Fresh Water Studies Commons^™

Disposal Of Household Wastewater In Soils Of High Stone Content (1981-1983), E. M. Rutledge, C. R. Mote, D. T. Mitchell, M. S. Hirsch, M. D. Harper, H. D. Scott, C. L. Griffis

Technical Reports

Four experimental filter fields were constructed with built-in monitoring equipment in Nixa soils. These soils contain many chert fragments and a fragipan about 60 cm below the soil surface. The fragipan restricts downward movement of water and is the designlimitingfeature. The four filter fields were: 1. A "standard" filter field, 76 cm deep. The bottom of the trench was in the fragipan. 2. A "modified standard" filter field, 30 cm deep. The bottom of the trench was above the fragipan. 3. A "modified pressure" filter field, 40 cm deep. The bottom of the trench was above the fragipan. In addition, …

Ua12/2/1 Magazine, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Archives Records

Special magazine edition of the College Heights Herald, featuring articles:

• Humphreys, Mack. Beneath Bowling Green – Lost River Cave
• Malmer, Victoria. Food for Body, Food for Soul – Louis Cook
• Thomas, Steve. Coming Home – Bob Buster, Vietnam

The Effect Of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons On The Fecundity Of Acartia Tonsa (Calanoid Copepoda), Juanita Y. Grabarczyk

OES Theses and Dissertations

The concentrations of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNAHs) were determined for several stations in the Elizabeth River. Thirteen PNAHs of the sixteen EPA priority pollutant PNAHs were present in the particulate fraction. The concentrations ranged from 10.0 ng/1 to 1000 ng/1. Ten of the sixteen EPA priority pollutant PNAH were present in the dissolved phase. Concentrations ranged from 2.0 ng/1 to 100 ng/1.

The environmental PNAHs concentrations were used to determine test concentrations. Bioassays were conducted to determine the effects of indigenous concentrations of seven predominant PNAHs (0.01 mg/1 to 2.4 mg/1 concentrations) on the fecundity of Acartia tonsa (calanoid Copepoda). …

Pamunkey River Slack Water Data Report : Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, 1970 - 1980, T. J. Brooks

Reports

This report contains station locations, survey schedules, field procedures, sample handling procedures, and data reduction and storage procedures. In addition, 11 years of contoured temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen data is presented.

Mattaponi River Slack Water Data Report : Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, 1970 - 1980, T. J. Brooks

Reports

This report contains station locations, survey schedules, field procedures, sample handling procedures, and data reduction and storage procedures. In addition, 9 years of contoured temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen data is presented.

Rappahannock River Slack Water Data Report: Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen 1970-1980, T. J. Brooks

Reports

This report contains station locations, survey schedules, field procedures, sample handling procedures, and data reduction and storage procedures. In addition, 11 years of contoured temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen data is presented.

The Growth And Feeding Behavior Of Juvenile Spot, Leiostomus Xanthurus Lacepede, In The Nursery Region Of The James River, Virginia, John Thomas Mccambridge Jr.

OES Theses and Dissertations

The in situ growth and feeding behavior of juvenile spot, Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepede, was investigated for populations in the nursery area of the James River, Virginia. Growth of juvenile spot was found to be fairly rapid (11.34 mm/month, standard length) during their first summer in the nursery grounds, but it levelled off in the autumn. The mean size of spot after the first year was calculated to be 195 mm total length. The weight-length relationship was log W = -5.018 + 3.246(log L), where W = wet weight in grams and L = standard length in millimeters.

Juvenile spot appeared …

A Systematic Study To Reduce Trihalomethane Precursors In Little Rock Drinking Water By Combined Alum Coagulation-Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment, Ali U. Shaikh

Technical Reports

Studies have been conducted to evaluate powdered activated carbon (PAC) as an agent for controlling trihalomethanes in drinking water. Laboratory studies indicate that PAC is highly efficient in removing free trihalomethanes in water within a few hours. The removal efficiency of humic acid, a known THM precursor, by PAC is considerably less. However, longer treatment time can remove the precursors quite significantly. Humic substances in surface water samples can also be removed by PAC.

