Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Underwater Video Survey: Planning And Data Processing, Yuri Rzhanov, Lloyd C. Huff, Randy G. Cutter Jr.

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

The importance of underwater video surveys as an exploration tool has been steadily increasing over recent years [1]. Better photographic equipment, more effective sources of illumination, and improved processing techniques - all make video surveying a reliable tool for seafloor habitat mapping, sediment boundary delineation and groundtruthing, mapping and documentation of forensic and archaeological sites. There is a change in attitude towards video surveying that affects the way the data is collected, and hence its quality. Earlier video data processing algorithms had to cope with whatever was recorded (often simultaneously with acquisition of other data, considered to be more important). …

Summer 2002, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

Beginning A New Era Of Drought Monitoring Across North America, Jay Lawrimore, Richard R. Heim Jr., Mark D. Svoboda, Val Swail, Phil J. Englehart

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

Drought experts from the United States, Canada, and Mexico met at the National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, North Carolina, for a three-day workshop in late April 2002 to discuss the United States Drought Monitor program and to develop a plan for initiating a new program of drought monitoring for North America. Since its inception in 1999, the U.S. Drought Monitor (DM) has been extremely successful in assessing and communicating the state of drought in the United States on a weekly basis. This success, and the recognition that an ongoing comprehensive and integrated drought assessment was needed throughout all three …

Circulation, Vol. 9, No. 1, Center For Coastal Physical Oceanography, Old Dominion University, Richard Moody

CCPO Circulation

Summer 2002 issue of CCPO Circulation featuring article "Workshop Promotes Safe Navigation, Training for Marine Pilots" by Richard Moody

In Situ Observations On Three Species Of Large-Finned Deep-Sea Squids, M. Vecchione, C. F. E. Roper, Edith A. Widder, Tamara M. Frank

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

The manned submersible Johnson Sea-Link II was used for a series of dives on the continental slope of the eastern Gulf of Mexico in September 1995. The deep-sea squids Mastigoteuthis hjorti Chun, 1913 and Octopoteuthis megaptera (Verrill, 1885) were repeatedly observed at depths of 600–850 m. Both species were videotaped alive, in situ, for the first time during these dives. These species share the characteristic of very large fins, almost as long as the mantle length, but their swimming behavior observed in the vicinity of the submersible differed greatly. Throughout most of the videotaped sequences of O. megaptera, it …

Oceanographic Observations In Chilean Coastal Waters Between Valdivia And Concepcion, Larry P. Atkinson, Arnoldo Valle-Levinson, Dante Figueroa, Ricardo De Pol-Holz, Victor A. Gallardo, Wolfgang Schneider, Jose L. Blanco, Mike Schmidt

CCPO Publications

The physical oceanography of the biologically productive coastal waters of central Chile (36 degrees to 40 degrees S) is relatively unknown. In December 1998 we made a short exploratory cruise between Valdivia (40 degrees S) and Concepcion (37.8 degrees S) taking temperature, salinity, oxygen, and current velocity profiles. Coincident sea surface temperature and color measurements were obtained by satellite. The results showed an area dominated by wind-induced coastal upwelling, river runoff, intrusion of offshore eddies, mixing, and heating. Upwelling centers were found over the shelf at three locations: inshore of Mocha Island, off Valdivia, and off Lavapie Point. At these …

Transport Out Of The Antarctic Polar Vortex From A Three-Dimensional Transport Model, Shuhua Li, Eugene Cordero, David J. Karoly

Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science

[1] A three-dimensional chemical transport model is utilized to study the transport out of the Antarctic polar vortex during the southern hemisphere spring. On average, over five consecutive years between 1993 and 1997, horizontal transport out of the vortex into the midlatitude stratosphere is smaller than vertical transport into the troposphere. However, there is significant interannual variability in the magnitude of mass exchange, which is related to year-to-year fluctuations in planetary wave activity. In 1994 the net loss of the vortex tracer mass in September is similar to that in October. However, the relative mass flux entering the midlatitude stratosphere …

Illinois River Bmp Implementation & Phosphorus Management, Marc A. Nelson, Keith Trost

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Organic Geochemical Analysis Of Late-Glacial And Early-Holocene Ecosystem Changes: A Case Study From Northern New England Lakes, Michael A. Kruge, Andrea Lini

Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The lacustrine sedimentary archive of organic remains provides important evidence for the reconstruction of the environmental histories of lakes and their watersheds, recording the response of the Earth's biota to changes on scales varying from the local to the global. The last Glacial-Interglacial transition presents an opportunity to investigate how, and at what rates, watershed and lake ecosystems were established on once glaciated, carbon and nutrient-poor landscapes. The small lakes of northern Vermont (USA) provide an appropriate setting in which to investigate such changes.

