Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Coordinated Investigation Of Midlatitude Upper Mesospheric Temperature Inversion Layers And The Associated Gravity Wave Forcing By Na Lidar And Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper In Logan, Utah, Tao Yuan, Pierre-Dominique Pautet, Y. Zhao, Xuguang Cai, Michael J. Taylor, Neal R. Criddle

All Physics Faculty Publications

Mesospheric inversion layers (MIL) are well studied in the literature but their relationship to the dynamic feature associated with the breaking of atmospheric waves in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) region are not well understood. Two strong MIL events (ΔT ~30 K) were observed above 90 km during a 6 day full diurnal cycle Na lidar campaign conducted from 6 August to 13 August Logan, Utah (42°N, 112°W). Colocated Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper observations provided key information on concurrent gravity wave (GW) events and their characteristics during the nighttime observations. The study found both MILs were well correlated with the development …

Validation Of The Air Force Weather Agency Ensemble Prediction Systems, William B. Clements

Theses and Dissertations

Air Force Weather Agency's (AFWA) Ensemble Prediction Systems (EPS), Global Ensemble Prediction System (GEPS), 20km Mesoscale Ensemble Prediction System (MEPS20) and 4km Mesoscale Prediction System (MEPS4), were evaluated from April to October 2013 for 10 locations around the world to determine how accurately forecast probabilities for wind and precipitation thresholds and lightning occurrence match observed frequencies using Aerodrome Routine Meteorological Reports (METARs) and Aerodrome Special Meteorological Reports (SPECIs). Reliability diagrams were created for each forecast hour detailing the Brier skill score (BSS) to depict EPS performance compared to climatology for each site and score composition through reliability, resolution and uncertainty. …

Cloud-Scale Ice-Supersaturated Regions Spatially Correlate With High Water Vapor Heterogeneities, Minghui Diao, Mark Zondlo, Andrew Heymsfield, L. Avallone, M. Paige, Stuart Beaton, T. Campos, D. Rogers

Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science

Cirrus clouds have large yet uncertain impacts on Earth's climate. Ice supersaturation (ISS) – where the relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi) is greater than 100% – is the prerequisite condition of ice nucleation. Here we use 1 Hz (~230 m) in situ, aircraft-based observations from 87° N to 67° S to analyze the spatial characteristics of ice-supersaturated regions (ISSRs). The median length of 1-D horizontal ISSR segments is found to be very small (~1 km), which is 2 orders of magnitude smaller than previously reported. To understand the conditions of these small-scale ISSRs, we compare individual ISSRs with …

Similar Resilience Attributes In Lakes With Different Management Practices, Didier L. Baho, Stina Drakare, Richard K. Johnson, Craig R. Allen, David G. Angeler

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

Liming has been used extensively in Scandinavia and elsewhere since the 1970s to counteract the negative effects of acidification. Communities in limed lakes usually return to acidified conditions once liming is discontinued, suggesting that liming is unlikely to shift acidified lakes to a state equivalent to pre-acidification conditions that requires no further management intervention. While this suggests a low resilience of limed lakes, attributes that confer resilience have not been assessed, limiting our understanding of the efficiency of costly management programs. In this study, we assessed community metrics (diversity, richness, evenness, biovolume), multivariate community structure and the relative resilience of …

Sfa Weather Station-March 2014, Arthur Temple College Of Forestry And Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University

Weather Station Data

No abstract provided.

