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Research For The Development Of Guidelines For Conducting And Analyzing An Environmental Water Quality Study To Determine Statistically Meaningful Results, Melvin D. Springer

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

This report presents and discusses the basic statistical models and methods which are useful to researchers in the field of water resources research, as well as in other fields. These models and methods are presented from the standpoint of type (parametric and nonparametric - or distribution free) and purpose (e.g., simultaneous comparison of several means, comparison of two or more variances, establishment of a difference between two means with a specified confidence, etc.). The material is presented with emphasis primarily upon methodology, including the necessary assumptions upon which each model is based. No derivations or proofs are given, since these …

An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Dredging Within The Arkansas River Navigation System, Volume Iv - The Effects Upon The Benthic Associations, Louise Russert Kraemer

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The huge and increasing volume of dredged materials being moved in and from the bottoms of waterways of the U.S. is probably well known to the reader. Lee and Plumb (1974) distinguish between the 2 forms of dredging: (1) mining the bottom sediments (as in shell dredging), and (2) developing and maintaining navigable waterways. They indicate some 380,000,000 cubic yards are dredged annually in this country; maintenance dredging accounting for about 80,000,000 cy, and new construction for about 300,000,000 cy.* These figures (based on 5 yr. averages) do not include dredging by private companies. Smith (1975) comments: "With federal dredging …

The Fishes Of Washinton County, Arkansas, Donald G. Cloutman, Larry L. Olmsted

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Appendices To An Aqueous Environmental Simulation Model For Mid-South Lakes And Reservoirs, Louis J. Thibodeaux

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The program simulates some of the major physical, chemical and biological processes occuring within the aqueous phase of lakes and reservoirs. The program was developed to study the eutrophic development of these water bodies.

An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Dredging Within The Arkansas River Navigation System, Volume Iii-The Effects Upon The Zooplankton Associations, Edgar D. Short, Eugene H. Schmitz

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The primary purpose of the zooplankton phase of the coordinated study was to attempt to evaluate the effects of dredging operations on the abundance, distribution, composition and complexity of the zooplankton communities within the aquatic system of the Arkansas River. The other phases of investigation include fish, macroinvertebrates, phytoplankton and some physico-chemical parameters. The lack of baseline data, needed for measurement of previous ecological conditions from which to detect past and future changes, proved to be a major impediment to any evaluation. Although the study involved only about 240 miles of the river in Arkansas, it should serve as an …

Fisheries Report No 26 - Report On Lake Chandala With Recommendations Of Its Importance As A Fauna Reserve, Alan Tingay, Susan R. Tingay

Fisheries Research Reports

The hydrology, vegetation, fauna and land use of Lake Chandala (31°30 'S, 115°57'E) is described on the basis of field and literature surveys. The significance of the Lake as a Straw-necked Ibis (Thresktornts spinicollis) nesting rookery is emphasised and recommendations are made for its acquisition and future management.

An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Dredging Within The Arkansas River Navigation System: Volume I - Introduction, Summary And Conclusions, And Recommendations, Myra Mcnutt, T. M. Buchanan, L. R. Kraemer, R. L. Meyer, E. H. Schmitz

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The Arkansas River originates in the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains near Leadville, Colorado, and extends through Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas, where it flows into the Mississippi River. The Arkansas River is approximately 1,450 miles in length and drains a total area of 160,500 square miles. The river and its tributaries have been developed for navigation, flood control, and hydro-electric power, as well as recreational purposes under the River and Harbor Act of July 24, 1946. The development of the Arkansas River for recreational use will be completed in the near future. The McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System was …

An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Dredging Within The Arkansas River Navigation System - Volume Ii - Effects Upon The Phytoplankton Associations, Myra Mcnutt, Richard L. Meyer

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Phytoplankton are a major source of primary production in aquatic ecosystems and constitute one of the most important assemblages of the biotic community. These organisms are the basic level of the trophic pyramid upon which other organisms are dependent. The development, maintenance, and environmental influence of phytoplankton in and on the aquatic ecosystem has been a subject of interest and concern for many years. Most of the studies concerning the nature and distribution of phytoplankton have been confined to lacustrine systems. Hutchinson (1967), citing several lake studies, sutmarized various aspects of the physical and chemical factors associated with phytoplankton. These …

