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Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Meteorology
Climate Long-Term Trends Impacting Wheat Production Systems In Kansas, Octavia M.M. Tavares, Fábio Marin, Romulo Lollato, Bruno C. Pedreira
Climate Long-Term Trends Impacting Wheat Production Systems In Kansas, Octavia M.M. Tavares, Fábio Marin, Romulo Lollato, Bruno C. Pedreira
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Winter wheat production is of major importance in Kansas. The purpose of the study was to verify the evidence of climate change in a long-term weather data series from Wellington and Parsons, KS, to understand whether climate change has been affecting yield production.
Weather And Crime: New York State, Yuna Kim
Weather And Crime: New York State, Yuna Kim
Student Theses
The present study assesses the degree to which temperature affects the crime rates in all 62 counties in the State of New York. Five different crimes (i.e., robbery, aggravated assault, burglary; larceny, and motor vehicle theft) for the year 2019 were selected from the Division of Criminal Justice Services of New York to be examined. The current study examined whether the rate of these crimes was associated with the changes in weather, with the assumption that higher weathers would lead to higher property and violent crimes, when controlling for the effect of various control variables. The findings suggest that the …
The Effect Of Barometric Pressure, Temperature, And Precipitation On Preterm Labor In Expecting Women In South Carolina, Allison K. Fletcher
The Effect Of Barometric Pressure, Temperature, And Precipitation On Preterm Labor In Expecting Women In South Carolina, Allison K. Fletcher
Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science
Each year, approximately 9.9% of infants in the United States are born prematurely at less than 37 weeks of gestation with unidentified causes. From 2014 to 2016, the total preterm birth rate rose 3%, and late preterm birth rates rose almost 4%. One source of preterm labor that has been examined in recent years is its potential correlation with meteorological phenomena, including barometric pressure, temperature, and precipitation. In September of 2019, birth data recording 322 deliveries from two South Carolina hospitals was collected along with weather data on the given dates. The changes in temperature, barometric pressure, and precipitation for …
Southeast Kansas Weather Summary - 2020, G. F. Sassenrath, M. Knapp, X. Lin
Southeast Kansas Weather Summary - 2020, G. F. Sassenrath, M. Knapp, X. Lin
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This is a summary of the weather conditions in southeast Kansas during the 2019/2020 growing season. The wet weather pattern that began in 2019 continued into the spring of 2020, creating adverse conditions for spring crop establishment. Dry conditions during the summer and fall limited crop and pasture production. Temperatures were very near the 10-year averages at each location.
An Analysis Of Temperature Trends In The Northeast United States : 1950-2019, Christopher Selca
An Analysis Of Temperature Trends In The Northeast United States : 1950-2019, Christopher Selca
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The warming signal associated with anthropogenic climate change shows a significant positive trend globally over the last century. Trends in the magnitude and frequency of annual mean and extreme events do not display a globally uniform signal, as some regions have shown negative trends. This study examines the trends in daily mean and extreme temperatures in the Northeast region of the United States. Station data was selected from the GHCN-D Version 3 data set, using a blend of stations from the weather forecast offices and the cooperative observing network. Station criteria included using a threshold of less than 5% of …
Using A Balloon-Launched Unmanned Glider To Validate Real-Time Wrf Modeling, Travis J. Schuyler, S. M. Iman Gohari, Gary Pundsack, Donald Berchoff, Marcelo I. Guzman
Using A Balloon-Launched Unmanned Glider To Validate Real-Time Wrf Modeling, Travis J. Schuyler, S. M. Iman Gohari, Gary Pundsack, Donald Berchoff, Marcelo I. Guzman
Chemistry Faculty Publications
The use of small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) for meteorological measurements has expanded significantly in recent years. SUAS are efficient platforms for collecting data with high resolution in both space and time, providing opportunities for enhanced atmospheric sampling. Furthermore, advances in mesoscale weather research and forecasting (WRF) modeling and graphical processing unit (GPU) computing have enabled high resolution weather modeling. In this manuscript, a balloon-launched unmanned glider, complete with a suite of sensors to measure atmospheric temperature, pressure, and relative humidity, is deployed for validation of real-time weather models. This work demonstrates the usefulness of sUAS for validating and improving …
