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2011

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Articles 301 - 330 of 403

Full-Text Articles in Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Human Sanitary Wastes And Waste Treatment In New York City, David J. Tonjes, Christine O'Connell, Omkar Aphale, R. Lawrence Swanson Jan 2011

Human Sanitary Wastes And Waste Treatment In New York City, David J. Tonjes, Christine O'Connell, Omkar Aphale, R. Lawrence Swanson

Technology & Society Faculty Publications

Henry Hudson first sailed toNew Yorkharbor 400 years ago. Since then,New York Cityhas both affected and been affected by water quality in greaterNew YorkHarbor. In this paper, we focus on sewers, sewerage, and sewage treatment inManhattanand their effects on theHudson River. It is clear that feedbacks among drinking water quality and quantity, population, public perceptions, regulations, and estuarine water quality exist, although their strength and character have varied over time. Early land uses damaged local water supplies found on ManhattanIsland. New Yorkthen began to exploit the large fresh water resources available to its north, which helped the City to expand …

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Evaluating Methods For Optimizing Classification Success From Otolith Tracers For Spotted Seatrout (Cynoscion Nebulosus) In The Chesapeake Bay, Stacy Kavita Beharry Jan 2011

Evaluating Methods For Optimizing Classification Success From Otolith Tracers For Spotted Seatrout (Cynoscion Nebulosus) In The Chesapeake Bay, Stacy Kavita Beharry

OES Theses and Dissertations

Identifying the natal sources of fish is an important step in understanding its population dynamics. Adult recruits are often sourced from multiple nursery areas, with good quality locations contributing disproportionately more fish to the adult stock. Because population persistence is strongly influenced by nursery habitat, methods that correctly identify the source of recruits are necessary for effective management. Within the last decade, otolith chemistry signatures have been increasingly used as a natural marker to delineate fish from a mixture of nursery sources. Despite the widespread use of otolith trace element and stable isotope ratios as habitat markers, the statistical approaches …

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Use Of Sarima Models To Assess Data-Poor Fisheries: A Case Study With A Sciaenid Fishery Off Portugal, Nuno Prista, Norou Diawara, Maria J. Costa, Cynthia M. Jones Jan 2011

Use Of Sarima Models To Assess Data-Poor Fisheries: A Case Study With A Sciaenid Fishery Off Portugal, Nuno Prista, Norou Diawara, Maria J. Costa, Cynthia M. Jones

OES Faculty Publications

Research on assessment and monitoring methods has primarily focused on fisheries with long multivariate data sets. Less research exists on methods applicable to data-poor fisheries with univariate data sets with a small sample size. In this study, we examine the capabilities of seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models to fit, forecast, and monitor the landings of such data-poor fisheries. We use a European fishery on meagre (Sciaenidae: Argyrosomus regius), where only a short time series of landings was available to model (n=60 months), as our case-study. We show that despite the limited sample size, a SARIMA model could …

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Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane And The Stoichiometry Of Remineralization Processes In Continental Margin Sediments, David J. Burdige, Tomoko Kamada Jan 2011

Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane And The Stoichiometry Of Remineralization Processes In Continental Margin Sediments, David J. Burdige, Tomoko Kamada

OES Faculty Publications

In many coastal and continental margin sediments, pore-water property-property plots yield values of rc:s, the stoichiometric ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) produced to sulfate reduced, that are lower than the commonly assumed value of 2. Remineralization of organic matter more reduced than CH2O can cause such observations, as can DIC loss due to authigenic carbonate precipitation. However, through studies of Santa Monica Basin sediments, we have observed that these observations could also be related to the occurrence of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in sediments. Specifically, using a reactive transport sediment model, we have shown …

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Cascading Migrations And Implications For Vertical Fluxes In Pelagic Ecosystems, Stephen M. Bollens, Gretchen Rollwagen-Bollens, Joel A. Quenette, Alexander B. Bochdansky Jan 2011

Cascading Migrations And Implications For Vertical Fluxes In Pelagic Ecosystems, Stephen M. Bollens, Gretchen Rollwagen-Bollens, Joel A. Quenette, Alexander B. Bochdansky

OES Faculty Publications

Diel vertical migration is widespread across diverse taxa in the world's lakes and seas, yet its biogeochemical consequences are still poorly understood. The biologically mediated vertical flux of material in the ocean (also known as the "biological pump") is a matter of major interest and concern, as it is thought to play an important role in regulating ocean carbon storage, and by extension, the global carbon cycle. Recent studies spanning multiple trophic levels from fish to dinoflagellates have led us to a concept of coupled vertical migrations that we refer to as "cascading migrations". That is, migrations that …