An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Dredging Within The Arkansas River Navigation System, Volume V - The Effects Upon The Fish Population, Thomas M. Buchanan

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The Arkansas River extends for 1,450 miles from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, southeasterly through Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas, where it enters the Mississippi River in Desha County. The 448 mile navigation channel which was constructed on the lower portion of this river includes portions of two of its major tributaries, the Verdigris River in Oklahoma and the lower White River in Arkansas. The Arkansas portion of this navigation system consists of three different segments: (1) the lower White River, from its confluence with the Mississippi River to 10 miles upstream, (2) the Arkansas Post Canal, …

Trace Metals And Major Elements In Water-Soluble Rocks Of Northwest Arkansas, George H. Wagner, Kenneth F. Steele, Doy L. Zachry Jr.

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Trace metals in limestone are potential water contaminants because they can enter the ground water when the limestone is dissolved by carbonic acid and other naturally occurring acids. Four local limestones, the St. Joe and Pitkin Formations (Mississippian) and the Brentwood and Kessler Members of the Bloyd Formation (Pennsylvanian) were sampled in a five county area in Northwest Arkansas. Atomic absorption analyses were made for Na, K, Mg, Ca, Zh, Cu, Ba, Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, Mn, Li and Sr on the acid soluble material of the samples. All the limestones are relatively pure CaCO3 with Pitkin the purest, 93.4%. …

Trace Element Composition Of Stream Sediments An Integrating Factor For Water Quality, Kenneth F. Steele, Harold C. Macdonald, George H. Wagner, William S. Bowen

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Bottom sediments, suspended sediments, and water were sampled along 130 miles of the Buffalo River in northern Arkansas. The water and acid extracts of the suspended sediments and the minus 95 mesh fraction of the bottom sediments were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. All samples were analyzed for Na, K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, and Mn. Selected bottom samples also were analyzed by As, Hg, and Zr. Zr was determined by x-ray fluorescence. Li and Sr were determined for selected water and suspended sediment samples. There is a general decrease downstream in Fe, Cu, …

Survival And Growth Rate Of Channel Catfish As A Function Of Dissolved-Oxygen Concentration, R. W. Raible

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Channel catfish were raised in water-recirculating systems for several periods of about six months duration each. Initial stock was fingerling size fish (10 to 20 grams). At dissolved-oxygen levels below 2.5 parts per million, mortality was high. Fish raised in tanks held at dissolved-oxygen levels between 3.0 and 6.8 parts per million showed increased gains of weight for each increment of added oxygen. Weight gains were as much as 50 percent higher at 6.8 parts per million compared with weights at 3.0 parts per million. Feed conversion was good in all cases. When feeding was limited to demand, feed conversion …

Movement Of Pesticides In The Soil Water Fertilizer System, H. Don Scott

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

A theoretical and experimental study of the transport of pesticides was conducted in several Arkansas soils with metribuzin, a herbicide. In a field study, chloride and metribuzin were applied to a Captina silt loam under maximum leaching conditions and their redistribution was compared with that of soil water. Metribuzin was found in significantly detectable quantities to a depth of 61 cm; the largest concentrations were detected in the surface 23 cm and particularly in the 0-5 cm increment. Two days after application 72.6 and 33.6% could be detected in the vegetation and no-vegetation plots. The metribuzin half life was 7.88 …

Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae In Arkansas Recreational Waters, Leon W. Bone, David A. Becker

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Selected recreational waters of Arkansas were sampled for pathogenic free-living limax amoebae. Water quality parameters were determined for correlation with amoebic population densities and species diversity. Cultural criteria and animal inoculation revealed no pathogenic strains. The feasibility of introduction and/or induction of pathogenic amoebic strains by environmental factors necessitates further ecological investigaitons.