Disposal Of Household Wastewater In Soils Of High Stone Content (1977-1980), E. M. Rutledge, C. R. Mote, M. S. Hirsh, H. D. Scott, D. T. Mitchell

Technical Reports

Two experimental septic tank filter fields were constructed with built-in monitoring equipment in Nixa soils. These soils contain many chert fragments and a fragipan about 60 cm deep which restricts downward water movement and is the design-limiting feature. The standard filter field (76 cm deep) was built into the fragipan and the modified standard filter field (30 cm deep) was placed above it. During 30 months' observation, the modified standard performed better than the standard filter field. Maximum rise of effluent in the standard and modified standard came within 11 and 19 cm of the soil surface, respectively. Performance of …

Causes Of Localized Copper Corrosion In Drinking Water Supplies, R. A. Sims, R. W. Raible

Technical Reports

Excessive amounts of copper have been observed in drinking water at certain installations on Lake DeGray and at isolated locations in the Arkadelphia area of Arkansas. A study of these installations was conducted to determine the source of the copper contamination. The supply water was very low in copper and therefore dissolution of the copper plumbing caused by low water pH and long residence times was determined to be the most probable source.

Effects Of Sewage Pollution In The White River, Arkansas On Benthos And Leaf Detritus Decomposition, Arthur V. Brown, Lawrence D. Willis, Peter P. Brussock

Technical Reports

Recently there has been much emphasis placed on the importance of leaf detritus processing to the energetics of stream invertebrates. This study was designed primarily to assess the effects of municipal effluent on the ability of a stream community to utilize leaf detritus, and secondarily to evaluate the extent of the pollution of the White River by the Fayetteville, Arkansas effluent discharge. Physical and chemical water quality, benthos, and fish were sampled periodically at one station upstream and two stations downstream from the discharge, and in the Richland Creek tributary. Processing of leaf detritus was studied at each site using …

Chemistry Of The Springs Of The Ozark Mountains, Northwestern Arkansas, Kenneth F. Steele

Technical Reports

Three lead-zinc mineralized areas of northern Arkansas were selected to study the effect of mineralization on ground water chemistry. The Ponca area has the largest amount of lead sulfide mineralization, the Zinc area has a significant amount of zinc silicate and zinc sulfide; whereas, the Rush area has zinc carbonate and zinc sulfide. A total of 143 samples were collected from these areas and analyzed for general water chemistry parameters including heavy metal The water quality of the area is generally good; however, a few springs exceed the drinking water standards for ammonia, nitrate, iron, manganese and lead. The surface …

Monitoring Of Groundwater Levels For Real-Time Conjunctive Water Management, Richard C. Peralta, Vince Mazure, Paul Dutram

Technical Reports

Water users in the Arkansas Grand Prairie wish to maintain sufficient groundwater levels to: insure adequate groundwater reserves for time of drought, protect themselves from litigation caused by wells going dry, and insure a sustained yield. Achievement of these goals requires regular measurement of groundwater levels. Review of monitoring practice and technology indicates that spring and fall measurements taken over the entire area using steel tape and acoustic device is preferred for most long range planning. Continuous monitoring is indicated for critical parts of the region where saturated thicknesses are small. Desirable attributes of a data collection/transmission system for such …

Evaluation And Accessing Of Data For A Water Resources Simulator, Richard C. Peralta, Roberto Arce, Timothy Skergan

Technical Reports

This report evaluates the availability of data needed to use a groundwater simulation model for real time conjunctive water management in the Arkansas Grand Prairie. It is assumed that the goal of such management is to protect existing groundwater rights by maintaining water levels so that wells do not go dry, even in time of drought. Sufficient hydrogeologic data exists to use the simulation model to predict the effect of known pumping rates on groundwater levels. Developing an optimal set of "target" levels and annually managing pumping to achieve those levels requires additional data: fall groundwater levels, degree of connection …