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Modern Dirty Sea Ice Characteristics And Sources: The Role Of Anchor Ice, Dennis A. Darby, Wesley B. Myers, Martin Jakobsson, Ignatius Rigor Jan 2011

Modern Dirty Sea Ice Characteristics And Sources: The Role Of Anchor Ice, Dennis A. Darby, Wesley B. Myers, Martin Jakobsson, Ignatius Rigor

OES Faculty Publications

Extensive dirty ice patches with up to 7 kg m-2 sediment concentrations in layers of up to 10 cm thickness were encountered in 2005 and 2007 in numerous areas across the central Arctic. The Fe grain fingerprint determination of sources for these sampled dirty ice floes indicated both Russian and Canadian sources, with the latter dominating. The presence of benthic shells and sea weeds along with thick layers (2-10 cm) of sediment covering 5-10 m2 indicates an anchor ice entrainment origin as opposed to suspension freezing for some of these floes. The anchor ice origin might explain the …

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Draft Genome Sequence Of Strain Himb100, A Cultured Representative Of The Sar116 Clade Of Marine Alphaproteobacteria, Jana Grote, Cansu Bayindirli, Kristin Bergauer, Paula C. De Moraes, Huan Chen, Lindsay D'Ambrosio, Bethany Edwards, Beatriz Fernandez-Gomez, Mariam Hamisi, Dan Nguyen, Yoshimi M. Rii, Emily Saeck, Charles Schutte, Brittany Widner Jan 2011

Draft Genome Sequence Of Strain Himb100, A Cultured Representative Of The Sar116 Clade Of Marine Alphaproteobacteria, Jana Grote, Cansu Bayindirli, Kristin Bergauer, Paula C. De Moraes, Huan Chen, Lindsay D'Ambrosio, Bethany Edwards, Beatriz Fernandez-Gomez, Mariam Hamisi, Dan Nguyen, Yoshimi M. Rii, Emily Saeck, Charles Schutte, Brittany Widner

OES Faculty Publications

Strain HIMB100 is a planktonic marine bacterium in the class Alphaproteobacteria. This strain is of interest because it is one of the first known isolates from a globally ubiquitous clade of marine bacteria known as SAR116 within the family Rhodospirillaceae. Here we describe preliminary features of the organism, together with the draft genome sequence and annotation. This is the second genome sequence of a member of the SAR116 clade. The 2,458,945 bp genome contains 2,334 protein-coding and 42 RNA gene

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Florida Straits Deglacial Temperature And Salinity Change: Implications For Tropical Hydrologic Cycle Variability During The Younger Dryas, Matthew W. Schmidt, Jean Lynch-Stieglitz Jan 2011

Florida Straits Deglacial Temperature And Salinity Change: Implications For Tropical Hydrologic Cycle Variability During The Younger Dryas, Matthew W. Schmidt, Jean Lynch-Stieglitz

OES Faculty Publications

The prevailing paradigm of abrupt climate change holds that rapid shifts associated with the most extreme climate swings of the last glacial cycle were forced by changes in the strength and northward extension of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), resulting in an abrupt reorganization of atmospheric circulation patterns with global teleconnections. To determine the timing of tropical Atlantic atmospheric circulation changes over the past 21 ka BP, we reconstruct high resolution sea surface temperature and δ18OSW (a proxy for surface salinity) records based on Mg/Ca ratios and oxygen isotope measurements in the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber from …

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Meridional Shifts In The Marine Itcz And The Tropical Hydrologic Cycle Over The Last Three Glacial Cycles, Matthew W. Schmidt, Howard J. Spero Jan 2011

Meridional Shifts In The Marine Itcz And The Tropical Hydrologic Cycle Over The Last Three Glacial Cycles, Matthew W. Schmidt, Howard J. Spero

OES Faculty Publications

Paleoproxy studies show a strong correlation between tropical climate and high-latitude temperature variability recorded in the Greenland ice cores over the last glacial cycle. In particular, abrupt cooling events in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project II δ18O ice record appear synchronous with a southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the Atlantic, a weakening of the Indian and East Asian monsoon systems, and a strengthening of the South American monsoon system. Because this high-to-low-latitude climate teleconnection significantly alters the tropical hydrologic cycle around the globe, it plays a critical role in regulating global climate on glacial-interglacial …