As part of a multidisciplinary study of three Vermont lake sediment cores, samples ranging in age …

The High-Frequency Backscattering Angular Response Of Gassy Sediments: Model/Data Comparison From The Eel River Margin, California, Luciano E. Fonseca, Larry A. Mayer, Dan Orange, Neal Driscoll

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

A model for the high-frequency backscatter angular response of gassy sediments is proposed. For the interface backscatter contribution we adopted the model developed by Jackson et al. @J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 79, 1410–1422 ~1986!#, but added modifications to accommodate gas bubbles. The model parameters that are affected by gas content are the density ratio, the sound speed ratio, and the loss parameter. For the volume backscatter contribution we developed a model based on the presence and distribution of gas in the sediment. We treat the bubbles as individual discrete scatterers that sum to the total bubble contribution. This total bubble …

The Compilation And Analysis Of Data Relevant To A U.S. Claim Under United Nations Law Of The Sea Article 76: A Preliminary Report, Larry A. Mayer, Martin Jakobsson, Andy Armstrong

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Studies Of Peroxyacetyl Nitrate (Pan) And Its Interaction With The Snowpack At Summit, Greenland, Kevin M. Ford, Bradley M. Campbell, P B. Shepson, Steven B. Bertman, R E. Honrath, Matthew C. Peterson, Jack E. Dibb

Earth Sciences

Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) was measured in ambient and snowpack interstitial air at Summit, Greenland, in June and July of 1998 and 1999 and at a rural/forest site in the Keewenaw Peninsula of Michigan in January of 1999. At Summit, we found that PAN typically represented between 30 and 60% of NO_y. In the summer of 1999, a significant diel variation in both PAN/NO_y and NO_x/NO_y was observed, but this was much less pronounced in 1998. Experiments during SNOW99 near Houghton, Michigan, indicated that PAN undergoes weak uptake onto snow grain surfaces. At Summit, we …

Long Range Forecast Possibilities For X-Band Radar Construction On Shemya, Brian K. Schroeder

Theses and Dissertations

Current moisture initialization sources lack the spatial and temporal resolution required for mesoscale moisture forecast accuracy critical for military operations. The Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite constellation provides an opportunity to extract accurate moisture observations based on the refraction of the GPS signal through the troposphere. GPS-derived precipitable water (PW) from two different research areas was independently compared with the Air Force Weather Agency s (AFWA's) MM5 PW model output. Results were concurrent with similar studies comparing GPS-derived PW with numerical weather models. The mean correlation in CONUS was 92.5%, while in Alaska it was 72.8%. Mean model biases were …

Hypsometry And Volume Of The Arctic Ocean And Its Constituent Seas, Martin Jakobsson

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

This paper presents an analysis of the Arctic Ocean and its constituent seas for seafloor area distribution versus depth and ocean volume. The bathymetry from the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) is used together with limits defining this ocean and its constituent seas from the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) as well as redefined limits constructed to confine the seas to the shallow shelves. IBCAO is a bathymetric grid model with a resolution of 2.5 x 2.5 km, which significantly improved the portrayal of the Arctic Ocean seafloor through incorporation of newly released bathymetric data including echo soundings …

3d Visualization Of Coral Reef Habitat, Brian K. Walker, Richard E. Dodge

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

A bathymetric survey was recently conducted in Southeast Florida (Broward County) during April 2001 using the Laser Airborne Depth Sounder (LADS) system. This four-meter resolution survey encompassed from North Dade County, through the length of Broward County coastline, to south Palm Beach County (approximately 43 km) and from the shore eastward to depths of approximately 40 m (2.5-3.5 km offshore). This georeferenced data was sun shaded at various angles and azimuths and draped with a NOAA NAPP 1:24,000 georeferenced air photograph mosaic. The model was zoomed and tipped to the desired orientations and processed into three-dimensional perspectives. Two views, slightly …