Umphlett Qci March 2014, Natalie Umphlett

High Plains Regional Climate Center: Staff Publications

Highlights for the Basin

Temperature and Precipitation Anomalies

Mountain Snowpack

Agriculture

Tourism and Recreation

Missouri Basin Flood Outlook

U.S. Seasonal Drought Outlook

The Effects Of Changing Winds And Temperatures On The Oceanography Of The Ross Sea In The 21st Century, Walker O. Smith, Michael S. Dinniman, Eileen E. Hofmann, John M. Klinck

CCPO Publications

The Ross Sea is critically important in regulating Antarctic sea ice and is biologically productive, which makes changes in the region's physical environment of global concern. We examined the effects of projected changes in atmospheric temperatures and winds on aspects of the ocean circulation likely important to primary production using a high-resolution sea ice-ocean-ice shelf model of the Ross Sea. The modeled summer sea-ice concentrations decreased by 56% by 2050 and 78% by 2100. The duration of shallow mixed layers over the continental shelf increased by 8.5 and 19.2days in 2050 and 2100, and the mean summer mixed layer depths …

Nongeocentric Axial Dipole Field Behavior During The Mono Lake Excursion, Robert M. Negrini, Daniel T. Mccuan, Robert A. Horton, James D. Lopez, William S. Cassata, James E.T. Channell, Kenneth L. Verosub, Jeffrey R. Knott, Robert S. Coe, Joseph C. Liddicoat, Steven P. Lund, Larry V. Benson, Andrei M. Sarna-Wojcicki

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

A new record of the Mono Lake excursion (MLE) is reported from the Summer Lake basin of Oregon, USA. Sediment magnetic properties indicate magnetite as the magnetization carrier and imply suitability of the sediments as accurate recorders of the magnetic field including relative paleointensity (RPI) variations. The magnitudes and phases of the declination, inclination, and RPI components of the new record correlate well with other coeval but lower resolution records from western North America including records from the Wilson Creek Formation exposed around Mono Lake. The virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) path of the new record is similar to that from …

Quantifying The Impact Of Atmospheric Deposition On The Biogeochemistry Of Fe And Al In The Upper Ocean: A Decade Of Collaboration With The Us Clivar-Co2 Repeat Hydrography Program, Maxime Grand, Clifton Buck, William Landing, Christopher Measures, Mariko Hatta, William Hiscock, Matthew Brown, Joseph Resing

Faculty Publications

The aerosol deposition of continental material and its partial dissolution in the surface ocean exerts an important control on the distribution of iron and other potentially limiting trace metal (TM) micronutrients in the open ocean. This dust deposition has implications for the regulation of global climate through the coupling of biolimiting TM cycles, marine productivity, and the global carbon cycle. Thus, it is important to determine the locations of dust deposition in the open ocean and to quantify the magnitude and subsequent dissolution of the dust. At present, there are too few dust deposition estimates and solubility measurements in the …

Geotraces: Changing The Way We Explore Ocean Chemistry, Robert F. Anderson, Edward Mawji, Gregory A. Cutter, Christopher I. Measures, Catherine Jeandel

OES Faculty Publications

GEOTRACES is an international study of the marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes (TEIs), designed by marine geochemists to accelerate TEI research under a global program. Combining ocean sections, process studies, data synthesis, and modeling, GEOTRACES will identify and quantify the processes that supply TEIs at ocean boundaries as well as the physical and biological processes that redistribute TEIs within and between ocean basins. Constraining processes that remove TEIs from the ocean will enable complete mass budgets to be generated. Anticipated beneficiaries of GEOTRACES products include scientists studying the sustained health of marine ecosystems and their sensitivity …

Water Movement Through The Unsaturated Zone Of The High Plains Aquifer In The Central Platte Natural Resources District, Nebraska, 2008-12, Gregory V. Steele, Jason J. Gurdak, Christopher M. Hobza

United States Geological Survey: Water Reports and Publications

Uncertainty about the effects of land use and climate on water movement in the unsaturated zone and on groundwater recharge rates can lead to uncertainty in water budgets used for groundwater-flow models. To better understand these effects, a cooperative study between the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the Central Platte Natural Resources District (CP NRD) was initiated in 2007 to determine field-based estimates of recharge rates in selected land-use areas of the CP NRD in Nebraska. Measured total water potential and unsaturated-zone profiles of tritium, chloride, nitrate as nitrogen, and bromide, along with groundwater-age dates, were used to evaluate …

