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Utah State University

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Articles 121 - 150 of 322

Full-Text Articles in Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Decadal Oscillation Of Autumn Precipitation In Central Vietnam Modulated By The East Pacific-North Pacific (Ep-Np), R. Li, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang, R. R. Gillies, B. Buckley, L. H. Troung, C. Cho Jan 2015

Decadal Oscillation Of Autumn Precipitation In Central Vietnam Modulated By The East Pacific-North Pacific (Ep-Np), R. Li, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang, R. R. Gillies, B. Buckley, L. H. Troung, C. Cho

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Autumn precipitation over Central Vietnam is associated with an increase in the occurrence of tropical cyclones that lead to frequent flooding and pose a significant threat to lives and property. The present analyses reveal a pronounced decadal oscillation of autumn precipitation in Central Vietnam within the 8-11 year frequency band that is modulated by the East Pacific-North Pacific (EP-NP) teleconnection. The negative phase of the EP-NP pattern is associated with a positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the South China Sea (SCS) that induces low-level convergence, enhances convection, and increases precipitation over Central Vietnam and adjacent islands including Hainan …

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Anthropogenic Footprint Of Climate Change In The June 2013 Northern India Flood, C. Cho, R. Li, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang, J. -H. Yoon, R. R. Gillies Jan 2015

Anthropogenic Footprint Of Climate Change In The June 2013 Northern India Flood, C. Cho, R. Li, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang, J. -H. Yoon, R. R. Gillies

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

During 13-17 June 2013, heavy rainfall occurred in the northern Indian state of 15 Uttarakhand and led to one of the worst floods in history and massive landslides, 16 resulting in more than 5,000 casualties and a huge loss of property. In this study, 17 meteorological and climatic conditions leading up to this rainfall event in 2013 and 18 similar cases were analyzed for the period of 1979-2012. Attribution analysis was 19 performed to identify the natural and anthropogenic influences on the climate anomalies 20 using the historical single-forcing experiments in the Coupled Model Intercomparison 21 Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). …

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Investigating Mesospheric Gravity Wave Dynamics Over Mcmurdo Station, Antarctica (77° S), Jonathan Pugmire, Michael J. Taylor, Yucheng Zhao, Dominique Pautet Dec 2014

Investigating Mesospheric Gravity Wave Dynamics Over Mcmurdo Station, Antarctica (77° S), Jonathan Pugmire, Michael J. Taylor, Yucheng Zhao, Dominique Pautet

Graduate Student Posters

The ANtarctic Gravity Wave Instrument Network (ANGWIN) is an NSF sponsored international program designed to develop and utilize a network of gravity wave observatories using existing and new instrumentation operated at several established research stations around the continent. The primary goal is to better understand and quantify large-scale gravity wave climatology and their effects on the upper atmosphere over Antarctica. ANGWIN currently comprises research measurements from five nations (U.S., U.K., Australia, Japan, and Brazil) at seven international stations. Utah State University’s Atmospheric Imaging Lab operates an all-sky CCD, all-sky infrared imagers and an Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (AMTM) imager at …

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Effects Of Major Sudden Stratospheric Warmings Identified In Midlatitude Mesospheric Rayleigh-Scatter Lidar Temperatures, Leda Sox, Vincent B. Wickwar, Chad Fish, Josh Herron Dec 2014

Effects Of Major Sudden Stratospheric Warmings Identified In Midlatitude Mesospheric Rayleigh-Scatter Lidar Temperatures, Leda Sox, Vincent B. Wickwar, Chad Fish, Josh Herron

Physics Student Research

Mesospheric temperature anomalies associated with Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSWs) have been observed extensively in the polar regions. However, observations of these anomalies at midlatitudes are sparse. The very dense 11-year data set, collected between 1993–2004, with the Rayleigh-scatter lidar at the Atmospheric Lidar Observatory (ALO; 41.7°N, 111.8°W) at the Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences (CASS) on the campus of Utah State University (USU), has been carefully examined for such anomalies. The temperatures derived from these data extend over the mesosphere, from 45 to 90 km. During this period extensive data were acquired during seven major SSW events. In this …