Nutrients And Acid In The Rain And Dry Fallout At Fayetteville, Arkansas (1980-1982), George H. Wagner, Kenneth F. Steele

Technical Reports

Wet and dry fallout at Fayetteville, Arkansas have been collected separately and analyzed since April, 1980. The precipitation-weighted-average pH for two yearly periods of rainfall were 4.72 (6/80-5/81) and 4.75 (6/81-5/82). This corresponds to a concentration of the acid ion, H+, of about 18 parts per billion (ppb). Pure water in equilibrium with the CO2 of the air would have a pH of 5.65 (2.2 ppb of H+). The range of pH during this two year period was 3.86-7.74(140-0 ppb H+) for the rainfall. Aqueous extracts of the dry fallout were always in the 6.75-7.87 pH range, i.e., neutral to …

A Survey Of Soils Irrigated With Arkansas River Water, John T. Gilmour, H. D. Scott, R. E. Baser

Technical Reports

Interest in the use of Arkansas River water for irrigation has increased recently as land adjacent to the river is converted to crop production and river water is considered as an alternative to depleted underground supplies. Since the Arkansas River can contain elevated concentrations of sodium chloride, this study was designed to determine if soil conditions adverse to crop growth were developing where river water has been used. The impact of river water on sites where river water was used as either the sole source for up to 3 years or as a supplement to another surface source for up …

The Costs And Benefits Of Soil Erosion Control In The North Lake Chicot Watershed, Robert N. Shulstad, C. Tim Osborn, Alan D. Mcqueen

Technical Reports

Lake Chicot is divided by a levee into two basins, the high quality northern basin and the extremely polluted southern basin. Water quality in the northern basin of Lake Chicot is diminishing due to soil erosion. Costs for alternative control programs for the seventeen fare, 11,470 acre northern watershed were estimated. Twenty-nine combinations of rotations and best management practices were evaluated. Soil loss can be reduced almost 25 percent from 4.2 tons per acre to 3.2 tons per acre, while increasing net returns to farmers from $83.94 per acre to $107.28 per acre by altering present cropping patterns. A prohibition …

Expansion Potential For Irrigation Within The Mississippi Delta Region, Robert N. Shulstad, Ralph D. May, Jon Mark Erstine, Blake N. Phillips, Billy E. Herrington Jr.

Technical Reports

17.6 million acres, or 73 percent, of the Mississippi Delta Region is currently cropland and possesses the physical characteristics of slope, texture and soil type which are recommended for irrigation. Economic feasibility of expanding irrigation by flood, furrow and center pivot methods were examined under 24 scenarios representing two sets of crop prices, yield levels, production costs, opportunity costs and six crop rotations. Irrigation was economically feasible for 56 to 100 percent of the cropland across all scenarios. Approximately 88 percent of the cropland can be economically irrigated with flood or furrow in its present form, 8 percent yield highest …

The Effects Of Forest Harvest On Water Quality And Aquatic Life (Phase I), Edmond J. Bacon

Technical Reports

A long term study on the effects of clearcut forest harvest and regeneration was conducted in a representative watershed of the Ouachita National Forest. Fourteen water quality parameters were analyzed to characterize baseline water quality. Water quality was classified as excellent. A total of 350 quantitative benthic samples and 15 ultraviolet light trap samples yielded 173 species of macroinvertebrates. Mean densities of macroinvertebrates ranged from 4,800/m2 to 23,040/m2 and averaged 12,499/m2 in the upper Little Missouri River. Twenty-two quantitative collections of fishes were made at representative riffles and pools. The average biomass estimates for riffles and pools were 5.69 kg/ha …