Application Of A Hybrid Statistical–Dynamical System To Seasonal Prediction Of North American Temperature And Precipitation, Sarah Strazzo, Dan C. Collins, Andrew Schepen, Q. J. Wang, Emily Becker, Liweli Jia
Application Of A Hybrid Statistical–Dynamical System To Seasonal Prediction Of North American Temperature And Precipitation, Sarah Strazzo, Dan C. Collins, Andrew Schepen, Q. J. Wang, Emily Becker, Liweli Jia
Publications
Recent research demonstrates that dynamical models sometimes fail to represent observed teleconnection patterns associated with predictable modes of climate variability. As a result, model forecast skill may be reduced. We address this gap in skill through the application of a Bayesian postprocessing technique—the calibration, bridging, and merging (CBaM) method—which previously has been shown to improve probabilistic seasonal forecast skill over Australia. Calibration models developed from dynamical model reforecasts and observations are employed to statistically correct dynamical model forecasts. Bridging models use dynamical model forecasts of relevant climate modes (e.g., ENSO) as predictors of remote temperature and precipitation. Bridging and calibration …
Meteorological Comparison Of Three Cave Systems, Matthew Wine
Meteorological Comparison Of Three Cave Systems, Matthew Wine
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Cave systems are home to delicate underground ecosystems that can be affected by changes in surface atmospheric conditions which in turn affect underground meteorology. Modern human use of caves is typically for tourism, so understanding surface-underground weather-climate interactions is important when caves carry streams that are prone to flooding in response to surface precipitation. The purpose of this research is to document the effects of surface weather conditions on cave meteorology in three different cave system types located in different geographic locations including an island, the central USA, and at high elevations in British Columbia. The study caves include Kaumana …
Characterizing Temperature Variability States Across Southern South America And Associated Synoptic-Scale Meteorological Patterns, Judah Adam Detzer
Characterizing Temperature Variability States Across Southern South America And Associated Synoptic-Scale Meteorological Patterns, Judah Adam Detzer
Dissertations and Theses
The aim of this thesis is to understand spatiotemporal temperature variability in southern South America by identifying overarching temperature variability states and their associated synoptic-scale meteorological patterns. Further, the temporal frequency of occurrence of those temperature variability states is investigated as is the role of recurrent low-frequency modes of climate variability (El Niño Southern Oscillation and the Southern Annular Mode) on temperature variability. K-means cluster analysis is used to group all months during the period 1980-2015 into four primary categories for summer and winter separately. Monthly maps of temperature anomalies are provided as input to the k-means algorithm and the …
Mipas Imk/Iaa Carbon Tetrachloride (Ccl4) Retrieval And First Comparison With Other Instruments, Ellen Eckert, Thomas Von Clarmann, Alexandra Laeng, Gabriele P. Stiller, Bernd Funke, Norbert Glatthor, Udo Grabowski, Sylvia Kellmann, Michael Kiefer, Andrea Linden, Peter F. Bernath
Mipas Imk/Iaa Carbon Tetrachloride (Ccl4) Retrieval And First Comparison With Other Instruments, Ellen Eckert, Thomas Von Clarmann, Alexandra Laeng, Gabriele P. Stiller, Bernd Funke, Norbert Glatthor, Udo Grabowski, Sylvia Kellmann, Michael Kiefer, Andrea Linden, Peter F. Bernath
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications
MIPAS thermal limb emission measurements were used to derive vertically resolved profiles of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Level-1b data versions MIPAS/5.02 to MIPAS/5.06 were converted into volume mixing ratio profiles using the level-2 processor developed at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK) and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (IAA). Consideration of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) as an interfering species, which is jointly retrieved, and CO2 line mixing is crucial for reliable retrievals. Parts of the CO2 Q-branch region that overlap with the CCl4 signature were …
Regional Variations Of Optimal Sowing Dates Of Maize For The Southwestern U.S., Boksoon Myoung, Seung Hee Kim, Jinwon Kim, Menas Kafatos
