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Articles 61 - 90 of 179

Full-Text Articles in Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Improving The Ability To Study Coastal Nutrient Dynamics Through The Development Of High-Resolution Water Samplers, Kyle Neumann Jan 2018

Improving The Ability To Study Coastal Nutrient Dynamics Through The Development Of High-Resolution Water Samplers, Kyle Neumann

Link Foundation Ocean Engineering and Instrumentation Fellowship Reports

Globally, marine ecosystems are experiencing fundamental shifts in their structure and function. Due to the high level of interconnectedness between aquatic organisms and their environment, they are highly sensitive to changes in water chemistry. For example, coral reefs thrive in water that generally contains very low concentrations of macronutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus.1 An increase in these compounds as a result of human activities on land can have drastic impacts on coral health.2 In order to fully understand the cycling, fates and impacts of chemical compounds in the marine environment, it is critical to collect concentration data on the …

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Copper Tolerance Of Amphibalanus Amphitrite As Observed In Central Florida, Hannah Grace Brinson Dec 2017

Copper Tolerance Of Amphibalanus Amphitrite As Observed In Central Florida, Hannah Grace Brinson

Theses and Dissertations

Copper tolerance in the invasive barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite has been observed in Florida by the Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control since 2012 and by Weiss (1947). To test the theory that this barnacle preferentially settles on copper coated surfaces to avoid settlement competition by other sessile species, a series of two experiments and a literature review of historical copper toxicity tests on larval barnacles was conducted. The barnacle A amphitrite was preferentially used in many previous toxicity studies because it is readily available, has high fecundity, and is more sensitive to some toxicants than other species, including the native …

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St. Lucie Shoal Complex: Regional Sediment Resource Or Submerged Storm Breakwater, Leaf Erickson Dec 2017

St. Lucie Shoal Complex: Regional Sediment Resource Or Submerged Storm Breakwater, Leaf Erickson

Theses and Dissertations

Nearshore sand shoals have become the predominant sediment resource for beach nourishment projects on the east coast of Florida. Along this coast, the St. Lucie Shoal Complex (SLSC) is comprised of several shoals designated as sediment resources for beach nourishment, many having depths less than 7 meters, at their crests. This group of shoals represents the largest high-quality beach nourishment sediment resource in southeast Florida. Among these shoals, the St. Lucie shoal is the largest and shallowest at the crest. This project explores the current best practice methodologies to explore impacts of excavating sand resources from shallow-crested shoal systems like …

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Distributions Of Polychaetes As A Function Of Sediment Composition In A Subtropical Lagoon, Anthony William Cox Oct 2017

Distributions Of Polychaetes As A Function Of Sediment Composition In A Subtropical Lagoon, Anthony William Cox

Theses and Dissertations

Fine-grained organic-rich sediments (FGORS) in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida, the human activities and nutrient inputs and have a varied composition, including water content, silt-clay content, and organic matter. When these constituents reach, by weight, 75%, 60% dry, and 10% dry, respectively, this is sometimes referred to as IRL “muck”. Many polychaetes inhabit the benthic sediments of estuaries and must tolerate various degrees of FGORS. The Cox IRL Muck Index (CMI) is proposed as a mechanism for determining the organic sediment tolerances of infaunal species in a simple and direct manner. IRL muck will have a minimum CMI of …

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Redox-Mediated Quorum Sensing In Plants, Alexandra W. Fuller, Phoebe Young, B. Daniel Pierce, Jamie Kitson-Finuff, Purvi Jain, Karl Schneider, Stephen Lazar, Olga Teran, Andrew G. Palmer, David G. Lynn Sep 2017

Redox-Mediated Quorum Sensing In Plants, Alexandra W. Fuller, Phoebe Young, B. Daniel Pierce, Jamie Kitson-Finuff, Purvi Jain, Karl Schneider, Stephen Lazar, Olga Teran, Andrew G. Palmer, David G. Lynn