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The National Science Foundation's Coupling, Energetics And Dynamics Of Atmospheric Regions (Cedar) Student Community, Leda Sox, Timothy Duly, Barbara Emery Dec 2014

The National Science Foundation's Coupling, Energetics And Dynamics Of Atmospheric Regions (Cedar) Student Community, Leda Sox, Timothy Duly, Barbara Emery

Physics Student Research

The National Science Foundation sponsors Coupling, Energetics, and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions (CEDAR) Workshops, which have been held every summer, for the past 27 years. CEDAR Workshops are on the order of a week long and at various locations that are close to university campuses where CEDAR type scientific research is done. Although there is no formal student group within the CEDAR community, the workshops are very student-focused. Roughly half the Workshop participants are students. There are two Student Representatives on the CEDAR Science Steering Committee (CSSC), the group of scientists who organize the CEDAR Workshops. Each Student Representative is …

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New Measurements Of Mcmurdo Gravity Wave Parameters, Jonathan Pugmire, Michael J. Taylor Oct 2014

New Measurements Of Mcmurdo Gravity Wave Parameters, Jonathan Pugmire, Michael J. Taylor

Graduate Student Presentations

The ANtarctic Gravity Wave Instrument Network (ANGWIN) is an NSF sponsored international program designed to develop and utilize a network of gravity wave observatories using existing and new instrumentation operated at several established research stations around the continent. The primary goal is to better understand and quantify large-scale gravity wave climatology and their effects on the upper atmosphere over Antarctica. ANGWIN currently comprises research measurements from five nations (U.S., U.K., Australia, Japan, and Brazil) at seven international stations. Utah State University’s Atmospheric Imaging Lab operates all-sky infrared and CCD imagers and an Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (AMTM) imager at several …

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Observing The Quantumbehavior Of Light In An Undergraduate Laboratory, M. S. Neel, J. J. Thorn, V. W. Donato, G. S. Bergreen, Robert E. Davies, M. Beck Sep 2014

Observing The Quantumbehavior Of Light In An Undergraduate Laboratory, M. S. Neel, J. J. Thorn, V. W. Donato, G. S. Bergreen, Robert E. Davies, M. Beck

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

While the classical, wavelike behavior of light (interference and diffraction) has been easily observed in undergraduate laboratories for many years, explicit observation of the quantum nature of light (i.e., photons) is much more difficult. For example, while well-known phenomena such as the photoelectric effect and Compton scattering strongly suggest the existence of photons, they are not definitive proof of their existence. Here we present an experiment, suitable for an undergraduate laboratory, that unequivocally demonstrates the quantum nature of light. Spontaneously downconverted light is incident on a beamsplitter and the outputs are monitored with single-photon counting detectors. We observe a near …

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Investigation Of A Mesospheric Gravity Wave Ducting Event Using Coordinated Sodium Lidar And Mesospheric Temperature Mapper Measurements At Alomar, Norway (69°N), Katrina Bossert, David C. Fritts, Pierre-Dominique Pautet, Michael J. Taylor, Bifford P. Williams, William R. Pendleton Jr. Aug 2014

Investigation Of A Mesospheric Gravity Wave Ducting Event Using Coordinated Sodium Lidar And Mesospheric Temperature Mapper Measurements At Alomar, Norway (69°N), Katrina Bossert, David C. Fritts, Pierre-Dominique Pautet, Michael J. Taylor, Bifford P. Williams, William R. Pendleton Jr.

Publications

New measurements at the ALOMAR observatory in northern Norway (69°N, 16°E) using the Weber sodium lidar and the Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (AMTM) allow for a comprehensive investigation of a gravity wave (GW) event on 22 and 23 January 2012 and the complex and varying propagation environment in which the GW was observed. These observational techniques provide insight into the altitude ranges over which a GW may be evanescent or propagating and enable a clear distinction in specific cases. Weber sodium lidar measurements provide estimates of background temperature, wind, and stability profiles at altitudes from ~78 to 105 km. Detailed …

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A Coordinated Investigation Of The Gravity Wave Breaking And The Associated Dynamical Instability By A Na Lidar And An Advanced Mesosphere Temperature Mapper Over Logan, Ut (41.7°N, 111.8°W), Xuguang Cai, Tao Yuan, Yucheng Zhao, Pierre-Dominique Pautet, Michael J. Taylor, William R. Pendleton Jr. Aug 2014

A Coordinated Investigation Of The Gravity Wave Breaking And The Associated Dynamical Instability By A Na Lidar And An Advanced Mesosphere Temperature Mapper Over Logan, Ut (41.7°N, 111.8°W), Xuguang Cai, Tao Yuan, Yucheng Zhao, Pierre-Dominique Pautet, Michael J. Taylor, William R. Pendleton Jr.

