kuznetsov, Shun-Han Yang, Shiu-Wu Chau

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper examines the potential for the development and implementation of hybrid wind-solar power plants utilizing large-scale offshore vertical-axis wind turbines. The proposed solution aims to increase energy production and reliability through the integration of photovoltaic modules directly into the wind turbine structure. Schematics of photovoltaic modules on the upper annular surface of the respective wind turbine are considered. The operation of the hybrid power plant is described. Equations to estimate the power characteristics of the plant are given. The case study analyzes the potential energy production of a hybrid marine power plant with a diameter of 200 m at …

Harvest By Autoflocculation, Biomass, And Carotenoid Production In Sequential Batch Culture Of Haematococcus Pluvialis Under High Ionic Strength And Macroelements Content, J. Galán-González, I. Quintero-Zapata, M Elías-Santos, L.J. Galán-Wong, U.J. López-Chuken, C Guajardo-Barbosa, J.C Beltrán-Rocha

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Haematococcus pluvialis is a microalga with significant potential due to its capacity to produce carotenoids with antioxidant and nutraceutical benefits. However, the cost of harvesting this microalga, constituting over 30% of total expenses in large-scale production, is a major concern. Efficient flocculation, aiding in cell separation from the culture medium, is crucial to address this issue. The study contrasted Bold’s Basal Medium (BBM) with Lopez-Chuken & Young nutrient solution (LC-Y). The heightened salt content in LC-Y plays a crucial role in fostering saline stress, which is essential for evaluating H. pluvialis flocculation, biomass yield, and carotenoid production. To assess stability …

Research Progress On Ship Trajectory Prediction In Marine Transportation, Xiangen Bai, Kai Ye, Xiaofeng Xu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The prediction of ship navigation trajectories is crucial for ensuring maritime navigation safety and forecasting risk. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the prediction of ship navigation trajectories at home and abroad, and some results have been achieved. At present, most research on ship navigation trajectory prediction relies heavily on automatic identification system (AIS) data and the historical trajectories of ships. This study first reviews the research background and current situation of ship navigation trajectory prediction. Second, it provides an overview of ship navigation trajectory prediction, with an emphasis on sorting out and elaborating on artificial intelligence …

Numerical Investigations On Particle Collection And Discharge Of Rounded Rectangle Aquaculture Tank In Dual-Diagonal-Inlet Layout, Xiaozhong Ren, Shupeng Du, Hangfei Liu, Xianying Shi, Meng Li, Xian Wang, Suping Liu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

To improve the space utilization rate of aquaculture tanks in aquaculture facilities and investigate the effect of the length-width ratio parameter (abbr. L/W, with L being the length of the tank and W being its width) on the particle collection and discharge characteristics of the rounded rectangle aquaculture tank with diagonal double inlet pipes. The study simulates the particle discharge procedure of the tank using a solidliquid two-phase numerical model (discrete phase model and RNG k-ε turbulence model adopted). The validity of the numerical model was confirmed through physical experiments. The simulation results for two jet condition indicate that when …

A Preliminary Study On Floating Flexible Otec Cold Water Pipe, Nai Kuang Liang, Hai Kuan Peng

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) requires a large amount of cold seawater. The traditional rigid pipe, semi-rigidly fixed onto the ship bottom is not easy to install and disassemble, so the Floating Flexible Cold Water Pipe (FFCWP) flexibly connected to the ship is proposed. A small FFCWP was designed, fabricated, and successfully installed and recovered in the sea. The flexible pipe adopts commercially available fire ventilation snake pipe. The pipe wall material strength must be improved in the future. Assuming that the drag coefficient Cd value is 1.5, a numerical calculation is employed to simulate the FFCWP attitude from the …

Machine Learning With Multi-Source Data To Predict And Explain Marine Pilot Occupational Accidents, Gokhan Camliyurt, Youngsoo Park, Daewon Kim, Won Sik Kang, Sangwon Park

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Marine pilot occupational accidents during transfer to/from ships are the primary concern of the International Marine Pilots’ Association (IMPA) and industry professionals. There are multiple transfer methods for marine pilots, with the most common being the pilot boat. To reach the mother ship bridge, the following stages must be safely completed: car transfer, walking on the pier, pier to pilot boat, pilot transfer by boat, cutter to pilot ladder, mother ship freeboard climbing, and ship deck to the bridge. Each stage has its own risk. Previous accident records and expert opinions are commonly used to conduct a risk analysis and …

Evaluation Of Operational Performance Of Wusongkou Cruise Port Through Network Data Envelopment Analysis, Qian-Feng Wang, Guo-Ya Gan, Xin-Liang Ye, Hsuan-Shih Lee

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

As major hubs for cruise berthing and passenger transfers, cruise ports in China were developing rapidly in the years before the COVID-19 pandemic because of an ever-growing regional market. Wusongkou Cruise Port is the most important port for cruise ships in China, and this study evaluated the operational performance of this port during 2011–2020. To this end, two-stage network data envelopment analysis was conducted to evaluate the port’s operation performance; subsequently, the change trajectory of the port’s operational efficiency during 2011–2020 was determined, and the potential reasons for the identified changes are discussed. Finally, suggestions for improving the operational performance …

The Tidal Prism, Viable Eelgrass Habitat, And The Effects Of Sea Level Rise In Morro Bay, Kaden A. Caliendo

Master's Theses

The tidal prism, or the volume of water exchanged from the sea to an estuary from mean low to mean high tide, influences system hydrodynamics and ecological functioning. Since 1884, the tidal prism in Morro Bay, California has been estimated to be decreasing over time due to sedimentation from upstream practices. What is the current tidal prism in Morro Bay and how will that change with sea level rise? How will eelgrass respond to rising sea levels?

For this study, inexpensive tidal gauges were deployed at four locations in Morro Bay from March to August 2023 to measure spatially varying …

Smart Sounding Table Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System, Osman Ünal, Nuri Akkaş

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Marine engineers measure the liquid level (sounding depth) to calculate the volumetric content of a ship's tank. The sounding depth is determined using an ullage pipe located at specific points on the tanks. To estimate the accurate volume of liquid, considering the ship's trim and heel conditions, engineers use a tank table (sounding table) consisting of hundreds of pages. However, this method is time-consuming and lacks intermediate values for sounding depth, trim, and heel. Ship designers recommend to use linear interpolation for intermediate values, yet this process is also time-consuming. This paper proposes the implementation of an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference …

Case Study Of Coastal Erosion And Measures At Kezailiao Coast, Taiwan, Tai-Wen Hsu, Yi-Tse Tu, Jen-Yi Chang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

This paper examines major factors of coastal erosion and measures against beach erosion at Kezailiao Coast, Taiwan. Typical examples of coastal erosion due to natural or man-made factors are reviewed. Case studies of countermeasure for beach erosion are addressed. We further analyze and discuss historical shoreline and coastal cliff recession as a result of the attack of storm surges and waves. The coastline mainly made up of cliffs (2-3m high), made of soft, easily eroded boulder sand and clay. In total, 3km of land have been lost since 1951, including villages and farm buildings. The most important impacts of beach …