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

The rhizosphere, the narrow zone of soil around plant roots, is a complex network of interactions between plants, bacteria, and a variety of other organisms. The absolute dependence on host-derived signals, or xenognosins, to regulate critical developmental checkpoints for host commitment in the obligate parasitic plants provides a window into the rhizosphere's chemical dynamics. These sessile intruders use H2O2 in a process known as semagenesis to chemically modify the mature root surfaces of proximal host plants and generate p-benzoquinones (BQs). The resulting redox-active signaling network regulates the spatial and temporal commitments necessary for host attachment. Recent evidence from non-parasites, including …

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Novel Hyperspectral Imagery And Platforms For Shallow Water Environments, Taylor Scott Oney Jul 2017

Novel Hyperspectral Imagery And Platforms For Shallow Water Environments, Taylor Scott Oney

Theses and Dissertations

Hyperspectral measurements of the water surface in urban coastal waters are presented. Oblique bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) imagery was acquired of coastal shallow waters within the watershed of the Indian River Lagoon, Florida and along littoral zone waters of the nearby Atlantic Ocean. Oblique imagery of the shoreline and subsurface features clearly shows subsurface bottom features and rip current features within the surf zone water column. The imagery was collected using a pushbroom hyperspectral imager mounted on a fixed platform with a calibrated circular mechatronic rotation stage. Hyperspectral imaging using the fixed platform techniques were used to calculate hyperspectral bidirectional …

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Timing And Locations Of Reef Fish Spawning Off The Southeastern United States, Nicholas A. Farmer, William D. Heyman, Mandy Kamauskas, Shinichi Kobara, Tracey I. Smart, Joseph C. Ballenger, Marcel J. M. Reichert, David M. Wyanski, Michelle S. Tishler, Kenyon C. Lindeman, Susan K. Lowerre-Barbieri, Theodore S. Switzer, Justin J. Solomon, Kyle Mccain, Mark Marhefka, George R. Sedberry Mar 2017

Timing And Locations Of Reef Fish Spawning Off The Southeastern United States, Nicholas A. Farmer, William D. Heyman, Mandy Kamauskas, Shinichi Kobara, Tracey I. Smart, Joseph C. Ballenger, Marcel J. M. Reichert, David M. Wyanski, Michelle S. Tishler, Kenyon C. Lindeman, Susan K. Lowerre-Barbieri, Theodore S. Switzer, Justin J. Solomon, Kyle Mccain, Mark Marhefka, George R. Sedberry

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Managed reef fish in the Atlantic Ocean of the southeastern United States (SEUS) support a multi-billion dollar industry. There is a broad interest in locating and protecting spawning fish from harvest, to enhance productivity and reduce the potential for overfishing. We assessed spatiotemporal cues for spawning for six species from four reef fish families, using data on individual spawning condition collected by over three decades of regional fishery-independent reef fish surveys, combined with a series of predictors derived from bathymetric features. We quantified the size of spawning areas used by reef fish across many years and identified several multispecies spawning …

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Coral Disease Hotspots In The Caribbean, Robert Van Woesik, Carly J. Randall Jan 2017

Coral Disease Hotspots In The Caribbean, Robert Van Woesik, Carly J. Randall

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Recent outbreaks of coral diseases in the Caribbean have been linked to increasingly stressful sea-surface temperatures (SSTs). Yet, ocean warming is spatially heterogeneous and therefore has the potential to lead to hotspots of disease activity. Here, we take an epidemiological approach to examine spatial differences in the risk of white-band disease on Acropora spp. and yellow-band disease on Orbicella spp. in the Caribbean. Our analysis involved examining the spatial patterns of disease prevalence, and creating a Bayesian-risk model that tested for regional differences in disease risk. The spatial examination of disease prevalence showed several clusters of white-band disease, including high …

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Hyperspectral Signatures And Worldview-3 Imagery Of Indian River Lagoon And Banana River Estuarine Water And Bottom Types, Charles R. Bostater Jr., Taylor S. Oney, Tyler Rotkiske, Samin Aziz, Charles Morrisette, Kelby Callahan, Devin Mcallister Jan 2017

Hyperspectral Signatures And Worldview-3 Imagery Of Indian River Lagoon And Banana River Estuarine Water And Bottom Types, Charles R. Bostater Jr., Taylor S. Oney, Tyler Rotkiske, Samin Aziz, Charles Morrisette, Kelby Callahan, Devin Mcallister