Publications

The impacts of gravity wave (GW) on the thermal and dynamic characteristics within the mesosphere/lower thermosphere, especially on the atmospheric instabilities, are still not fully understood. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive and detailed investigation on one GW breaking event during a collaborative campaign between the Utah State University Na lidar and the Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (AMTM) on 9 September 2012. The AMTM provides direct evidence of the GW breaking as well as the horizontal parameters of the GWs involved, while the Na lidar's full diurnal cycle observations are utilized to uncover the roles of tide and GWs …

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The Life Cycle Of Instability Features Measured From The Andes Lidar Observatory Over Cerro Pachon On 24 March 2012, J. H. Hecht, K. Wan, L. J. Gelinas, David C. Fritts, R. L. Walterscheid, R. J. Rudy, A. Z. Liu, S. J. Franke, F. A. Vargas, Pierre-Dominique Pautet, Michael J. Taylor, G. R. Swenson Jun 2014

The Life Cycle Of Instability Features Measured From The Andes Lidar Observatory Over Cerro Pachon On 24 March 2012, J. H. Hecht, K. Wan, L. J. Gelinas, David C. Fritts, R. L. Walterscheid, R. J. Rudy, A. Z. Liu, S. J. Franke, F. A. Vargas, Pierre-Dominique Pautet, Michael J. Taylor, G. R. Swenson

Publications

The Aerospace Corporation's Nightglow Imager (ANI) observes nighttime OH emission (near 1.6 μm) every 2 s over an approximate 73° field of view. ANI had previously been used to study instability features seen over Maui. Here we describe observations of instabilities seen from 5 to 8 UT on 24 March 2012 over Cerro Pachon, Chile, and compare them with previous results from Maui, with theory, and with Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). The atmosphere had reduced stability because of the large negative temperature gradients measured by a Na lidar. Thus, regions of dynamical and convective instabilities are expected to form, depending …

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Initial Measurements Of Mesospheric Gravity Waves Over Mcmurdo, Antarctica, Jonathan Pugmire, Michael J. Taylor, Yucheng Zhao, P.Dominique Pautet Jun 2014

Initial Measurements Of Mesospheric Gravity Waves Over Mcmurdo, Antarctica, Jonathan Pugmire, Michael J. Taylor, Yucheng Zhao, P.Dominique Pautet

Graduate Student Posters

The ANtarctic Gravity Wave Instrument Network (ANGWIN) is an NSF sponsored international program designed to develop and utilize a network of gravity wave observatories using existing and new instrumentation operated at several established research stations around the continent. The primary goal is to better understand and quantify large-scale gravity wave climatology and their effects on the upper atmosphere over Antarctica. ANGWIN currently comprises research measurements from five nations (U.S., U.K., Australia, Japan, and Brazil) at seven international stations. Utah State University’s Atmospheric Imaging Lab operates all-sky infrared and CCD imagers and an Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (AMTM) imager at several …

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Midlatitude Mesospheric Temperature Anomalies During Major Ssw Events As Observed With Rayleigh-Scatter Lidar, Leda Sox, Vincent B. Wickwar, Chad Fish, Joshua P. Herron Jun 2014

Midlatitude Mesospheric Temperature Anomalies During Major Ssw Events As Observed With Rayleigh-Scatter Lidar, Leda Sox, Vincent B. Wickwar, Chad Fish, Joshua P. Herron

Graduate Student Posters

While the mesospheric temperature anomalies associated with Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSWs) have been observed extensively in the polar regions, observations of these anomalies at midlatitudes are sparse. The original Rayleigh-scatter lidar that operated at the Atmospheric Lidar Observatory (ALO; 41.7°N, 111.8°W) in the Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences (CASS) on the campus of Utah State University (USU) collected a very dense set of temperature data for 11 years, from 1993 through 2004. The temperatures derived from these data extended over the mesosphere, from 45 to 90 km. This work focuses on the extensive Rayleigh lidar observations made during seven …