Biochrome Analysis As A Method For Assessing Phytoplankton Dynamics Phase Ii, Richard L. Meyer

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Selected chemical, physical and biological parameters were determined for a man-made lake, Beaver Lake, on the White River of Arkansas and Missouri. The research program determined the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the temporal and spatial distribution of the algal subcommunities. It was determined that the epipelic, epilithic, epizooic and metaphytic subcommunities had little influence on the euplanktonic subcommunity. The relationship between the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the biochromes chlorophyll-a, -b, and -c and the phytoplankton species clustered into biochrome sets is discussed. The temporal and spatial distributional patterns of temperature, oxygen, ammonia-N, nitrate-N, orthophosphate-P and silicates are described …

Heat And Moisture Conduction In Unsaturated Soils, J. A. Havens, R. E. Babcock

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Mathematical models are developed for the prediction of heat transfer from hot water pipes buried in the soil. Heat transfer in the absence of moisture transfer is described as a function of the difference between the temperature of the pipe and the temperature of the soil surface. The energy balance is used to determine the longitudinal temperature distribution of the water. The method is extended to describe a system of equally spaced, parallel buried pipes. Soil temperature profiles around the pipes are presented. The model is used to calculate the land area that can be heated by an underground piping …

Sodium, Potassium, Calcium And Magnesium Content Of Northwest Arkansas Rain Water In 1974, G. H. Wagner

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Final Report: Buffalo National River Ecosystems, R. E. Babcock, H. C. Macdonald, D. G. Parker, Joe F. Nix, Kenneth F. Steele, Richard L. Meyer, R. W. Raible, D. A. Becker, R. V. Kilambi, E. H. Schmitz

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The objective of this study was to sample the Buffalo River on a seasonal basis for a year, in order to determine whether any potential water quality problems existed.

Environmental Evaluation Report Onn Various Completed Channel Improvement Projects In Eastern Arkansas, Edward E. Dale Jr., Thomas M. Buchanan, Richard L. Meyer, Robert T. Huffman

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The objective of this report is to evaluate the beneficial and adverse effects that certain channel improvement projects have had on the natural or man-made environments of selected areas in eastern Arkansas. This evaluation will be used as a baseline for determining the immediate and long-term effects that a project may have on the existing environment of the Village Creek Basin.

Selected Aspects Of The Limnology Of Zooplankton In Beaver And Degray Reservoirs, Arkansas, With Emphasis On The Development Of A Method For The Estimation Of Zooplankton Biomass, Eugene H. Schmitz, John T. Mccraw, Pamela J. Williams

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Fisheries Report No 16 - Notes On The Wildlife Of A Proposed Nature Reserve Around Lake Grace And Lake Chinokup, Western Australia, N. L. Mckenzie, W. K. Youngson

Fisheries Research Reports

During 1972 and 1973 plants and vertebrate animals were collected and recorded from a proposed 22 000 ha nature reserve centred on a chain of salt lakes in south-western Western Australia (33° 10' S - 33° 35' 8 and 118° 19' B - 118° 29' E).

The dominant plant species were collected, the structural formations desert bed and a vegetation map produced. Seven species of native terrestrial mammal and three species of bat were recorded.

Three of the terrestrial species are endemic to southwestern Western Australia, and two of these - Pseudomys occidentalis and Sminthopsis granulipes - are regarded as …

Bulletin 3933 - Trickle Irrigation For Home Gardens, K Cole

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

The use of trickle irrigation in the home garden can save money, time and water.

Trickle irrigation is a concept first used in glasshouses in England, then applied to field crops in Israel and developed and refined in Australia and America. Today it is widely used in orchards, vineyards, vegetable gardens and now has gained wide acceptance in the growing of ornamental plants.