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Hyperspectral signatures and imagery collected during the spring and summer of 2017 and 2016 are presented. Ground sampling distances (GSD) and pixel sizes were sampled from just over a meter to less than 4.0 mm. A pushbroom hyperspectral imager was used to calculate bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) signatures. Hyperspectral signatures of different water types and bottom habitats such as submerged seagrasses, drift algae and algal bloom waters were scanned using a high spectral and digital resolution solid state spectrograph. WorldView-3 satellite imagery with minimal water wave sun glint effects was used to demonstrate the ability to detect bottom features using …

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Numerical Investigations Of Tip Clearance Flow Characteristics Of A Pumpjet Propulsor, Lin Lu, Yuefei Gao, Qiang Li, Lin Du Jan 2017

Numerical Investigations Of Tip Clearance Flow Characteristics Of A Pumpjet Propulsor, Lin Lu, Yuefei Gao, Qiang Li, Lin Du

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

In this study, numerical investigations of the tip clearance flow characteristics of a pumpjet propulsor based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method have been presented. The Zwart-Gerber-Belamri (Z-G-B) cavitation model based on Reynolds Averaged NaviereStokes (RANS) method is employed. The structured gird is applied. The formation and development of the tip clearance flows has been investigated and presented. The structure of the tip leakage vortex has been shown. The radial distributions of different velocity components with different Span along the axial direction have been carried out to present the influence of the tip clearance flow on the main flow. In …

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Collection And Corrections Of Oblique Multiangle Hyperspectral Bidirectional Reflectance Imagery Of The Water Surface, Charles R. Bostater Jr., Taylor S. Oney Jan 2017

Collection And Corrections Of Oblique Multiangle Hyperspectral Bidirectional Reflectance Imagery Of The Water Surface, Charles R. Bostater Jr., Taylor S. Oney

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Hyperspectral images of coastal waters in urbanized regions were collected from fixed platform locations. Surf zone imagery, images of shallow bays, lagoons and coastal waters are processed to produce bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) signatures corrected for changing viewing angles. Angular changes as a function of pixel location within a scene are used to estimate changes in pixel size and ground sampling areas. Diffuse calibration targets collected simultaneously from within the image scene provides the necessary information for calculating BRF signatures of the water surface and shorelines. Automated scanning using a pushbroom hyperspectral sensor allows imagery to be collected on the …

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Bumper V1.0: A Bayesian User-Friendly Model For Palaeo-Environmental Reconstruction, Philip B. Holden, H. John B. Birks, Stephen J. Brooks, Mark B. Bush, Grace M. Hwang, Frazer Matthews-Bird, Bryan G. Valencia, Robert Van Woeslk Jan 2017

Bumper V1.0: A Bayesian User-Friendly Model For Palaeo-Environmental Reconstruction, Philip B. Holden, H. John B. Birks, Stephen J. Brooks, Mark B. Bush, Grace M. Hwang, Frazer Matthews-Bird, Bryan G. Valencia, Robert Van Woeslk

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

We describe the Bayesian user-friendly model for palaeo-environmental reconstruction (BUMPER), a Bayesian transfer function for inferring past climate and other environmental variables from microfossil assemblages. BUMPER is fully self-calibrating, straightforward to apply, and computationally fast, requiring ~2 s to build a 100- taxon model from a 100-site training set on a standard personal computer. We apply the model’s probabilistic framework to generate thousands of artificial training sets under ideal assumptions. We then use these to demonstrate the sensitivity of reconstructions to the characteristics of the training set, considering assemblage richness, taxon tolerances, and the number of training sites. We find …

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The Tolerance Of Benthic Infauna To Fine-Grained Organic Rich Sediments In A Shallow Subtropical Estuary, Daniel Christopher Hope Dec 2016

The Tolerance Of Benthic Infauna To Fine-Grained Organic Rich Sediments In A Shallow Subtropical Estuary, Daniel Christopher Hope