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Extremely Sensitive Rayleigh-Scatter Lidar At Usu, Vincent B. Wickwar, Leda Sox, David Barton, Matthew T. Emerick Jun 2014

Extremely Sensitive Rayleigh-Scatter Lidar At Usu, Vincent B. Wickwar, Leda Sox, David Barton, Matthew T. Emerick

Posters

Rayleigh lidar opened a portion of the atmosphere, from 30 to 90 km, to ground-based observations. Rayleigh-scatter observations were made at the Atmospheric Lidar Observatory (ALO) at Utah State University (USU) from 1993–2004 between 45 and 90 km, creating a very dense data set consisting of ~5000 hours of observations carried out over ~900 nights. The lidar had a mirror of area 0.15 m2 and a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser operating at 532 nm at 30 Hz at ~21 W, giving a power-aperture product (PAP) of ~3.1 Wm2.

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Seasonal Variations Of Relative Neutral Densities Between 45 And 90 Km Determined From Usu Rayleigh Lidar Observations, David Barton, Vincent B. Wickwar, Leda Sox, Joshua P. Herron Jun 2014

Seasonal Variations Of Relative Neutral Densities Between 45 And 90 Km Determined From Usu Rayleigh Lidar Observations, David Barton, Vincent B. Wickwar, Leda Sox, Joshua P. Herron

Posters

A Rayleigh-scatter lidar operated at the Atmospheric Lidar Observatory (ALO; 41.7°N, 111.8°W), part of Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences (CASS) on the campus of Utah State University (USU), collected extensive data between 1993 and 2004. From the Rayleigh lidar photon-count profiles, relative densities were determined throughout the mesosphere, from 45 to 90 km. Using these relative densities three climatologies were derived, each using a different density normalization at 45 km. The first normalized the relative densities to a constant; the second to the NRL-MSISe00 empirical model which has a strong annual component; and the third to the CPC analyses …

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Interpretation (Or Is It Calibration?) Of Rayleigh-Scatter Lidar Signals, Vincent B. Wickwar, Leda Sox Jun 2014

Interpretation (Or Is It Calibration?) Of Rayleigh-Scatter Lidar Signals, Vincent B. Wickwar, Leda Sox

Presentations

No abstract provided.

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Progress On Understanding Atmospheric Mercury Hampered By Uncertain Measurements, Daniel A. Jaffe, Seth N. Lyman, Helen M. Amosl, Mae Sexauer Gustin, Jiaoyan Huang, Noelle E. Selin, Leonard Levin, Arnout Ter Schure, Robert P. Mason, Robert Talbot, Andrew Rutter, Brandon Finley, Lyatt Jaeglé, Viral Shah, Crystal Mcclure, Jesse Ambrose, Lynne Gratz, Steven Lindberg, Peter Weiss-Penzias, Guey-Rong Sheu, Dara Feddersen, Milena Horvat, Ashu Dastoor, Anthony J. Hynes, Huiting Mao, Jeroen E. Sonke, Franz Slemr, Jenny A. Fisher, Ralf Ebinghaus, Yanxu Zhang, Grant Edwards Jun 2014

Progress On Understanding Atmospheric Mercury Hampered By Uncertain Measurements, Daniel A. Jaffe, Seth N. Lyman, Helen M. Amosl, Mae Sexauer Gustin, Jiaoyan Huang, Noelle E. Selin, Leonard Levin, Arnout Ter Schure, Robert P. Mason, Robert Talbot, Andrew Rutter, Brandon Finley, Lyatt Jaeglé, Viral Shah, Crystal Mcclure, Jesse Ambrose, Lynne Gratz, Steven Lindberg, Peter Weiss-Penzias, Guey-Rong Sheu, Dara Feddersen, Milena Horvat, Ashu Dastoor, Anthony J. Hynes, Huiting Mao, Jeroen E. Sonke, Franz Slemr, Jenny A. Fisher, Ralf Ebinghaus, Yanxu Zhang, Grant Edwards

USU Uintah Basin Faculty Publications

Mercury (Hg) is a potent neurotoxin and globally reducing environmental levels is seen as paramount for protecting human and wildlife health. In 2013, many countries finalized the negotiations on, and have now signed, the Minamata Convention on Mercury, which commits participating countries to reduce emissions and use of mercury. Successful implementation of the treaty will require adequate verification through global monitoring.