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Evidence From The Florida Straits For Younger Dryas Ocean Circulation Changes, Jean Lynch-Stieglitz, Matthew W. Schmidt, William B. Curry Jan 2011

Evidence From The Florida Straits For Younger Dryas Ocean Circulation Changes, Jean Lynch-Stieglitz, Matthew W. Schmidt, William B. Curry

OES Faculty Publications

The waters passing through the Florida Straits today reflect both the western portion of the wind-driven subtropical gyre and the northward flow of the upper waters which cross the equator, compensating North Atlantic Deep Water export as part of the large-scale Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. It has been postulated from various lines of evidence that the overturning circulation was weaker during the Younger Dryas cold event of the last deglaciation. We show here that the contrast in the oxygen isotopic composition of benthic foraminiferal tests across the Florida Current is reduced during the Younger Dryas. This most likely reflects a …

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Early Season Depletion Of Dissolved Iron In The Ross Sea Polynya: Implications For Iron Dynamics On The Antarctic Continental Shelf, Peter N. Sedwick, C. M. Marsay, B. M. Sohst, A. M. Aguilar-Islas, M. C. Lohan, M. C. Long, K. R. Arrigo, R. B. Dunbar, M. A. Saito, W. O. Smith, G. R. Ditullio Jan 2011

Early Season Depletion Of Dissolved Iron In The Ross Sea Polynya: Implications For Iron Dynamics On The Antarctic Continental Shelf, Peter N. Sedwick, C. M. Marsay, B. M. Sohst, A. M. Aguilar-Islas, M. C. Lohan, M. C. Long, K. R. Arrigo, R. B. Dunbar, M. A. Saito, W. O. Smith, G. R. Ditullio

OES Faculty Publications

The Ross Sea polynya is among the most productive regions in the Southern Ocean and may constitute a significant oceanic CO2sink. Based on results from several field studies, this region has been considered seasonally iron limited, whereby a "winter reserve" of dissolved iron (dFe) is progressively depleted during the growing season to low concentrations (~ 0.1 nM) that limit phytoplankton growth in the austral summer (December-February). Here we report new iron data for the Ross Sea polynya during austral summer 2005-2006 (27 December-22 January) and the following austral spring 2006 (16 November-3 December). The summer 2005-2006 data show …

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Characterization Of Heterogeneities And Domains In Aquatic And Sedimentary Organic Matter By 1 H Spin Diffusion: Potential For Elucidating The Formation Mechanisms, Jingdong Mao, Xiaoyan Cao Jan 2011

Characterization Of Heterogeneities And Domains In Aquatic And Sedimentary Organic Matter By 1 H Spin Diffusion: Potential For Elucidating The Formation Mechanisms, Jingdong Mao, Xiaoyan Cao

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Although the information on domains and heterogeneities of natural organic matter (NOM) can provide insights into its formation mechanisms, the appropriate solid-state NMR technique for measuring them is still lacking. The traditional technique requires mobility differences in NOM whereas NOM components are primarily rigid. We introduced a new 1H spin diffusion technique, 1H-13C two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation (2D HETCOR) NMR with 1H spin diffusion, for characterization of domains and heterogeneities in aquatic and sedimentary organic matter. It was achieved by collecting a series of 2D HETCOR spectra with a variable mixing time, tm', and …

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Engineering Our Climate: A Critical Review Of The Geoengineering Response To Climate Change, Gary Huff Jan 2011

Engineering Our Climate: A Critical Review Of The Geoengineering Response To Climate Change, Gary Huff

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Various responses to greenhouse gas induced climate change have been proposed within the literature. While the most desirable response is to dramatically reduce greenhouse gas emissions, technological and financial obstacles make it difficult to realize the reductions necessary to solve the climate change problem. Several geoengineering schemes have been proposed that would compensate for increased greenhouse gas concentrations by reducing the solar energy absorbed by Earth. The most notable of these shortwave climate engineering schemes involves injection of sulfur aerosols into the stratosphere in order to disperse incoming radiation. This paper examines the geoengineering responses to climate change and demonstrates …

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Clean Energy Water Disinfection For Small, Remote Rural Communities, Ryan M. Lee Jan 2011

Clean Energy Water Disinfection For Small, Remote Rural Communities, Ryan M. Lee

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

Access to drinking water is essential to all life, yet in many developing and remote communities, it is often contaminated with disease causing pathogens. This project was created in response to the annual WERC Environmental Design Competition. This year’s specific challenge was to develop human powered, stand-alone, effective, easily implemented, and economical water disinfection systems. Many technologies were evaluated; however, bleach and ultraviolet (UV) light treatments were determined to be most applicable to remote and impoverished communities. The Razorback Microcide WERC Crew designed and demonstrated two systems independently featuring bleach and UV disinfection technology. Both systems include a high capacity, …