Regional Variations Of Optimal Sowing Dates Of Maize For The Southwestern U.S., Boksoon Myoung, Seung Hee Kim, Jinwon Kim, Menas Kafatos
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Sowing date (SD) is sensitive to regional climate characteristics; thus, it is critical to systematically examine the effects of SD on crop yields for various temperature regimes. We performed a sensitivity study of SD for maize in the southwestern U.S. using the regionally extended version of the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) model. The model was run utilizing North American Regional Reanalysis at a 32 km resolution from 1991 to 2011, with an irrigation threshold at 95% of the soil water-holding capacity. Two types of SD optimizations maximizing yield potential (Yp), varying spatially or interannually, revealed that the optimal SD …
An Analysis Of Surface Air Temperature Trends And Variability Along The Andes, Eric Franquist
An Analysis Of Surface Air Temperature Trends And Variability Along The Andes, Eric Franquist
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Climate change is difficult to study in mountainous regions such as the Andes since steep changes in elevation cannot always be resolved by climate models. However, it is important to examine temperature trends in this region as rises in surface air temperature are leading to the melting of tropical glaciers. Local communities rely on the glacier-fed streamflow to get their water for drinking, irrigation, and livestock. Moreover, communities also rely on the tourism of hikers who come to the region to view the glaciers. As the temperatures increase, these glaciers are no longer in equilibrium with their current climate and …
Enhanced Pre-Monsoon Warming Over The Himalayan-Gangetic Region From 1979-2007, Ritesh Gautam, N. C. Hsu, K. M. Lau, S.-C. Tsay, Menas Kafatos
Enhanced Pre-Monsoon Warming Over The Himalayan-Gangetic Region From 1979-2007, Ritesh Gautam, N. C. Hsu, K. M. Lau, S.-C. Tsay, Menas Kafatos
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
Fundamental to the onset of the Indian Summer Monsoon is the land-sea thermal gradient from the Indian Ocean to the Himalayas-Tibetan Plateau (HTP). The timing of the onset is strongly controlled by the meridional tropospheric temperature gradient due to the rapid premonsoon heating of the HTP compared to the relatively cooler Indian Ocean. Analysis of tropospheric temperatures from the longest available record of microwave satellite measurements reveals widespread warming over the Himalayan-Gangetic region and consequent strengthening of the land-sea thermal gradient. This trend is most pronounced in the pre-monsoon season, resulting in a warming of 2.7 C in the 29-year …
Contrasting The 2007 And 2005 Hurricane Seasons: Evidence Of Possible Impacts Of Saharan Dry Air And Dust On Tropical Cyclone Activity In The Atlantic Basin, D. Sun, K. M. Lau, Menas Kafatos
Contrasting The 2007 And 2005 Hurricane Seasons: Evidence Of Possible Impacts Of Saharan Dry Air And Dust On Tropical Cyclone Activity In The Atlantic Basin, D. Sun, K. M. Lau, Menas Kafatos
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
In this study, we provide preliminary evidence of possible modulation by Saharan dust of hurricane genesis and intensification, by contrasting the 2007 and 2005 hurricane seasons. It is found that dust aerosol loadings over the Atlantic Ocean are much higher in 2007 than in 2005. The temperature difference between 2007 and 2005 shows warming in the low-middle troposphere (900–700 hPa) in the dusty region in the eastern North Atlantic, and cooling in the Main Development Region (MDR). The humidity (wind) differences between 2007 and 2005 indicate significant drying (subsidence) in the Western North Atlantic (WNA) in 2007. The drier air …
Local Adjustment Of The Background Error Correlation For Surface Analyses Over Complex Terrain, David T. Myrick, John D. Horel, Steven M. Lazarus
Local Adjustment Of The Background Error Correlation For Surface Analyses Over Complex Terrain, David T. Myrick, John D. Horel, Steven M. Lazarus
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
The terrain between grid points is used to modify locally the background error correlation matrix in an objective analysis system. This modification helps to reduce the influence across mountain barriers of corrections to the background field that are derived from surface observations. This change to the background error correlation matrix is tested using an analytic case of surface temperature that encapsulates the significant features of nocturnal radiation inversions in mountain basins, which can be difficult to analyze because of locally sharp gradients in temperature. Bratseth successive corrections, optimal interpolation, and three-dimensional variational approaches are shown to yield exactly the same …