Theses and Dissertations

Fine-grained organic-rich sediments (FGORS) from anthropogenic impacts are a growing concern for bays and estuaries around the world. This study explores the relationships between infaunal community diversity and species’ abundances with FGORS in the Indian River Lagoon and its tributaries. To examine these potential relationships, infauna were collected monthly using a Petit Ponar grab at 16 stations in the central Indian River Lagoon from October 2015 to August 2016. Abundant taxa in these sediments include polychaete worms (e.g., the polychaete Nereis succinea), molluscs (e.g., clam Parastarte triquetra), and arthropods (e.g., the tanaid Leptochelia dubia) with densities as high as 5.3x10⁴ …

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Influence Of Ndbc Buoy Design On Sea Surface Temperature Trends In The Coastal United States, Alexander Keith Nickerson Dec 2016

Influence Of Ndbc Buoy Design On Sea Surface Temperature Trends In The Coastal United States, Alexander Keith Nickerson

Theses and Dissertations

The sea surface temperature (SST) record is the one of the oldest climate records, stretching back to 1662. Since that time, voluntary observing ships (VOSs) have been including these data in their ship‘s log. Due to the sparseness of VOS data, moored buoys were created to provide data at regular intervals in order to provide a more continuous record with data collection unaffected by human error. The SST sensor in National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoys is inside a hull and not in direct contact with the ocean. Thus, the design of the buoy may subject them to additional biases …

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Categorizing “Muck” In The Indian River Lagoon, Florida, Based On Chemical, Physical And Biological Characteristics, Katherine Mae Beckett Dec 2016

Categorizing “Muck” In The Indian River Lagoon, Florida, Based On Chemical, Physical And Biological Characteristics, Katherine Mae Beckett

Theses and Dissertations

During the past six decades, the thickness and areal extent of muck sediments have continually increased in the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida. These sediments are anoxic, store and release nutrients, and destroy natural benthic habitats. The main objective of this research was to develop guidelines that help prioritize sites for muck removal based on the following: (1) biological abundance and diversity, (2) muck thickness, and (3) the physical and chemical composition of muck. Thinner muck deposits (20-40 cm), collected during two seasons at eight locations in the lagoon and adjacent creeks, had greater variability in sediment composition and ~5 …

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The Role Of Biotic And Environmental Factors In Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Indian River Lagoon Copepod Communities, Hannah G. Kolb Dec 2016

The Role Of Biotic And Environmental Factors In Spatial And Temporal Variability Of Indian River Lagoon Copepod Communities, Hannah G. Kolb

Theses and Dissertations

The role of zooplankton communities as the link between phytoplankton and secondary consumers is dependent on the species make-up of the copepod community. Copepods often dominate zooplankton in numbers and biomass and are frequently the dominant grazers. Species variabilities in behavioral and morphological traits, and seasonal variances in species make-up, have the potential to alter trophic dynamics in planktonic communities. The goal of this study was to identify the driving forces behind copepod community composition and better understand the role of key species in the Northern Indian River Lagoon (N-IRL). Copepods made up 76% of the N-IRL zooplankton community and …

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Exploring The Role Of Biofilms In The Transport And Establishment Of Invasive Marine Macrofoulers, Lynn Holly Sweat Dec 2016

Exploring The Role Of Biofilms In The Transport And Establishment Of Invasive Marine Macrofoulers, Lynn Holly Sweat

Theses and Dissertations

Biofilms dominated by bacteria and diatoms universally colonize submerged surfaces and mediate larval recruitment in benthic marine systems. The ability for macrofoulers to be transported by vessels and become globally established is likely affected by cues from the biofilm organisms they encounter. This study investigates how macrofoulers respond to biofilms shaped by local geography, transport processes and relocation. Biofilm assemblages in neighboring ports were largely unique to the site at which they were developed. Bacteria were primary drivers of variations among sites, and overall bacterial richness was an order of magnitude higher than has been reported for other marine environments. …

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Benthic Foraminiferal Distributions In A Shallow Subtropical Estuary And The Influence Of Environmental Factors, Maria Angelica Zamora-Durán Dec 2016