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Direct And Indirect Effects Of An Invasive Planktonic Predator On Pelagic Food Webs, Angela L. Strecker, Beatrix E. Beisner, Shelley E. Arnott, Andrew M. Paterson, Jennifer G. Winter, Ora E. Johannsson, Norman D. Yan Jan 2011

Direct And Indirect Effects Of An Invasive Planktonic Predator On Pelagic Food Webs, Angela L. Strecker, Beatrix E. Beisner, Shelley E. Arnott, Andrew M. Paterson, Jennifer G. Winter, Ora E. Johannsson, Norman D. Yan

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

The relative importance of top-down invader effects relative to environmental drivers was determined by sampling crustacean zooplankton, rotifer, and phytoplankton communities in a set of invaded and noninvaded reference lakes. The non-native invertebrate predator Bythotrephes had significant effects on zooplankton community size structure, rotifers, and phytoplankton taxonomic composition, but no significant effects on crustacean zooplankton taxonomic and functional group composition. Part of the variation in phytoplankton communities was explained by the presence of the invader. Because Bythotrephes is generally known to be a carnivore and to not consume phytoplankton, this effect is likely mediated by the zooplankton community’s response to …

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The Lightning-Tgf Relationship On Microsecond Ttimescales, Steven A. Cummer, Gaopeng Lu, Michael S. Briggs, Valerie Connaughton, Shaolin Xiong, Gerald Jerry Fishman, Joseph R. Dwyer Jan 2011

The Lightning-Tgf Relationship On Microsecond Ttimescales, Steven A. Cummer, Gaopeng Lu, Michael S. Briggs, Valerie Connaughton, Shaolin Xiong, Gerald Jerry Fishman, Joseph R. Dwyer

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

We analyze the count rates of two terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) with the broadband magnetic fields (1 to 300 kHz) produced by the simultaneous lightning processes. The microsecond-scale absolute time accuracy for these data, combined with independent geolocations of the source lightning, enable this analysis with higher accuracy than previously possible. In both events, fast discharge-like processes occur within several tens of microseconds of the gamma-ray generation, although not with a consistent relationship. The magnetic field data also show a slower signal component produced by a source current that in both events …

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High-Speed X-Ray Images Of Triggered Lightning Dart Leaders, Joseph R. Dwyer, M. M. Schaal, Hamid K. Rassoul, Martin A. Uman, Douglas M. Jordan, Dustin Hill Jan 2011

High-Speed X-Ray Images Of Triggered Lightning Dart Leaders, Joseph R. Dwyer, M. M. Schaal, Hamid K. Rassoul, Martin A. Uman, Douglas M. Jordan, Dustin Hill

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

We present the first high-time resolution two-dimensional images of X-ray emissions from lightning. The images were recorded at a rate of 10 million per second using a new pinhole-type camera, located 44 m from rocket-and-wire- triggered lightning. We report observations of two dart leaders, one in each of two lightning flashes triggered during the summer of 2010 in north-central Florida. In both events, as the dart leader approached the ground, the X-ray source was also seen to descend along the previous lightning channel. For the second event, the X-ray source exhibited a downward speed of 4.5 × 10 7 m/s, …

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Novel Optical Remote Sensing Technology For Prediction Of Harmful Algal Blooms, Elizabeth Tobin Jan 2011

Novel Optical Remote Sensing Technology For Prediction Of Harmful Algal Blooms, Elizabeth Tobin

Link Foundation Ocean Engineering and Instrumentation Fellowship Reports

Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) are outbreaks of planktonic algae that threaten public health, degrade aquatic ecosystems and cause major economic losses. Most HABs are detected only after they reach an advanced stage, when they have already caused significant ecological and economic damage. However, many HAB-forming species have two distinct life stages, a dormant benthic stage and a vegetative pelagic stage.The primary objective of this project was to construct and test a prototype of an autonomous optical sensor for the detection and characterization of HAB-forming algae as they emerge from the sediments.