Influence Of Regional Precipitation Patterns On Stable Isotopes In Ice Cores From The Central Himalayas, H. Pang, S. Hou, Susan Kaspari, P. A. Mayewski

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Several ice cores have been recovered from the Dasuopu (DSP) Glacier and the East Rongbuk (ER) Glacier in the central Himalayas since the 1990s. Although the distance between the DSP and the ER ice core drilling sites is only 125 km, the stable isotopic record (18O or D) of the DSP core is interpreted in previous studies as a temperature proxy, while the ER core is interpreted as a precipitation proxy. Thus, the climatological significance of the stable isotopic records of these Himalayan ice cores remains a subject of debate. Based on analysis of regional precipitation patterns over the region, …

The Role Of Conservation Partnerships Between Scientists And Nonprofit Agencies In Freshwater Science And Management, Robert S. Stelzer, Donna R. Kashian

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

Funding agencies and scientific researchers are finding increasingly often that partnerships with nonprofit organizations and local communities are necessary to obtain sustainable outcomes. Scientists, nonprofit organizations, community members, and managers can extract ideas from these examples to guide development of successful new partnerships. Professional scientists and the community at large, including non-profit organizations, benefit from increased engagement and power sharing.

Capacity Building In Stakeholders Around Detroit Riverfish Consumption Advisory Issues, Donna R. Kashian, Ann E. Krause, Larissa Sano, Branda Nowell, Ken G. Drouillard

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

The Detroit River is an international water body that has several fish consumption advisories for contaminants that affect human health and economic revenue for the USA and Canada. Despite the importance of these advisories, little progress has been made in developing effective management strategies or coordinating monitoring, research, and policy efforts between the 2 nations. We engaged 44 stakeholder organizations to in- crease community capacity on these issues for the Detroit River. We assessed capacity with key informant interviews and a network survey. Our analysis identified weak ties in information sharing and collaboration between countries. We used this information to …

Survival Of Hatchery Gulf Sturgeon (Acipenser Oxyrinchus Desotoi Mitchill, 1815) In The Suwannee River, Florida: A 19-Year Evaluation, K. J. Sulak, M. T. Randall, J. P. Clugston

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

An experimental release of 1192 hatchery-reared, individually PIT tagged, 220 days old (296–337 mm TL) Gulf sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi, was undertaken in 1992 in the Suwannee River, Florida. The original objectives of the 1992 release experiment were to: (1) evaluate survival rate of cultured Gulf sturgeon in the wild vs survival rate of their wild 1992 cohort counterparts, (2) determine the differential effect of release site within the river upon long-term survival, and (3) evaluate comparative growth rates of recaptured hatchery vs captured wild 1992 cohort Gulf sturgeon. The present investigation addressed those original objectives, plus an additional fourth …

Perceived Risk Of Predation Affects Reproductive Life-History Traits In Gambusia Holbrooki, But Not In Heterandria Formosa, Shomen Kukherjee, Michael Heithaus, Joel C. Trexler, Jayanti Ray-Mukherjee, Jeremy Vaudo

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Key to predicting impacts of predation is understanding the mechanisms through which predators impact prey populations. While consumptive effects are well-known, non-consumptive predator effects (risk effects) are increasingly being recognized as important. Studies of risk effects, however, have focused largely on how trade-offs between food and safety affect fitness. Less documented, and appreciated, is the potential for predator presence to directly suppress prey reproduction and affect life-history characteristics. For the first time, we tested the effects of visual predator cues on reproduction of two prey species with different reproductive modes, lecithotrophy (i.e. embryonic development primarily fueled by yolk) and matrotrophy …