Oilseed Agronomy, A G. Mckay

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Seeding rates for Wesbrook 83MT56 Interstate rapeseed variety testing 83MT47 Fusilade on rapeseed 83MT57 Triazine resistant rapeseed 83MT55 Rapeseed windrowing - time of harvest 83MA9

Annual Medics For The Kalgoorlie Region And Adjacent Eastern Rangeland Zones, G Gintzburger

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Species selection and establishment methods Extensive overgrazing and burning of the dominant winter rainfall Goldfields pastoral zones have left large areas degraded with a poor annual vegetation cover of nearly no grazing value. Thus, more grazing pressure is exerted on shrubs and small trees accelerating the desertification process. Shrubs and trees are the main stabilising agent left in a rangeland plant community when alI annuals have been grazed out. In order to upgrade or regenerate some of these areas, conventional methods of grazing prohibition or deferred grazing can be used but often, improvement obtained are slow. It is hypothesized that …

Soil Acidity - High Rainfall Pastures, J S. Yeates, D. A. Mcghie, D A. Tooke, M. F. Clarke

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

A. Lime on old land pastures. 80BU13, 80BU14, 80BU15, 80BU16, 80BU17, 80BY7, 80BY16, 81AL10, 81AL11, 8IAL12, 81AL13, 81AL14, 81AL15, 81AL16, 81BU18, 81BY15, 81BY16, 81BY17, 81BY18, 81BY19, 81BY24, 81BY25, 81BY16, 81MA12, 81W9, 81Wl0, 81Wll, 82AL2, 82AL3, 82AL4, 82ALS, 82AL6, 82ALSS, 82BU6, 82BU7, 82BU8, 82BY37, 82HA35, 82HA36, 82HA38, 82MA20, 82PE1, 83AL7, 83AL8, 83AL9, 83AL10, 83AL11, 83AL12, 83AL13, 83AL14, 83BU20, 83BU24, 83BU25, 83BU26, 83BY29, 83HA19, 83HA40, 83HA41.

B. Lime on new land pastures 82AL7, 82AL8.

Sulphur Nutrition Of Pastures. Potassium Nutrition Of High Rainfall Pastures On Deep Sands, J S. Yeates, M F. Clarke

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

A. Sulphur - High Rainfall – 80AL1, 80AL4 (1980), 80AL4 B (established 1983). Sulphur rundown on heavy soils - 80BY1. Sources, rates, time of application of sulphur to pastures - 80AL1, 80AL4, 80AL4B. Sources, rates, time of application of sulphur to legume pastures – 80AL1, 80AL4, 80AL4B. Sulphur nutrition of pastures. 83PE36. B. Sulphur - Low Rainfall – 82AL9, 80JE16/17 82KA4. Sulphur on pastures - 80JE16/17, 82AL9, 82KA4. Sulphur on absorbing soils receiving no current S input – 80BY1. C. Potassium. Sources, rates, time of application of potassium on high rainfall deep sand pastures - 80AL3, 80AL6.

Summary Of Experimental Results 1982/83., J. Hamblin

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

82C22, 82C23 Wheat Production Trials, 82C24 Nitrogen flows from different legume species and varieties, 82C10 Lupins under sown with Harbinger, 82Cl9 The effect of Simazine on Harbinger Medic, 82C21 Pea variety trial, 82C23 The effect of green manuring on wheat yields.

1. Clover Scorch Screening, 2. Bluegreen Aphid Screening, 3. Root Rot Screening, 4. Medicago Murex, 5. Clover Establishment Techniques, 6. Salinity Effects On Irrigation Pastures, 7. Moisture Usage And Seed Production In Subterranean Clover., D. J. Gillespie

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Clover scorch screening, Bluegreen aphid screening, Root rot screening, Medicago murex, Clover establishment techniques, Salinity effects on irrigation pastures, Moisture usage and seed production in subterranean clover.