Benthic Foraminiferal Distributions In A Shallow Subtropical Estuary And The Influence Of Environmental Factors, Maria Angelica Zamora-Durán

Theses and Dissertations

Benthic foraminiferal communities are potentially useful tools for assessing and monitoring estuarine ecosystems and as bioindicators of water quality and pollution. To evaluate this indicator for the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) benthic ecosystem, the densities and distributions of Foraminifera were measured in Turkey Creek (Palm Bay, Florida), Crane Creek (Melbourne, Florida), and the adjacent IRL. Spatial population patterns were compared with parameters characterizing benthic sediments, including silt and clay content, organic matter (OM), and associated boundary water column conditions including salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO. Samples (n=145) were collected from October 2015 to December 2015 at 12 locations. Four …

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An Analysis Of The Moisture And Moist Static Energy Budgets In Amip Simulations, Kristine Adelaide Boykin Sep 2016

An Analysis Of The Moisture And Moist Static Energy Budgets In Amip Simulations, Kristine Adelaide Boykin

Theses and Dissertations

An analysis of the second phase of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations has been conducted to understand the physical processes that control precipitation in the tropics. This is achieved primarily through the analysis of the moisture and moist static energy budgets. Overall, there is broad agreement between the simulated and observed precipitation, although specific tropical regions such as the Maritime Continent poses challenges to these simulations. The models in general capture the latitudinal distribution of precipitation and key precipitating regions including the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the Asian Monsoon. The simulations portrayed the global patterns of evaporation …

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Surface Cooling Due To Precipitation In The Tropics, Camila Gomes Martins Ramos Jul 2016

Surface Cooling Due To Precipitation In The Tropics, Camila Gomes Martins Ramos

Theses and Dissertations

Precipitation is an important component of the global hydrological cycle. It affects the upper ocean salinity by adding freshwater to the ocean. In addition, precipitation plays a role in cooling the ocean and land surfaces, when the temperature of the raindrops is lower than the temperature of the surface. However, the surface cooling due to precipitation (QP) remains an overlooked feature and is not included in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) models. One might expect that heavy precipitation events may lead to large QP, which can impact the surface temperature, surface energy balance, and local- to regional-scale circulations. …

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Simulating Bottom Reflectance Retrievals Using An Analytical Solution For The Two-Flow Irradiance Models, Tyler A. Rotkiske Jul 2016

Simulating Bottom Reflectance Retrievals Using An Analytical Solution For The Two-Flow Irradiance Models, Tyler A. Rotkiske

Theses and Dissertations

Existing analytical solutions to the two-flow irradiance equations are used to obtain new relations for simulating hyperspectral bottom reflectance signatures. Synthetic bottom reflectance signatures are compared to measured bottom reflectance signatures in order to test the model equation limitations of the formulations. Measured hyperspectral bottom reflectance signatures for a dead reef, Elkhorn coral, seagrass and sand, sand, and turtle grass are used. Estimated collimated and diffuse irradiances are inputs needed to run model formulations. Also, specific absorption, specific backscattering coefficients, and water depth for ocean, coastal, and estuarine waters are used as inputs to simulate bottom reflectance retrievals. The specific …

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Super-Oceanic Winds Over A Narrow Coastal Estuary In Onshore Flow Events, Michael Splitt, Steven M. Lazarus, Jeff Colvin, Bryan P. Holman Jan 2016

Super-Oceanic Winds Over A Narrow Coastal Estuary In Onshore Flow Events, Michael Splitt, Steven M. Lazarus, Jeff Colvin, Bryan P. Holman

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Indian River Lagoon Winds -- Shallow water estuary -- Average depth ~ 1 m -- Fetch limited except NNW/SSE -- Stretches 150 miles north/south -- Limited exchange with ocean via inlets -- Improvement of wind forcing -- Wind set-up and surge forecasting -- Significant wave height forecasting -- “cheaper” solutions for ensemble forecasts -- Protection of life & property (NWS) -- Ecological system impacts (local science)

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Forecasting Significant Wave Height In A Coastal Estuary, Steven M. Lazarus, Michael Splitt, Jeff Colvin, Bryan Holman, Robert Weaver, Peyman Taeb, Atousa Saberi Jan 2016