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Probable Causes Of The Abnormal Ridge Accompanying The 2013-14 California Drought: Enso Precursor And Anthropogenic Warming Footprint, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang May 2014

Probable Causes Of The Abnormal Ridge Accompanying The 2013-14 California Drought: Enso Precursor And Anthropogenic Warming Footprint, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

The 2013–2014 California drought was initiated by an anomalous high-amplitude ridge system. The anomalous ridge was investigated using reanalysis data and the Community Earth System Model (CESM). It was found that the ridge emerged from continual sources of Rossby wave energy in the western North Pacific starting in late summer and subsequently intensified into winter. The ridge generated a surge of wave energy downwind and deepened further the trough over the northeast U.S., forming a dipole. The dipole and associated circulation pattern is not linked directly with either El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or Pacific Decadal Oscillation; instead, it is correlated …

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Climate Forcings On Groundwater Variations In Utah And The Great Basin, Kirsti A. Hakala May 2014

Climate Forcings On Groundwater Variations In Utah And The Great Basin, Kirsti A. Hakala

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Groundwater levels over northern Utah have undergone a declining trend since the 1960’s. This trend has made apparent the need to understand the relationship between climate and groundwater resources. Such necessary information is already in dire need in places such as California. At the close of 2013, California had experienced its driest year in recorded history, with severe drought continuing for the foreseeable future. Utah is the second driest state in the U.S., and therefore has been paying close attention to California’s current water crises. Water resource projections may prove to be one of the most vital pieces of information …

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Bay Of Bengal: Coupling Of Pre-Monsoon Tropical Cyclones With The Monsoon Onset In Myanmar, Boniface Opoku Fosu May 2014

Bay Of Bengal: Coupling Of Pre-Monsoon Tropical Cyclones With The Monsoon Onset In Myanmar, Boniface Opoku Fosu

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Myanmar remained largely closed to the world through political instability for several years, when it continued to suffer terribly at the hands of nature that remained largely unknown. Of note is the period between 2008 and 2013, during which the country suffered at least eight major natural calamities that killed more than 141,000 people and affected 3.2 million. The worst of these was Cyclone Nargis in May 2008 that killed more than 130,000. With an estimated $4 billion in damages, Nargis remains the deadliest and most destructive named cyclone ever to have occurred in the North Indian Ocean. Recent studies …

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Ensemble Modeling With Data Assimilation Models: A New Strategy For Space Weather Specifications, Forecasts, And Science, Robert W. Schunk, Ludger Scherliess, V. Eccles, Larry Gardner, Jan Josef Sojka, L. Zhu, X. Pi, A. J. Mannucci, B. D. Wilson, A. Komjathy, C, Wang, G. Rosen Mar 2014

Ensemble Modeling With Data Assimilation Models: A New Strategy For Space Weather Specifications, Forecasts, And Science, Robert W. Schunk, Ludger Scherliess, V. Eccles, Larry Gardner, Jan Josef Sojka, L. Zhu, X. Pi, A. J. Mannucci, B. D. Wilson, A. Komjathy, C, Wang, G. Rosen

All Physics Faculty Publications

The Earth’s Ionosphere-Thermosphere-Electrodynamics (I-T-E) system varies markedly on a range of spatial and temporal scales and these variations have adverse effects on human operations and systems, including high-frequency communications, over-the-horizon radars, and survey and navigation systems that use Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. Consequently, there is a need to elucidate the underlying physical pro- cesses that lead to space weather disturbances and to both mitigate and forecast near-Earth space weather.