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Reconstructing Sea Level Using Cyclostationary Empirical Orthogonal Functions, B. D. Hamlington, R. R. Leben, R. S. Nerem, W. Han, K.-Y. Kim Jan 2011

Reconstructing Sea Level Using Cyclostationary Empirical Orthogonal Functions, B. D. Hamlington, R. R. Leben, R. S. Nerem, W. Han, K.-Y. Kim

CCPO Publications

Cyclostationary empirical orthogonal functions, derived from satellite altimetry, are combined with historical sea level measurements from tide gauges to reconstruct sea level fields from 1950 through 2009. Previous sea level reconstructions have utilized empirical orthogonal functions as basis functions, but by using cyclostationary empirical orthogonal functions and by addressing other aspects of the reconstruction procedure, an alternative sea level reconstruction can be computed. The procedure introduced here is capable of capturing the annual cycle and El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signals back to 1950, with correlations between the reconstructed ENSO signal and common ENSO indices found to be over 0.9. The …

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Comparison Of Wetland Assessment Methods, Kerstin Green Jan 2011

Comparison Of Wetland Assessment Methods, Kerstin Green

HCNSO Student Theses and Dissertations

After many decades of being considered useless and often destroyed wetlands have become valued for the many functions they provide. To make informed wetland management decisions biologists have to develop practical, rapid, and inexpensive ways to assess biological conditions and functions. Ideally these assessment methods have to measure more than one attribute of the wetland to represent the overall condition of the biological community. For this project I conducted field assessments at mitigation sites in Pembroke Pines, Florida, to see how the newest method used in the State of Florida, the Uniform Mitigation Assessment Method (UMAM), compared to the older …

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Tropical-Extratropical Interactions And Arctic-Extratropical Interactions Conducive To Intraseasonal Variability Of The North Pacific Jet Stream, Jason Michael Cordeira Jan 2011

Tropical-Extratropical Interactions And Arctic-Extratropical Interactions Conducive To Intraseasonal Variability Of The North Pacific Jet Stream, Jason Michael Cordeira

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The autumnal spin up of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) general circulation is characterized by intraseasonal variability in the structure of the North Pacific jet stream (NPJ). The variability in the structure of the NPJ is often associated with large-scale flow reconfigurations over the North Pacific and North America and changes in the NH zonal available potential energy (AZ). This dissertation investigates variability in the structure of the NPJ and the NH AZ in conjunction with tropical-extratropical interactions (TEIs) and arctic-extratropical interactions (AEIs). The former are investigated in association with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, the Madden-Julian Oscillation, and western North Pacific …

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Review Of The Simulation Of The Precis Regional Climate Model Over Tropical South America Using Gcm And Reanalysis Lateral Boundary Conditions, Dana Mcglone Jan 2011

Review Of The Simulation Of The Precis Regional Climate Model Over Tropical South America Using Gcm And Reanalysis Lateral Boundary Conditions, Dana Mcglone

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

High-resolution regional climate models (RCM) run over a limited domain are increasingly used to simulate seasonal to interannual climate variability over South America and to assess the spatiotemporal impact of future climate change under a variety of emission scenarios. Global climate models (GCM) are often too coarse to resolve local circulations and the topography of the Andes, leading to problems with simulation of temperature and precipitation patterns throughout the domain. A RCM model can also better represent the climate at a regional scale; however, they are subject to errors introduced by the driving global models. For this study, the Hadley …

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Significance Of Hno3 Acid Photolysis On Surfaces In Tropospheric Chemistry, Honglian Gao Jan 2011

Significance Of Hno3 Acid Photolysis On Surfaces In Tropospheric Chemistry, Honglian Gao

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The reactive nitrogen trace gases (NOy) including nitrogen oxides (NOx) and their secondary products are known to cause ground-level ozone pollution, photochemical smog, acid deposition, and overall air quality degradation. NOx was believed to be permanently removed from the atmospheric by HNO3 formation and deposition. However, our laboratory experimental results show that HNO3 can be remobilized back to photochemically labile HONO and NOx (re-NOx-ification). We have verified and quantified HONO and NOx production from the photolysis of HNO3 on various surfaces, including Pyrex, leaves of plants, and other environmentally relevant …

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Easterly Waves And Tropical Cyclogenesis In The Caribbean, Kay Louise Shelton Jan 2011

Easterly Waves And Tropical Cyclogenesis In The Caribbean, Kay Louise Shelton

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This thesis is concerned with the evolution of easterly waves in the Atlantic and Caribbean and their relationship to tropical cyclogenesis. Motivation for this study is the apparent "genesis hole" in the eastern Caribbean and the lack of knowledge regarding the evolution of the transient disturbances passing through this region. The environment of the Caribbean is reviewed revealing large vertical wind shear and dry mid-levels as the key factors determining the presence of the genesis hole.