Forecasting Significant Wave Height In A Coastal Estuary, Steven M. Lazarus, Michael Splitt, Jeff Colvin, Bryan Holman, Robert Weaver, Peyman Taeb, Atousa Saberi

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Would like to ‘extend’ the Nearshore Wave Prediction System (NWPS, Van Der Westhuysen et al. 2013) into a large narrow estuary (Indian River Lagoon, IRL). Full-blown hydrodynamic simulations

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Impacts Of Bias Correction Of Wind Forecasts On Hydrodynamic And Wave Model Predictions, Robert J. Weaver, Peyman Taeb, Bryan P. Holman, Steven M. Lazarus, Michael E. Splitt, Atousa Saberi, Jeff Colvin Jan 2016

Impacts Of Bias Correction Of Wind Forecasts On Hydrodynamic And Wave Model Predictions, Robert J. Weaver, Peyman Taeb, Bryan P. Holman, Steven M. Lazarus, Michael E. Splitt, Atousa Saberi, Jeff Colvin

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

High-resolution hydrodynamic models are forced by surface wind output from operational met. models. Current suite of operational met. models do not have the spatial resolution needed to resolve the fine scale processes associated with complex estuarine wind-driven circulation nor a detailed land-water mask. Goal: improve forecast wind forcing in most efficient manner as possible

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Inferring Late-Holocene Climate In The Ecuadorian Andes Using A Chironomid-Based Temperature Inference Model, Frazer Matthews-Bird, Stephen J. Brooks, Philip B. Holden, Encarni Montoya, William D. Gosling Jan 2016

Inferring Late-Holocene Climate In The Ecuadorian Andes Using A Chironomid-Based Temperature Inference Model, Frazer Matthews-Bird, Stephen J. Brooks, Philip B. Holden, Encarni Montoya, William D. Gosling

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Presented here is the first chironomid calibration data set for tropical South America. Surface sediments were collected from 59 lakes across Bolivia (15 lakes), Peru (32 lakes), and Ecuador (12 lakes) between 2004 and 2013 over an altitudinal gradient from 150 m above sea level (a.s.l) to 4655 m a.s.l, between 0–17° S and 64–78° W. The study sites cover a mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient of 25 °C. In total, 55 chironomid taxa were identified in the 59 calibration data set lakes. When used as a single explanatory variable, MAT explains 12.9 % of the variance (λ1/λ2 =  1.431). …

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Environmental Controls On The Distribution And Diversity Of Lentic Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) Across An Altitudinal Gradient In Tropical South America, Frazer Matthews-Bird, William D. Gosling, Angela L. Coe, Mark Bush, Francis E. Mayle, Yarrow Axford, Stephen J. Brooks Jan 2016

Environmental Controls On The Distribution And Diversity Of Lentic Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) Across An Altitudinal Gradient In Tropical South America, Frazer Matthews-Bird, William D. Gosling, Angela L. Coe, Mark Bush, Francis E. Mayle, Yarrow Axford, Stephen J. Brooks

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

To predict the response of aquatic ecosystems to future global climate change, data on the ecology and distribution of keystone groups in freshwater ecosystems are needed. In contrast to mid- and high-latitude zones, such data are scarce across tropical South America (Neotropics). We present the distribution and diversity of chironomid species using surface sediments of 59 lakes from the Andes to the Amazon (0.1–17°S and 64–78°W) within the Neotropics. We assess the spatial variation in community assemblages and identify the key variables influencing the distributional patterns. The relationships between environmental variables (pH, conductivity, depth, and sediment organic content), climatic data, …

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Benthic Marine Calcifiers Coexist With Caco3-Undersaturated Seawater Worldwide, Mario Lebrato, Andreas J. Andersson, Justin Baker Ries, Richard B. Aronson, Miles D. Lamare, Wolfgang Koeve, Andreas Oschlies, Maria Débora Iglesias-Rodríguez, Sven Thatje, M. Amsler, Stephanie C. Vos, D. O. B. Jones, H. A. Ruhl, A. R. Gates, J. B. Mcclintock Jan 2016