Seasonal Aeration Rates For The Eastern United States Based On Long-Term Weather Patterns, Michael D. Montross, Samuel G. Mcneill, Thomas C. Bridges
Seasonal Aeration Rates For The Eastern United States Based On Long-Term Weather Patterns, Michael D. Montross, Samuel G. Mcneill, Thomas C. Bridges
Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications
Most aeration fans are sized to produce a minimum airflow rate of 0.1 m3/min/t (0.1 cfm/bu) in on-farm grain storage structures. At this airflow rate a significant amount of time is required to move a cooling front completely through a bin. The desired grain temperature and prevailing weather conditions will have a significant effect on required fan size. Thirty years of weather data were analyzed for the eastern United States to determine the amount of time available in temperature windows between 0 to 15.C and 0 to 17.C. Contour maps were generated with ArcMap 8.3 for the percentage …
Validation And Assessment Of Dmsp Electron Temperatures In The Topside Ionosphere, Bradford S. Green
Validation And Assessment Of Dmsp Electron Temperatures In The Topside Ionosphere, Bradford S. Green
Theses and Dissertations
Geomagnetic disturbances in the near earth space environment can adversely affect numerous military and Department of Defense (DoD) systems and operations. To improve the prediction accuracy of such disturbances, the next generation of space environment forecast models aims to automatically ingest real-time ionospheric measurements. This research validates and assesses one such measurement - the Defense Military Satellite Program (DMSP) measured electron temperature (Te). DMSP Te data were validated against near simultaneous incoherent scatter radar (ISR) Te measurements from Millstone Hill, MA and Sondrestrom, Greenland between Winter 1996 and Summer 2000. Of the 37 Millstone and six …
Frontogenesis In The North Pacific Oceanic Frontal Zones--A Numerical Simulation, Michael S. Dinniman, Michele M. Rienecker
Frontogenesis In The North Pacific Oceanic Frontal Zones--A Numerical Simulation, Michael S. Dinniman, Michele M. Rienecker
CCPO Publications
A primitive equation model [Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's (GFDL's) MOM 2] with one degree horizontal resolution is used to simulate the seasonal cycle of frontogenesis in the subarctic frontal zone (SAFZ) and the subtropical frontal zone (STFZ) of the North Pacific Ocean. The SAFZ in the model contains deep (greater than 500 m in some places) regions with seasonally varying high gradients in temperature and salinity. The gradients generally weaken toward the east. The STFZ consists of a relatively shallow (less than 200 m in most places) region of high gradient in temperature that disappears in the summer/fall. The high …
Colder By The Lake? The Lake Effect On Static Air Temperatures In Duluth, Minnesota 1961-1990, Graham A. Tobin, Gordon L. Levine, Jacqueline H. Alexander
Colder By The Lake? The Lake Effect On Static Air Temperatures In Duluth, Minnesota 1961-1990, Graham A. Tobin, Gordon L. Levine, Jacqueline H. Alexander
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
To test the impact of Lake Superior on local climates, daily temperature data were collected from two weather stations in Duluth, Minnesota for the period 1961 through 1990. The broad goal of the research was to ascertain to what extent climate conditions differed between lakeside and inland locations. Temperature data were standardized to local lake-level to control for altitudinal differences between weather stations. These data were then analyzed at two temporal scales, annual and seasonal, with the focus on mean high and mean low temperatures. Results indicated that the moderating effect of the lake indeed was apparent especially in raising …
Temperature Conditions At Orono, Maine, Ernest Claude Drew
Temperature Conditions At Orono, Maine, Ernest Claude Drew
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis is an outgrowth of a much larger piece of work which the Department of Physics, thru its instructors and major students, has undertaken to complete. The task referred to, is the compilation, arrangement, and summarizing of the various meteorological records taken at the University of Maine for the past forty-four years. These records were begun in the above department by Dr. M. C. Fernald in the year 1869 and were continued by him until 1893. The work was then transferred to the Experiment Station, where observations were made under the direction of Doctors W. H. Jordan and C. …