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Biogeographic Consequences Of Historic And Contemporary Climate Change In Boreal Forest Birds, Joel Ralston Jan 2011

Biogeographic Consequences Of Historic And Contemporary Climate Change In Boreal Forest Birds, Joel Ralston

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In this dissertation, I combine ecological niche models (ENMs), which can be extrapolated through time to predict historic and future changes in species distributions, with mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers to study the biogeographic consequences of historic and contemporary climate change on boreal forest birds, and in particular Blackpoll Warbler.

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The Influence Of The Great Lakes On Mcs Formation And Development In The Warm Season, Alan Frederick Srock Jan 2011

The Influence Of The Great Lakes On Mcs Formation And Development In The Warm Season, Alan Frederick Srock

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study focuses on how near-surface thermal boundaries that form near the Great Lakes during the warm season can contribute to the formation of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). Differential heating across land-water interfaces can create a cold dome of air over the lake; convection may develop when the relatively-cold dome of air becomes deep enough to enable air parcels that intersect these boundaries to reach their level of free convection. A radar-based climatology of MCS events surrounding the Great Lakes for 2002-2005 showed that MCSs frequently form in the vicinity of the Great Lakes. Composites of MCS events over the …

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Northeast United States Heat Waves : A Statistical Analysis And Synoptic Climatology, Scott Cooper Runyon Jan 2011

Northeast United States Heat Waves : A Statistical Analysis And Synoptic Climatology, Scott Cooper Runyon

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The results of a statistical analysis of anomalously hot day and heat wave frequency in the United States (U.S.) are presented, along with a synoptic climatology of northeast U.S. heat waves (NHWs) for 1948-2001. This study used daily high temperatures retrieved from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) Daily Surface Dataset for 54 stations binned into the nine standard NCDC climate regions. Anomalously hot days were defined as when the daily high temperature exceeded the climatological 97.5-percentile temperature. Heat waves were defined as at least three consecutive anomalously hot days, whereas regional heat waves (e.g., NHWs) were defined as simultaneous …

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The Downstream Extratropical Flow Response To Recurving Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones, Heather M. Archambault Jan 2011

The Downstream Extratropical Flow Response To Recurving Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones, Heather M. Archambault

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The factors that govern the downstream flow response to recurving western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclones (TCs) are investigated from climatological, composite analysis, case study, and predictability perspectives. A 1979–2009 climatology of WNP TC recurvature indicates that TC recurvature is followed by a four-day period of above-normal North Pacific meridional flow. The relationship between TC recurvature and above-normal North Pacific meridional flow is found to be stronger in late summer through mid-fall than in early summer and early winter, and stronger for TCs that interact strongly with the jet stream than for TCs that interact weakly with the jet stream. …

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Origin And Maintenance Of The Stable Boundary Layer In A Patchy Landscape, Luiz Eduardo Medeiros Jan 2011

Origin And Maintenance Of The Stable Boundary Layer In A Patchy Landscape, Luiz Eduardo Medeiros

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Field observations made in Hudson Valley region, NY during the Hudson Valley Ambient Meteorology Study (HVAMS) are analyzed to examine how terrain and land cover influence nocturnal mixing in real-world landscapes. Important terrain features such as local topographic concavity and site sheltering are shown to exhibit systematic influence on turbulent intermittency and on the consequent nocturnal heat and momentum fluxes. Very local obstacles have their most important effects on mixing during strong winds (> 5m/s). Local terrain concavity was found to be the more important factor influencing surface fluxes than sheltering for all classes of winds.

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Western Equatorial Pacific Climate Variability From Restricted Basins : Century Scale Changes In Kau Bay To Glacial-Interglacial Changes In The Sulu Sea, Samantha Langton Jan 2011

Western Equatorial Pacific Climate Variability From Restricted Basins : Century Scale Changes In Kau Bay To Glacial-Interglacial Changes In The Sulu Sea, Samantha Langton

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The surface ocean in the western equatorial Pacific contains some of the warmest water on the planet in the western Pacific warm pool (WPWP). Changes in the size and scope of the warm pool have a significant impact on global climate. With the concern of changes in the extent of this body of water as a result of anthropomorphic changes in atmospheric composition, it is vital to investigate prior changes to the WPWP, the causes of such changes, and resultant effects. For my dissertation, I used several proxies to analyze sediments from Kau Bay and the Sulu Sea in Indonesia …

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