Fresh Water Studies Commons^™

A Review Of The Limnology Of And Water Quality Standards For Lake Mead, Charles R. Goldman

Publications (WR)

1. The waters of Las Vegas Bay, a heavily utilized recreational resource, receive discharges from a variety of municipal and industrial waste sources. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has determined, on the basis of numerous studies, that the present water quality violates state and federal standards and constitutes a public nuisance. Consultants have advised the Sewage and Wastewater Advisory Committee that rapid abatement of the alleged pollution conditions can be achieved by an advanced wastewater treatment (AWT) plant.

2. The major problems in Las Vegas Bay are an objectionable water color, excessive turbidity, noxious odors, and oxygen depletion in certain …

Report On Wastewater Disposal To Board Of County Commissioners, Clark County Nevada, Clair N. Sawyer

Publications (WR)

This report is concerned with the management of waste-waters and subsurface drainage from the City of Las Vegas and its environs and the BMI complex, all in Clark County, Nevada. The prime objective is to recommend a plan of action which will utilize the natural resources of the area in the least costly manner and still protect Lake Mead for recreational purposes and use as a public water supply, At this writing, conditions in the upper Las Vegas arm of Boulder Basin are quite unsatisfactory for some recreational purposes due to the extensive blooms of algae which develop. Experience at …

Effect Of The Chesapeake-Elizabeth Sewage Outfall Virginia Beach, Virginia On The Distribution And Ecology Of Benthic Foraminifera, James M. Bates Jr.

OES Theses and Dissertations

Sediment and bottom water samples from seven stations at the Chesapeake Elizabeth sewage outfall, Virginia Beach, Virginia were collected in order to evaluate the effect of the outfall on benthic foraminifera. The top centimeter of sediment was analyzed for living and total (live plus dead) foraminiferal densities, chlorophyll a, sediment grain size, ATP, percentage of silt and clay, and total organic carbon. Bottom water salinity, temperature, and ammonia were also analyzed.

Living foraminiferal density increased from March to July and with distance from the outfall. Total foraminiferal density also increased from March to July. The set of environmental variables was …

Final Report - Lake Mead Monitoring Program, James E. Deacon

Publications (WR)

The Lake Mead monitoring program has developed a substantial body of information on the physical, chemical and biological limnology of Lake Mead since 1972. This report summarizes pertinent aspects of that data, with emphasis on studies completed in 1975 -76. It is our continuing hope that the data developed by us will be useful to an ever broader group of users of the water resource represented by Lake Mead. We have been privileged to see our data have a significant influence in some very important water resource decisions over the past four years. There is every reason to expect that …

Distribution Of Stream Pollution In Lake Water, Richard W. Tew, Samuel S. Egdorf, James E. Deacon

Publications (WR)

Wastewater effluent-laden waters from Las Vegas Wash (LVW) form a density current that may be detected in Boulder Basin of Lake Mead at considerable distances from the wash estuary. This led to the suspicion that water from the inflowing stream [40 mgd (1.5 X 10⁵ cu m/day)] might not be rapidly diluted in the enormous volume of the lake [19 mil acre-ft (2.3 X 10¹⁰ cu m)], but might persist as a recognizable entity to the vicinity of the intake of a major water source for populous Clark County, Nev.

Because of the detection sensitivity implicit in the …

The Nature And Distribution Of Enteric Bacteria In Las Vegas Bay, Samuel S. Egdorf

Publications (WR)

The distribution of water and of enteric bacteria of possible fecal origin into Las Vegas Bay from Las Vegas Wash was determined. Determination of distribution patterns was attained by applying the concept of the population component ratio of enteric bacteria. The development and application of new techniques and methods implicit in the application of the "component ratio" concept are discussed. The unreliability of thoroughly referenced techniques and methods generally accepted as standard are treated in detail. Physical factors affecting the distribution and deposition of enteric bacteria (including those of special public health importance) in Las Vegas Bay are also discussed.