Humidity And Temperature Boundaries For Biofilm Formation In Yucca Mountain, Terry Ann Else, Penny S. Amy, James Jay, Amy J. Smiecinski

Publications (YM)

To determine the long-term success of the recommended Yucca Mountain high-level nuclear waste repository, studies of bacterial colonization and biofilm development are needed. Bacteria involved in microbially-influenced corrosion and degradation are known to form biofilms with the potential to impact the integrity of repository packaging and structural materials. Temperature and humidity are environmental factors that can greatly affect biofilm formation. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the temperature and humidity conditions that affect biofilm formation. Microcosms, which simulated the repository environment of Yucca Mountain, were placed at temperatures ranging from 30° C to 70° C and in relative humidities ranging …

Geometric And Radiometric Correction Of Multibeam Backscatter Derived From Reson 8101 Systems, Jonathan Beaudoin, J.E. Hughes Clarke, Edward J. Van Den Ameele, James V. Gardner

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

A common by-product of multibeam surveys is a measure of the backscattered acoustic intensity from the seafloor. These data are of immense interest to geologists and geoscientists since maps of the acoustic backscatter strength can be used to infer physical properties of the sea bottom, such as impedance, roughness and volume inhomogeneity. Before such maps can be created from multibeam acoustic backscatter data, however, two tasks must be performed.

1. The data must be geographically registered using the bathymetric profile collected by the multibeam (which accounts for full orientation and refraction), as opposed to using the traditional flat-seafloor assumption. This …

Pesticide Ground Water Monitoring Project Phase Viii, K. F. Steele, M. A. Nelson, T. Nichols, R. Polite, H. D. Scott, Charles Armstrong

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

During Phase VIII monitoring (March 24, 2000 to June 30, 2001 ), 86 samples were collected from 77 new wells and 9 samples were collected from wells with previous detectable herbicide.

Three Years And Counting: What’S New With The Drought Monitor, Mark D. Svoboda, Michael J. Hayes, Rich J. Tinker

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

Operational since late summer 1999, the Drought Monitor (http://drought.unl.edu/monitor/) has refused to remain static. This unique weekly product attempts to make an assessment of current drought conditions in the contiguous United States, Hawaii, Alaska, and Puerto Rico. Four entities now share in authoring the map: the National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC), Climate Prediction Center (CPC), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and National Climatic Data Center (NCDC).
The Drought Monitor effort has led to the development of new products and has reinforced the need for improvement and support of existing climate networks critical to monitoring our nation’s climate. One of …

Shouldn’T Snowpacks Be Sources Of Monocarboxylic Acids?, Jack E. Dibb, Matthew Arsenault

Earth Sciences

We report the first measurements of the mixing ratios of acetic (CH₃COOH) and formic (HCOOH) acids in the air filling the pore spaces of the snowpacks (firn air) at Summit, Greenland and South Pole. Both monocarboxylic acids were present at levels well above 1 ppbv throughout the upper 35 cm of the snowpack at Summit. Maximum mixing ratios in Summit firn air reached nearly 8 ppbv CH₃COOH and 6 ppbv HCOOH. At South Pole the mixing ratios of these acids in the top 35 cm of firn air were also generally >1 ppbv, though their maximums …

Zooplankton, Tracey Sutton, Scott E. Burghart

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

No abstract provided.

Artificial Keys To The Genera Of Living Stalked Crinoids (Echinodermata), Michel Roux, Charles G. Messing, Nadia Améziane

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Two practical, illustrated, dichotomous keys to the 29 genera of living stalked crinoids are provided: one for entire animals and one for stalk ossicles and fragments. These are accompanied by (1) an overview of taxonomically important morphology, and (2) an alphabetical list by family and genus of the ∼95 nominal living species and their distribution by region. This is the first compilation of such data for all living stalked crinoids since Carpenter (1884) recognized 27 species in six genera in his monograph based on the H.M.S. CHALLENGER Expedition collection.