Sources Of Phosphate Trials. Miscellaneous Trials, J W. Bowden, R J. Lunt, M Baker

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

I. Sources of Phosphate Trials. Cropping Trials: (80BA6) - Deep sand, Badgingarra, Lupins. (77WH2) - Gravel, old land, WHRS, Wheat. (76WH9) - WLS, new land, WHRS, Wheat (1982). (76WH10) - WLS, young land, WHRS Wheat (1982). (77MT2) - Loamy gravel, old land, Mount Barker Oats. Pasture trials: (77MT1) - Loamy gravel, new land, Mount Barker. (77E1) - Sandy gravel, new land, Esperance. (77E4) – [78E4?] Sandy gravel, old land, Esperance. II. Miscellaneous Trials Long term trials. 66M30 - Super x stocking rate at Merredin. 48M/149 EX - Residual super trial at Merredin. 65A1, 65C5 and 69WH15 - Maintenance P x …

Phosphorus Nutrition Of High Rainfall Pastures - Peel Harvey Estuarine System Study (Phase Ii) And Related Phosphorus Work, D M. Deeley, J S. Yeates, B. Barker, M F. Clarke

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

A. Sources, rates, time of application of phosphorus on high rainfall pastures. 80AL2, 80AL5, 81AL5, 81AL6, 81KE2, 81MA4, 82AL10, 82HA31, 82HA32, 83HA26, 83HA27. B. Soil test calibration curve trials on Bassendean sands. 82HA20, 82HA21, 82HA22, 82HA23, 82HA24, 82HA25, 82HA26, 82HA27, 82HA28, 82HA29, 82HA30. C. Soil test calibration curve trials on Coolup sands. 83HA20, 83HA21, 83HA22, 83HA23, 83HA24, 83HA25. D. Phosphorus rundown. 82HA14, 82HA15, 82HA16, 82HA18. NOTE: Summary is in two parts. 1. Peel Harvey catchment program (Deeley, Barker). 2. General program on high rainfall sandy soils (Yeates, Clarke). Summary of Experimental Work. General Aims. The work summarized here was commenced …

Pasture Research Programme For The Medium Rainfall Zone Of Wa, P. Dixon

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Pasture Research Programme for the Medium Rainfall Zone of W.A. - Species Selection and Management Related in Particular to the Ryegrass Toxicity Problem Since the early 1970's much of the ryegrass based pastures in the Pallinup region have been affected by Annual Ryegrass Toxicity (ARGT). Control of ryegrass by herbicides invariably leads to a reduction in the stock carrying capacity of the pasture since currently available legume species fail to grow or persist. This tendency is particularly evident on the hard setting loam soils of neutral to alkaline reaction. The aim of this project is to find alternative pasture species …

Low Rainfall Pasture Project, M. Ewing

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

1. Variety Comparisons - rows and small plots. a). Rows 83M54, 83M55, 83M57 and 83ME86. b). Small plots 83M36, 83ME58 and 83ME59. 2. Variety Comparisons - large plots. a). Old sites - 82ME47-51, 82LG32, 82N31, 82TS32. b). New site - 82ME62. 3. Medic rhizobial trials - 83M43, 83M47, 83M46. 4. Pasture establishment trials - 83M37, 83TS40, 83WH39. 5. Lupin - wheat rotation trials - 82ME52, 82ME53. 6. Pasture wheat rotation trials - 82N044, 82M47, 82WH39.

Organic Matter As A Source Of Nitrogen, N Delroy, R Deyl

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

The trials can be put into three groups: 1. Plus and minus ripping by species by bag nitrogen. This trial had a number of different species grown in 1982 and half of the trial was ripped in 1983 and the whole site sown to wheat with different rates of nitrogen applied to the subplots. Part of the information on the trial is contained in Bill Bowden's 1983 summary. 2. Species and management trials, namely 82LG5, 82Nl7, 82N041 and 82N03. 3. These trials had a number of different species grown in 1982 to which a number of management factors were applied …