An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Dredging Within The Arkansas River Navigation System, Volume Iii-The Effects Upon The Zooplankton Associations, Edgar D. Short, Eugene H. Schmitz

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The primary purpose of the zooplankton phase of the coordinated study was to attempt to evaluate the effects of dredging operations on the abundance, distribution, composition and complexity of the zooplankton communities within the aquatic system of the Arkansas River. The other phases of investigation include fish, macroinvertebrates, phytoplankton and some physico-chemical parameters. The lack of baseline data, needed for measurement of previous ecological conditions from which to detect past and future changes, proved to be a major impediment to any evaluation. Although the study involved only about 240 miles of the river in Arkansas, it should serve as an …

Fisheries Report No 26 - Report On Lake Chandala With Recommendations Of Its Importance As A Fauna Reserve, Alan Tingay, Susan R. Tingay

Fisheries Research Reports

The hydrology, vegetation, fauna and land use of Lake Chandala (31°30 'S, 115°57'E) is described on the basis of field and literature surveys. The significance of the Lake as a Straw-necked Ibis (Thresktornts spinicollis) nesting rookery is emphasised and recommendations are made for its acquisition and future management.

1976 Pasture Species Investigations - High Rainfall Area, D A. Nicholas

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

1. Clover cultivar grazing trial - North Bannister - 68NA1. 2. Perennial versus Annual grass grazing trial Manjimup Research Station - 72MN5. 3. Pasture types x stocking rate trial - Denmark - 72D1. 4. Clover cultivar evaluation trial - Denmark - 76D4. 5. Clover cultivar evaluation trial - Esperance - 76ES11.

Genetic Studies Of Cave And Spring Populations Of The Freshwater Amphipod Crustacean Gammarus Minus Say, Steven Wolf Hetrick

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The amphipod Gammaru. minus has three morphotypes in its Appalachian range : (1) a spring form with well-developed eyes, (2) an intermediate cave form with slightly reduced eyes, and (3) an extreme cave form with greatly reduced eyes. This study compares the genetic structure of populations in two karst areas and analyzes the genetics of populations of the three morphotypes.

Genetic data were collected from populations in the Ward's Cove, Virginia and Greenbrier Valley, West Virginia karst areas using zone electrophoresis zymograms. One hundred percent of the Ward's Cove populations are polymorphic at both MDH-1 and PEP 1 loci …

Seasonal And Spatial Variation In Primary Productivity In Boulder Basin, Lake Mead, Clark County, Nevada, Isamu Aoki

Publications (WR)

The ¹⁴C light and dark bottle technique for measurement of primary production was utilized as a means of assessing the amount of inorganic carbon being converted Into organic form by the photosynthesis of phytoplankton populations In the Boulder Basin of Lake Mead.

Spatial and time series changes of productivity levels observed at eight sampling locations within Boulder Basin Indicate that the Influence of treated municipal arts' industrial effluent flowing into Les Vegas Bay is contributing high levels of available nutrients at Las Vegas Wash Inlet to cause productivity to approximate those levels associated with polluted waters.

Productivity levels at …

Fisheries Report No 16 - Notes On The Wildlife Of A Proposed Nature Reserve Around Lake Grace And Lake Chinokup, Western Australia, N. L. Mckenzie, W. K. Youngson

Fisheries Research Reports

During 1972 and 1973 plants and vertebrate animals were collected and recorded from a proposed 22 000 ha nature reserve centred on a chain of salt lakes in south-western Western Australia (33° 10' S - 33° 35' 8 and 118° 19' B - 118° 29' E).

The dominant plant species were collected, the structural formations desert bed and a vegetation map produced. Seven species of native terrestrial mammal and three species of bat were recorded.