Oceanic Transport And Life History Of The Tropical Western Atlantic Opossum Pipefish, Microphis Brachyurus Lineatus, Sarah Frias-Torres

Theses and Dissertations

The opossum pipefish, Microphis brachyurus lineatus, is a tropical migratory syngnathid. Adults live and breed in freshwater tributaries in specific emergent vegetative habitats. Juveniles associate with pelagic Sargassum in the tropical western Atlantic. Reproduction occurs during the wet season (May-November). Juvenile recruitment occurs during the dry season (December-April). The objective of this dissertation is to study the east Florida breeding population in the freshwater tributaries of the Indian River Lagoon and focus on: 1) Larval drift to the Gulf Stream and, 2) recruitment of pelagic juveniles from the Gulf Stream onto the freshwater breeding habitat. Pouch released larvae face sharp …

Haptic Interface For Center Of Workspace Interaction, Rick Komerska, Colin Ware, Matt D. Plumlee

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

We build upon a new interaction style for 3D interfaces, called the center of workspace interaction. This style of interaction is defined with respect to a central fixed point in 3D space, conceptually within arm's length of the user. For demonstration, we show a haptically enabled fish tank VR that utilizes a set of interaction widgets to support rapid navigation within a large virtual space. The fish tank VR refers to the creation of a small but high quality virtual reality that combines a number of technologies, such as head-tracking and stereo glasses, to their mutual advantage

The Drought Monitor, Mark D. Svoboda, Doug Lecomte, Mike Hayes, Richard Heim, Karin Gleason, Jim Angel, Brad Rippey, Rich Tinker, Mike Palecki, David Stooksbury, David Miskus, Scott Stephens

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

There is a need for improved drought monitoring and assessment methods in the United States. Drought is the most costly natural disaster [Federal Emergency Management Agancy (FEMA 1995; Wilhite 2000)], but it is often neglected by developers of assessment and forecast products. Drought is more nebulous than other disasters and does not lend itself to traditional assessments or forecast methods. Its relatively slow onset and the complexity of its impacts are reasons for the new assessment methodology. Improvements in drought monitoring and forecasting techniques will allow for better preparation, lead to better management practices, and reduce the vulnerability of society …

Sea Stewards: A Volunteer Ecological Monitoring Program, Nicole D. Fogarty, Mary Enstrom

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

No abstract provided.

An Examination Of Anomalously Low Column Ozone In The Southern Hemisphere Midlatitudes During 1997, Eugene C. Cordero, Terrence R. Nathan

Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science

[1] Observations from both ground-based and satellite instruments show record low column ozone abundance between 20°S and 40°S during 1997. The 1997 monthly averaged column ozone from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) is up to 25 Dobson units (DU) lower than the TOMS climatological mean (1979–1996) and up to 20 DU below the previous record low values. Observations from the Halogen Occultation Experiment show that below average ozone concentrations during 1997 were confined primarily to the lower stratosphere. Residual circulation statistics calculated from the United Kingdom Meteorological Office temperature analyses indicate that circulation anomalies during 1997 can account for …

Fisheries Research Report No. 134, Vol 1 - Towards An Assessment Of The Natural And Human Use Impacts On The Marine Environment Of The Abrolhos Islands, F J. Webster, C J. Dibden, C F. Chubb

Fisheries Research Reports

The State Territorial Waters surrounding the Abrolhos Islands are gazetted as a Fish Habitat Protection Area and vested with the Minister for Fisheries under the Fish Resources Management Act 1994. Three Fisheries Management Papers have identified management priorities for the marine environment at the Abrolhos Islands:

• Management of the Houtman Abrolhos System
• Aquaculture Plan for the Houtman Abrolhos Islands
• Sustainable Tourism Plan for the Houtman Abrolhos Islands.

These plans and other national and international obligations to examine the effect of extractive and non-extractive anthropogenic activities on marine habitats (eg. Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999) led to …

Fish Assemblages Associated With Artificial Reefs Of Concrete Aggregates Or Quarry Stone Offshore Miami Beach, Florida, Usa, Brian K. Walker, Bruce Henderson, Richard E. Spieler

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Few studies have compared the suitability of different artificial reef construction materials in terms of their efficacy in acquiring diverse faunal assemblages. We compared the fishes associated with 12 co-located reefs constructed of limestone quarry boulders, concrete-gravel aggregate, or concrete-tire aggregate (four of each substrate) in 7 m of water, 200 m offshore Miami Beach, Florida, USA. All 12 reefs were deployed 100 m apart the same day in two lines of six. The four quarry stone reefs consist of a pile of 50 boulders each. The remaining eight reefs, of concrete-gravel aggregate and concrete-tire aggregate, were each constructed with …

Spring 2002, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.