Any good trickle system uses small quantities of water over an extended period of time. In the home garden, flows of 2.25 litres to 4.5 litres per hour are usual though for small shrubs lesser amounts may …

Sodium, Potassium, Calcium And Magnesium Content Of Northwest Arkansas Rain Water In 1973 And Trace Metal Analyses Of 1974 Rains, G. H. Wagner, R. W. Holloway

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Build-Up Of Mineral Content In Lake Dardanelle And The Effect On Zooplankton, Tom N. Palko

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Distribution Of Trace Metals In A Warm Water Release Impoundment, J. Nix

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

A water quality study of the DeGray Reservoir, Arkansas, was conducted beginning immediately following the beginning of impoundment through the first year in which the reservoir was operated near normal pool elevation. DeGray Reservoir is the first major dam in Arkansas to be equipped with upper level release capabilities. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity were measured in situ at stations located over the old river channel. Samples were taken from selected levels within the water column at each station and analyzed for the following parameters: pH, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, alkalinity, COD, iron, manganese, copper, …

Biochrome Analysis As A Method For Assessing Phytoplankton Dynamics Phase I, Richard L. Meyer

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Selected chemical, physical and biological parameters were determined for a man-made lake, Beaver Lake, on the White River of Arkansas and Missouri. The research program determined the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the temporal and spatial distribution of the algal subcommunities. It was determined that the epipelic, epilithic, epizooic and metaphytic subcommunities had little influence on the euplanktonic subcommunity. The relationship between the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the biochromes chlorophyll-a, -b, and -c and the phytoplankton species clustered into biochrome sets is discussed. The temporal and spatial distributional patterns of temperature, oxygen, ammonia-N, nitrate-N, ortho phosphate-P and silicates are …

Limnetic Zooplankton Dynamics In Beaver Reservoir Including An Inventory Of Copepod Species And An Evaluation Of Vertical Sampling Methods, Eugene H. Schmitz

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

There can be little doubt that the development of primary food sources (i.e. plankton) is an important factor contributing to fish production. Applegate and Mullan (1968) report that an exceptional sport fish harvest is generally associated with the development of new reservoirs, although the precise reasons for such interrelations are not known. Kramer and Smith (1962) demonstrated the tendency of bass fingerlings to feed on Cladocera in proportion to the latter's abundance, and Hodson (1966) reported the same basic pattern for largemouth and spotted bass fingerlings in Beaver Reservoir. Applegate and Mullan (1969) analyzed the digestive tract contents of larval …

Effects Of Mosquito Control Chemicals On Aquatic Fauna, J. L. Lancaster Jr., M. V. Meisch

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

No mosquito abatement districts have ever been organized in Arkansas. Mosquito control efforts have been largely adulticiding operations by either aerial application or ground thermal fogging machines. Practically no chemical applications have been directed at the larval stage in residual water in ditches and depressions from which adult populations arise. Some larviciding with ethyl parathion has been done in ricefields. Although the treatment is very effective in mosquito reduction, voluntary treatment has not been completely successful. Because relatively little insecticide has been used as a larvicide in Arkansas, it was possible to evaluate the effect of recommended larvicides on non-target …

Automation Of The Continuous Coagulation Monitor, Dee Mitchell, James J. Oskowis

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The development of automation in the past 50 years has paralleled the accelerating growth of today’s vast technological society. Automatic control systems are indispensable extensions of man's brain that enable him to monitor and regulate his complex environment. The principles of automatic control have a wide range of applications and interests in virtually every scientific field. The need for automatic control systems in vital applications of environmental engineering is both real and urgent. Extensive pollution has resulted in unavoidable water re-use and in the inevitable establishment of stringent effluent standards. Both water and wastewater treatment processes have necessarily become more …

Limnological, Ichthyological, And Parasitological Investigations On Arkansas Reservoris In Relation To Water Quality, John S. Carter, Carl E. Hoffman, Larry L. Olmsted, Raj V. Kilambi, Donald G. Cloutman, David A. Becker

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Lake Fort Smith, a 525 acre (212 ha) reservoir, was impounded in 1936 as a water supply for the city of Fort Smith. The reservoir is located on Clear Creek (Frog Bayou), a tributary of the Arkansas River, in the Boston Mountains 28 miles (45 km) northeast of the city of Fort Smith in Crawford County, Arkansas. A map and morphometric characteristics of Lake Fort Smith are given in Fig. 1 and Table I (Hoffman, 1951; Nelson, 1952). In 1956 Lake Shepherd Springs, a 750 acre (304 ha) impoundment, was created one mile upstream of Lake Fort Smith (Rorie, 1961). …