Three of the terrestrial species are endemic to southwestern Western Australia, and two of these - Pseudomys occidentalis and Sminthopsis granulipes - are regarded as …

A Study Of Naturally Occurring Algicides Produced By Freshwater Algae, Denny O. Harris, Harry D. Caldwell

KWRRI Research Reports

The mode of action of the algicide produced by Pandorina morum was examined by exposing Volvox globator and isolates spinach chloroplasts to a partially purified algicide preparation. Oxygen evolution of Volvox, whole chloroplasts and broken chloroplasts (minus the Calvin cycle),was reduced indicating that the algicide inhibits the light reactions of photosynthesis. Oxygen evolution studies of other Volvocaceae confirmed the observation that Pandorina morum is not significantly influenced by its own inhibitor. Molecular weight approximation by gel filtration established that the inhibitor has a low molecular weight (probably below 100 mw). Field studies indicate that this algicide has tremendous potential as …

Observations On The Distribution And Composition Of Zooplankton In Portions Of The Intracoastal Waterway, Virginia, O. Clair Hillard Jr.

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Five stations were established in the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River, the Dismal Swamp Canal, the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal and the North Landing River. Representative samples of zooplankton were taken from October 1971 to June 1972. A. total of 57 species were identified and discussions regarding seasonal distribution in relation to physical factors and circulation are presented.

The composition of the zooplankton was found to fluctuate greatly due to the variables characteristic of the study area. The combined effect of tidal flow with freshwater input in conjunction with drainage from the Great Dismal Swamp, results in isolated populations …

Limnetic Zooplankton Dynamics In Beaver Reservoir Including An Inventory Of Copepod Species And An Evaluation Of Vertical Sampling Methods, Eugene H. Schmitz

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

There can be little doubt that the development of primary food sources (i.e. plankton) is an important factor contributing to fish production. Applegate and Mullan (1968) report that an exceptional sport fish harvest is generally associated with the development of new reservoirs, although the precise reasons for such interrelations are not known. Kramer and Smith (1962) demonstrated the tendency of bass fingerlings to feed on Cladocera in proportion to the latter's abundance, and Hodson (1966) reported the same basic pattern for largemouth and spotted bass fingerlings in Beaver Reservoir. Applegate and Mullan (1969) analyzed the digestive tract contents of larval …

Effects Of Mosquito Control Chemicals On Aquatic Fauna, J. L. Lancaster Jr., M. V. Meisch

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

No mosquito abatement districts have ever been organized in Arkansas. Mosquito control efforts have been largely adulticiding operations by either aerial application or ground thermal fogging machines. Practically no chemical applications have been directed at the larval stage in residual water in ditches and depressions from which adult populations arise. Some larviciding with ethyl parathion has been done in ricefields. Although the treatment is very effective in mosquito reduction, voluntary treatment has not been completely successful. Because relatively little insecticide has been used as a larvicide in Arkansas, it was possible to evaluate the effect of recommended larvicides on non-target …

Limnological, Ichthyological, And Parasitological Investigations On Arkansas Reservoris In Relation To Water Quality, John S. Carter, Carl E. Hoffman, Larry L. Olmsted, Raj V. Kilambi, Donald G. Cloutman, David A. Becker

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Lake Fort Smith, a 525 acre (212 ha) reservoir, was impounded in 1936 as a water supply for the city of Fort Smith. The reservoir is located on Clear Creek (Frog Bayou), a tributary of the Arkansas River, in the Boston Mountains 28 miles (45 km) northeast of the city of Fort Smith in Crawford County, Arkansas. A map and morphometric characteristics of Lake Fort Smith are given in Fig. 1 and Table I (Hoffman, 1951; Nelson, 1952). In 1956 Lake Shepherd Springs, a 750 acre (304 ha) impoundment, was created one mile upstream of Lake Fort Smith (Rorie, 1961). …

A Diurnal Zooplankton Migration Study In Lake Mead, Robert D. Staker

Publications (WR)