A Review Of Air–Ice Chemical And Physical Interactions (Aici): Liquids, Quasi-Liquids, And Solids In Snow, T. Bartels-Rausch, H-W Jacobi, T. F. Kahan, J. L. Thomas, E. S. Thomson, J. P. D. Abbatt, M. Ammann, J. R. Blackford, H. Bluhm, Chris Boxe, F. Domine, M. M. Frey, I. Gladich, M. I. Guzmán, D. Heger, Th. Huthwelker, P. Klán, W. F. Kuhs, M. H. Kuo, S. Maus, S. G. Moussa, V. F. Mcneill, J. T. Newberg, J. B. C. Pettersson, M. Roeselová, J. R. Sodeau

Publications and Research

Snow in the environment acts as a host to rich chemistry and provides a matrix for physical exchange of contaminants within the ecosystem. The goal of this review is to summarise the current state of knowledge of physical processes and chemical reactivity in surface snow with relevance to polar regions. It focuses on a description of impurities in distinct compartments present in surface snow, such as snow crystals, grain boundaries, crystal surfaces, and liquid parts. It emphasises the microscopic description of the ice surface and its link with the environment. Distinct differences between the disordered air–ice interface, often termed quasi-liquid …

Welcome And Opening Remarks, Rick C. Chappell

Magnetospheric-Ionospheric Coupling Conference

No abstract provided.

The Climate Change Challenge: An Update From Washington, Christina Deconcini

ELPR Annual Symposium

No abstract provided.

Sfa Weather Station-February 2014, Arthur Temple College Of Forestry And Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University

Weather Station Data

No abstract provided.

The Influence Of Recurrent Modes Of Climate Variability On The Occurrence Of Winter And Summer Extreme Temperatures Over North America, Paul C. Loikith, Anthony J. Broccoli

Geography Faculty Publications and Presentations

The influence of the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern, the northern annular mode (NAM), and the El Ni~no–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on extreme temperature days and months over North America is examined. Associations between extreme temperature days and months are strongest with the PNA and NAM andweaker for ENSO. In general, the associationwith extremes tends to be stronger onmonthly than daily time scales and for winter as compared to summer. Extreme temperatures are associated with the PNAandNAMin the vicinity of the centers of action of these circulation patterns; however, many extremes also occur on days when the amplitude and polarity of these …

Simulation Of Meteorological Fields For Icing Applications At The Summit Of Mount Washington, Sandra L. Jones

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Hazards related to in-cloud icing on aircraft and ground structures are important considerations for structural design, risk mitigation and operations. A variety of robust ice accretion algorithms exist for application dependent purposes; however, these algorithms are often dependent on reliable meteorological input data to be of use. This study investigates the potential for predicting meteorological parameters relevant to in-cloud icing episodes at ground level using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Model performance with regards to explicit simulation of super-cooled cloud liquid water content, cloud droplet diameter, temperature, and wind speed is evaluated against measurements collected at the summit …

Numerical Study Of Canopy Flows In Complex Terrain, Xiyan Xu

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Canopy flow plays a substantial role in regulating atmosphere-biosphere exchanges of mass and energy. The worldwide FLUXNET has been developed to quantify the net ecosystem exchange of mass and energy through fluid dynamics in and above vegetation canopy using tower-based eddy covariance (EC) technique. However, EC measurements are subject to advection errors in complex terrain, particularly during nights when atmospheric stability is strong. Because EC measurements are one-dimensional (1D), three-dimensional (3D) air movement, CO2 transport, and temperature variation around the instrumented tower are unknown. We employ a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to investigate the impact on CO2 transport of …

Hurricane Preparedness: Community Vulnerability And Medically Fragile Populations, Joshua G. Behr, Rafael Diaz

VMASC Publications

No abstract provided.