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Ionospheric Ion Temperature Forecasting In Multiples Of 27 Days, Jan Josef Sojka, Robert W. Schunk, Michael J. Nicholls Mar 2014

Ionospheric Ion Temperature Forecasting In Multiples Of 27 Days, Jan Josef Sojka, Robert W. Schunk, Michael J. Nicholls

All Physics Faculty Publications

he ionospheric variability found at auroral locations is usually assumed to be unpredictable. The magnetosphere, which drives this ionospheric variability via storms and substorms, is at best only qualitatively describable. In this study we demonstrate that over a 3 year period, ionospheric variability observed from Poker Flat, Alaska, has, in fact, a high degree of long-term predictability. The observations used in this study are (a) the solar wind high speed stream velocity measured by the NASA Advanced Composition Explorer satellite, used to define the corotating interaction region (CIR), and (b) the ion temperature at 300 km altitude measured by the …

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Coordinated Investigation Of Midlatitude Upper Mesospheric Temperature Inversion Layers And The Associated Gravity Wave Forcing By Na Lidar And Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper In Logan, Utah, Tao Yuan, Pierre-Dominique Pautet, Y. Zhao, Xuguang Cai, Michael J. Taylor, Neal R. Criddle Mar 2014

Coordinated Investigation Of Midlatitude Upper Mesospheric Temperature Inversion Layers And The Associated Gravity Wave Forcing By Na Lidar And Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper In Logan, Utah, Tao Yuan, Pierre-Dominique Pautet, Y. Zhao, Xuguang Cai, Michael J. Taylor, Neal R. Criddle

All Physics Faculty Publications

Mesospheric inversion layers (MIL) are well studied in the literature but their relationship to the dynamic feature associated with the breaking of atmospheric waves in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) region are not well understood. Two strong MIL events (ΔT ~30 K) were observed above 90 km during a 6 day full diurnal cycle Na lidar campaign conducted from 6 August to 13 August Logan, Utah (42°N, 112°W). Colocated Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper observations provided key information on concurrent gravity wave (GW) events and their characteristics during the nighttime observations. The study found both MILs were well correlated with the development …

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Welcome And Opening Remarks, Rick C. Chappell Feb 2014

Welcome And Opening Remarks, Rick C. Chappell

Magnetospheric-Ionospheric Coupling Conference

No abstract provided.

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Global Eastward Propagation Signals Associated With The 4-5-Year Enso Cycle, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang, X. Jiang, B. Fosu Jan 2014

Global Eastward Propagation Signals Associated With The 4-5-Year Enso Cycle, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang, X. Jiang, B. Fosu

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Longitude-time evolution of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) reveals a slow southeastward propagation from the western North Pacific (WNP) around 20°N to the Niño-3.4 region in the equatorial Central Pacific. The propagation is manifested as a narrow, southwest-northeast oriented SSTA band across the subtropical North Pacific, and its journey takes about 2–3 years. The propagating SSTA appears to engage the initiation of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The anomalies of surface winds, sea level pressure, outgoing longwave radiation, and velocity potential all exhibit a concurrent and distinct eastward propagation, one that appears to be circumglobal and is coupled with the …

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Could The 2012 Drought In Central U. S. Have Been Anticipated?, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang, Danny Barandiaran, Kyle Hilburn, Paul Houser Jan 2014

Could The 2012 Drought In Central U. S. Have Been Anticipated?, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang, Danny Barandiaran, Kyle Hilburn, Paul Houser

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

This paper summarizes research related to the 2012 record drought in the central United States conducted by members of the NEWS (NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Energy and Water cycle Study) Working Group. Past drought patterns were analyzed for signal coherency with latest drought and the contribution of long-term trends in the Great Plains low-level jet, an important regional circulation feature of the spring rainy season in the Great Plains. Long-term changes in the seasonal transition from rainy spring into dry summer were also examined. Potential external forcing from radiative processes, soil-air interactions, and ocean teleconnections were assessed as …

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Global Nightly Oh And O2 Mesospheric Airglow: Examining A Decade Of Measurements Using The Nasa Saber Satellite Sensor, Jonathan Price, Jordan C. Rozum, Gene Ware, Doran Baker Jan 2014

Global Nightly Oh And O2 Mesospheric Airglow: Examining A Decade Of Measurements Using The Nasa Saber Satellite Sensor, Jonathan Price, Jordan C. Rozum, Gene Ware, Doran Baker

Browse All Undergraduate research

The SABER instrument aboard the TIMED satellite is a multichannel radiometer and has been continuously measuring the altitude distribution of infrared airglow intensity in the mesosphere on a global basis since 2002. While the majority of these altitude distributions are Gaussian-like, a significant portion exhibit two or more local maxima, suggesting multiple airglow layers. To better understand the cause of this phenomenon, the global and temporal distributions of infrared OH andO2 scans resulting in multiple peak altitude profiles are being examined.