The diurnal vertical movement of zooplankton was first recorded in freshwater lakes by Weismann (1877) in Lake Constance (Bodensee), although Cuvier was credited with observing the migration of Daphniae in 1817 (Gushing, 1955). The migration is best observed in deep oligotrophic lakes and migrations of 50 m per day are described (Worthington, 1931). In addition, two species of chaetognaths are reported to migrate 400 m a day in marine waters off of Lisbon (Waterman and Berry, 1967) while Birge (1895) found little evidence of the phenomenon at all in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin. Most zooplankton that migrate rise at night and …

Phytoplankton Distribution And Water Quality Indices For Lake Mead (Colorado River), Robert D. Staker, Robert W. Hoshaw, Lorne G. Everett

Publications (WR)

Phytoplankton samples were collected in Lake Mend 6 times from September 1910 to June 1971 for 8 stations at depths of 0. 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 m. These samples were processed through a Millipore filter apparatus and 79 planktonic algae were identified. Algal divisions represented were Bacillariophyta, 42 species; Chlorophyta, 18 ; Cyanophyta, 9; Chrysophyta, 3; Cryptophyta, 3; Pyrrophyta, 2; and Euglenophyta, 2. Blue-green algae were dominant in late summer and fall; green algae, diatoms, and, cryptomonads in winter; and green algae in spring. The early summer flora was best represented by the Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, and Chrysophyta. Palmer's …

A Study Of Water-Soluble Inhibitory Compounds (Algicides) Produced By Fresh-Water Algae, Denny O. Harris, Manhar C. Parekh

KWRRI Research Reports

A complex system of growth inhibitors was observed in the green algae (Volvocaceae). Inhibitors were found in the culture filtrates of some genera which limit their own growth (autoinhibitors) while others in the family produce substances which check the growth of other genera (heteroinhibitors). These inhibitors were destroyed by autoclaving. It was decided that Pandorina morum, which produced the strongest inhibitor and Volvox tertius, the most sensitive to the inhibitor would make an excellent model system for a study of the chemical and physical properties of these naturally occurring algicides. The algicide could be removed from actively growing cultures about …

Enzyme And Tissue Alterations In Fishes: A Measure Of Water Quality, David E. Hinton, M. W. Kendall, J. C. Koenig

KWRRI Research Reports

A variety of freshwater fishes were studied by light and electron microscopy, enzyme histochemical and biochemical methods, The objective was to determine normal structure and function in specific target organs and to compare these to altered states in aquatic pollution. The basic question, "can fish tissues and enzymes serve as indicators of water quality?," was asked. Microscopic alteration in gill was indicative of copper toxicity at an exposure of 20 parts per billion, Gross and light microscopic alterations were indicative of a single exposure of channel catfish to 15 parts per million of methyl mercuric chloride (CH₃HgCl). Microscopic …

A Zooplankton Study Of Stumpy Lake, Virginia Beach, Virginia, Jose E. Hernandez

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A one year study was made of the zooplankton composition in Stumpy lake, a reservoir in the city of Virginia Beach, Virginia. Quantitative and qualitative -parameters were investigated under field conditions. The analysis of the data presents information on the monthly dynamics or the zooplankton and other fluctuations in the lake environment. It is the intention or this study to emphasize the seasonal changes in the zooplankton community and their relationship to the ecological factors responsible for these variations.

Final Report On Interrelationships Between Chemical, Physical And Biological Conditions Of The Waters Of Las Vegas Bay Of Lake Mead, James E. Deacon, Richard W. Tew

Publications (WR)

This program was a status study of the interaction between Las Vegas Wash, an enriched stream, and Las Vegas Bay, a wedge shaped arm of one of the world's deeper reservoirs. The program centered primarily on identification and counting of planktonic algae from several points in Las Vegas Bay. Additional work on nutrient enrichment of water samples was conducted to aid in interpretation of algal distribution related to nutrient input. Examination of a variety of physical, chemical, and biological parameters, both at many surface points in the bay, as well as in vertical profile, was also accomplished and further aided …

Bulletin No 3867 - Water For Agriculture. Clearing Cloudy Or Coloured Water, N. E. Platell

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

THE suspended material in most water supplies is generally clay, although sometimes organic matter and materials precipitated from solution, such as hydrated iron oxides, may be present. Coloured waters are those waters that are still coloured, due to dissolved coloured matter, after suspended material has been removed. Some coloured waters such as those found in swampy areas may be entirely free of suspended material.