Osmb Final Report: Task 5. Zebra And Quagga Mussel Early-Detection Monitoring In High Risk Oregon Waters, Steve W. Wells, Mark Sytsma

Center for Lakes and Reservoirs Publications and Presentations

Neither zebra nor quagga mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. rostriformis bugensis, respectively) were detected by Portland State University (PSU) during their early detection sampling in Oregon water bodies during 2013. PSU conducted sampling for planktonic larvae, juvenile, and adult mussels at nine Oregon water bodies during the July to August period coinciding with water temperatures favorable for mussel spawning. A total of 113 plankton samples were collected and over 1.6 million liters of lake water were filtered through 63-μm mesh nets during plankton sample collection. The greatest sampling effort occurred in East Lake, Prineville Reservoir, and Paulina Lake; these water …

Aquatic Invasive Species Surveys Of Eastern Oregon Waterbodies In 2013 And 2014, Rich Miller, Mark D. Sytsma

Center for Lakes and Reservoirs Publications and Presentations

Early detection aquatic invasive species (AIS) surveys were conducted at 33 Eastern Oregon waterbodies during the summers of 2013 and 2014. Submerged aquatic plants, gastropods, bivalves, and crayfish were collected using a thatch rake, benthic dredge, plankton net, and modified minnow traps. Shoreline aquatic noxious weeds were noted when present and water quality characteristics were measured. Two AIS snail species, one AIS crayfish species, and five AIS plant species were detected during the surveys. Big-ear radix snails (Radix auricularia) were newly detected at 14 waterbodies distributed across the survey area. Chinese mystery snails (Cipangopaludina chinensis) were …

Climate Change, Resource And Infrastructure Use: Emerging Regional And International Law Issues, Rudiger Tscherning, Francis Botchway, Muna Mustafa H A Al-Marzouqi

ELPR Annual Symposium

No abstract provided.

Light Detection And Ranging (Lidar) And Multispectral Scanner (Mss) Studies Examine Coastal Environments Influenced By Mining, W. Charles Kerfoot, Martin M. Hobmeier, Foad Yousef, Sarah A. Green, Robert Regis, Colin N. Brooks, Robert Shuchman, Jamey Anderson, Molly Reif

Michigan Tech Research Institute Publications

There are numerous examples of past and present mine disposal into freshwater and marine coastal bays and riverine environments. Due to its high spatial resolution and extended water penetration, coastal light detection and ranging (LiDAR), coupled with multispectral scanning (MSS), has great promise for resolving disturbed shoreline features in low turbidity environments. Migrating mine tailings present serious issues for Lake Superior and coastal marine environments. Previous investigations in Lake Superior uncovered a metal-rich “halo” around the Keweenaw Peninsula, related to past copper mining practices. For over a century, waste rock migrating from shoreline tailing piles has moved along extensive stretches …

Fish Species Introductions Provide Novel Insights Into The Patterns And Drivers Of Phylogenetic Structure In Freshwaters, Angela L. Strecker, Julian D. Olden

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Despite long-standing interest of terrestrial ecologists, freshwater ecosystems are a fertile, yet unappreciated, testing ground for applying community phylogenetics to uncover mechanisms of species assembly. We quantify phylogenetic clustering and overdispersion of native and non-native fishes of a large river basin in the American Southwest to test for the mechanisms (environmental filtering versus competitive exclusion) and spatial scales influencing community structure. Contrary to expectations, non-native species were phylogenetically clustered and related to natural environmental conditions, whereas native species were not phylogenetically structured, likely reflecting human-related changes to the basin. The species that are most invasive (in terms of ecological impacts) …

Local Meteorological Modeling To Support Flight Training Operations, Austin D. Wardall, Melanie A. Wetzel

Aviation / Aeronautics / Aerospace International Research Conference

Spatial and temporal variability in atmospheric conditions directly impact pilot safety and training objectives. Specific conditions of frequent concern to the ERAU Prescott flight training operations include boundary layer wind shear and turbulence. These conditions are most common during spring and summer months due to vertical wind shear, unstable air temperature profiles and thunderstorm-produced gust fronts. Case study comparisons of a high resolution meteorological forecasting model can demonstrate the value of operational modeling in support of a flight training program.