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Significant Impacts Of Radiation Physics In The Wrf Model On The Precipitation And Dynamics Of The West African Monsoon, R. Li, J. Jin, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang, R. R. Gillies Jan 2014

Significant Impacts Of Radiation Physics In The Wrf Model On The Precipitation And Dynamics Of The West African Monsoon, R. Li, J. Jin, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang, R. R. Gillies

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

Precipitation from the West African Monsoon (WAM) provides food security and supports the economy in the region. As a consequence of the intrinsic complexities of the WAM’s evolution, accurate simulations of the WAM and its precipitation regime, through the application of regional climate models, are challenging. We used the coupled Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Community Land Model (CLM) to explore impacts of radiation physics on the precipitation and dynamics of the WAM. Our results indicate that the radiation physics schemes not only produce biases in radiation fluxes impacting radiative forcing, but more importantly, result in large bias in …

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An Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper For High-Latitude Airglow Studies, Pierre-Dominique Pautet, Michael J. Taylor, William R. Pendleton Jr., Yucheng Zhao, Tao Yuan, R. Esplin, D. Mclain Jan 2014

An Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper For High-Latitude Airglow Studies, Pierre-Dominique Pautet, Michael J. Taylor, William R. Pendleton Jr., Yucheng Zhao, Tao Yuan, R. Esplin, D. Mclain

Publications

Over the past 60 years, ground-based remote sensing measurements of the Earth’s mesospheric temperature have been performed using the nighttime hydroxyl (OH) emission, which originates at an altitude of ∼87  km∼87  km. Several types of instruments have been employed to date: spectrometers, Fabry–Perot or Michelson interferometers, scanning-radiometers, and more recently temperature mappers. Most of them measure the mesospheric temperature in a few sample directions and/or with a limited temporal resolution, restricting their research capabilities to the investigation of larger-scale perturbations such as inertial waves, tides, or planetary waves. The Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (AMTM) is a novel infrared digital imaging …

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A Review Of Passive Sampling Systems For Ambient Air Mercury Measurements, Jiaoyan Huang, Seth N. Lyman, Jelena Stamenkovic Hartman, Mae Sexauer Gustin Jan 2014

A Review Of Passive Sampling Systems For Ambient Air Mercury Measurements, Jiaoyan Huang, Seth N. Lyman, Jelena Stamenkovic Hartman, Mae Sexauer Gustin

USU Uintah Basin Faculty Publications

Atmospheric mercury (Hg) temporal and spatial patterns must be measured accurately in order to adequately understand the role of this pathway as it relates to Hg toxicity and exposure of humans and wildlife to Hg. It is also important to understand the distribution of the different chemical forms (elemental, oxidized, or particle bound) and specific compounds in air (e.g., HgCl2, HgBr2, HgO, Hg(NO3)2, and HgSO4). However, the current automated and passive sampling methods of measurement have limitations and artifacts impacting our ability to achieve this task. Both abiotic and biotic systems have been developed to measure the total gaseous Hg …

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Coupling Of Pre-Monsoon Tropical Cyclones With The Monsoon Onset In Myanmar, B. O. Fosu, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang Jan 2014

Coupling Of Pre-Monsoon Tropical Cyclones With The Monsoon Onset In Myanmar, B. O. Fosu, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

The pre-monsoon tropical cyclone (TC) activity and the monsoon evolution in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are both influenced by the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), but the two do not always occur in unison. This study examines the conditions that allow the MJO to modulate the monsoon onset in Myanmar and TC activity concurrently. Using the APHRODITE gridded precipitation and the ERA-Interim reanalysis datasets, composite evolutions of monsoon rainfall and TC genesis are constructed for the period of 1979–2010. It is found that the MJO exhibits a strong interannual variability in terms of phase and intensity, which in some years modulate …

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