The amount of clay or colour present is mainly of concern where the water is used for household purposes. Only rarely is the clay or colour present in such quantities that the water is undrinkable for …

A Mathmatical Model Of Primary Productivity And Limnological Patterns In Lake Mead, Lorne G. Everett

Publications (WR)

The temporal and spatial changes in chemical and biological properties of Lake Mead have been investigated, thereby indicating the sources of water pollution and the time of highest pollution potential. Planktonic organisms have been shown to indicate the presence of water problems. Macro- and micro-nutrient analyses have shown that primary productivity is not inhibited by limiting concentrations. A mathematical model has been developed, tested with one set of independent data, and shown worthy of management utility. Although the model works very well for the Lake Mead area, the physical reality of the Multiple Linear Regression equation should be tested on …

Diurnal Studies At A Station On An Urban Estuary In Norfolk, Virginia, Burton Marc Golue

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

No abstract.

A Report On The Condition Of The Gascoyne Catchment, D G. Wilcox, E A. Mckinnon

Resource management technical reports

Severe flooding in Carnarvon followed heavy rains on the Gascoyne Catchment in February 1961. The flooding and erosion were extensive enough to suggest that run-off from the catchment was excessive. Lightfoot (1961)* reported that excess run-off was due to degradation of the catchment area. This report will describe the catchment area in terms of the degradation of its rangeland and its susceptibility to erosion.

Water Quality And Benthos Of A Small East Central Illinois Stream, With A Selected Literature Review, Kenneth Lloyd Brummett

Masters Theses

Polecat Creek is an occasionally intermittent stream which drains approximately 18,368 acres in eastern Coles County, Illinois. It travels 15.2 miles through cropland and a partially wooded valley before it enters the Embarrass River 3 miles upstream from Lake Charleston. The stream ranges from 0.5 foot to 5 feet deep at a normal water level, with an average depth of 16 inches. It averages 12 feet wide, with a range from 4 to 20 feet.

A water quality study with 5 stations along the stream was conducted from January 1971 to July 1971. A qualitative benthos study at the same …

Range And Optimum Growth Concentrations Of Phosphate And Nitrate For Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii, Thomas E. Hill

Masters Theses

A study was conducted on the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to determine the range and optimum growth concentrations of phosphate and nitrate. There are only a few species of algae for which this type of data is known. Inorganic nutritional data is basic to the understanding of the complexities of phytoplankton ecology and eutrophication.

The "plus" strain of this heterothallic alga was cultured in a TRIS-buffered inorganic medium with various concentrations of sodium phosphate and potassium nitrate and adjusted to a pH of 7.4. The axenic cultures were evaluated at the end of 6 days with a spectrophotometer, at a wavelength …

Report On Water Pollution Problems In Las Vegas Wash And Las Vegas Bay, Environmental Protection Agency

Publications (WR)

This report was prepared by the Federal Water- Quality Administration, Pacific Southwest Region, now the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region IX, at the request of the State of Nevada, Department of Health, Welfare, and rehabilitation. In a letter, dated December 5, 1969, this agency asked for technical assistance, as authorized by the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, in developing discharge standards appropriate for Las Vegas Bay, Lake Mead, and the Lower Colorado River. The subsequent study was performed by EPA from January through August, 1970. The establishment of Nevada State Water Quality Standards for these waters will enable responsible officials …