Benthic Marine Calcifiers Coexist With Caco3-Undersaturated Seawater Worldwide, Mario Lebrato, Andreas J. Andersson, Justin Baker Ries, Richard B. Aronson, Miles D. Lamare, Wolfgang Koeve, Andreas Oschlies, Maria Débora Iglesias-Rodríguez, Sven Thatje, M. Amsler, Stephanie C. Vos, D. O. B. Jones, H. A. Ruhl, A. R. Gates, J. B. Mcclintock

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Ocean acidification and decreasing seawater saturation state with respect to calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals have raised concerns about the consequences to marine organisms that build CaCO3 structures. A large proportion of benthic marine calcifiers incorporate Mg2+ into their skeletons (Mg-calcite), which, in general, reduces mineral stability. The relative vulnerability of some marine calcifiers to ocean acidification appears linked to the relative solubility of their shell or skeletal mineralogy, although some organisms have sophisticated mechanisms for constructing and maintaining their CaCO3 structures causing deviation from this dependence. Nevertheless, few studies consider seawater saturation state with respect to the actual Mg-calcite mineralogy …

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Instrumenting The Unmanned Surface Vehicle, Dorado With A Novel, Miniature Gas Chromatograph: Toward A Rapidly-Deployable, Operational Protocol For Studying Dispersion In The Ocean, John Christopher L'Esperance Sep 2015

Instrumenting The Unmanned Surface Vehicle, Dorado With A Novel, Miniature Gas Chromatograph: Toward A Rapidly-Deployable, Operational Protocol For Studying Dispersion In The Ocean, John Christopher L'Esperance

Link Foundation Ocean Engineering and Instrumentation Fellowship Reports

There exists a well-developed and maturing framework for understanding and predicting the circulation of water masses at scales of the world ocean down to the scales of ports and harbors. Ocean circulation models employing data-assimilative techniques, and operating in real time, can benefit from observational infrastructure established and maintained by researchers, governments, and other organizations around the globe. As an example, observations from moored instruments which facilitate the measurements of current velocities can be used to constrain or adjust the predictions made by ocean circulation models (OCM). There are, however, properties of oceanic flows which are less conducive to direct …

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A Study Of Thunderstorm Microphysical Properties And Lightning Flash Counts Associated With Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes, D. E. Barnes, M. E. Splitt, J. R. Dwyer, S. Lazarus, D. M. Smith, H. K. Rassoul Mar 2015

A Study Of Thunderstorm Microphysical Properties And Lightning Flash Counts Associated With Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes, D. E. Barnes, M. E. Splitt, J. R. Dwyer, S. Lazarus, D. M. Smith, H. K. Rassoul

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

The terrestrial gamma ray flash (TGF) is an emission of highly energetic radiation produced by or at least in close association with lightning. Previous investigations attempted to isolate the production mechanisms and production altitude(s) of TGFs as well as macrophysical characteristics, while thunderstorm microphysical characteristics were largely ignored. This investigation into thunderstorms and their hydrometeor and flash characteristics utilize temporal and spatial coincident satellite passes between the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission to determine the bulk (or footprint) microphysical properties of two types of study events, the thunderstorm complexes which are associated …

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High-Altitude Electrical Discharges Associated With Thunderstorms And Lightning, Ningyu Liu, Matthew G. Mcharg, Hans C. Stenbaek-Nielsen Jan 2015

High-Altitude Electrical Discharges Associated With Thunderstorms And Lightning, Ningyu Liu, Matthew G. Mcharg, Hans C. Stenbaek-Nielsen

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

The purpose of this paper is to introduce electrical discharge phenomena known as transient luminous events above thunderstorms to the lightning protection community. Transient luminous events include the upward electrical discharges from thunderstorms known as starters, jets, and gigantic jets, and electrical discharges initiated in the lower ionosphere such as sprites, halos, and elves. We give an overview of these phenomena with a focus on starters, jets, gigantic jets, and sprites, because similar to ordinary lightning, streamers and leaders are basic components of these four types of transient luminous events. We present a few recent observations to illustrate their main …

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