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Articles 121 - 150 of 179

Full-Text Articles in Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Spectral Dependence Of Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes On Source Distance, Bryna J. Hazelton, Brian W. Grefenstette, David M. Smith, Joseph R. Dwyer, Xuanmin Shao, Steven A. Cummer, Themis G. Chronis, Erin H. Lay, Robert H. Holzworth Jan 2009

Spectral Dependence Of Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flashes On Source Distance, Bryna J. Hazelton, Brian W. Grefenstette, David M. Smith, Joseph R. Dwyer, Xuanmin Shao, Steven A. Cummer, Themis G. Chronis, Erin H. Lay, Robert H. Holzworth

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

We use lightning sferics from the World Wide Lightning Location Network to identify storms near 362 Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs). The combined spectrum of TGFs with storms within 300 km of the sub-satellite point is much harder than the spectrum of TGFs with more distant storms. When these data are compared with simulations of vertically oriented relativistic runaway breakdown, it is found that the most likely model has a source altitude of 15 km and a wide-beam geometry. We find four associations of TGFs with individual sferics geolocated to positions more than 300 km from the sub-satellite point and show …

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The Impact Of High-Resolution Sea Surface Temperatures On The Simulated Nocturnal Florida Marine Boundary Layer, Katherine M. Lacasse, Michael E. Splitt, Steven M. Lazarus, William M. Lapenta Apr 2008

The Impact Of High-Resolution Sea Surface Temperatures On The Simulated Nocturnal Florida Marine Boundary Layer, Katherine M. Lacasse, Michael E. Splitt, Steven M. Lazarus, William M. Lapenta

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

High- and low-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) analysis products are used to initialize the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model for May 2004 for short-term forecasts over Florida and surrounding waters. Initial and boundary conditions for the simulations were provided by a combination of observations, large-scale model output, and analysis products. The impact of using a 1-km Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) SST composite on subsequent evolution of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) is assessed through simulation comparisons and limited validation. Model results are presented for individual simulations, as well as for aggregates of easterly- and westerlydominated low-level flows. …

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Time Evolution Of Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes, Brian W. Grefenstette, David M. Smith, Joseph R. Dwyer, Gerald Jerry Fishman Jan 2008

Time Evolution Of Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flashes, Brian W. Grefenstette, David M. Smith, Joseph R. Dwyer, Gerald Jerry Fishman

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

We present a study of the time evolution of TGFs observed by both RHESSI and BATSE and compare the data with Monte Carlo simulations of relativistic runaway electron avalanches that record the time of flight for individual photons. Our analysis of the RHESSI data shows that the average delay between the main, hard peak and the secondary, soft tail in the RHESSI data is 28 ± 3 μs. We show that this is consistent with Compton downscattering of hard photons in the atmosphere in our simulations when the source region is located at or below 21 km, which is consistent …

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High-Energy Electron Beams Launched Into Space By Thunderstorms, Joseph R. Dwyer, Brian W. Grefenstette, David M. Smith Jan 2008

High-Energy Electron Beams Launched Into Space By Thunderstorms, Joseph R. Dwyer, Brian W. Grefenstette, David M. Smith

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

Using CGRO/BATSE data, a possible new source of high-energy electrons and positrons in the earth's inner magnetosphere is presented. These particles are generated within the upper atmosphere by Compton scattering and pair-production of gamma-rays originating from near the tropopause as Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs). Once created, these energetic electrons and positrons follow the geomagnetic field into the inner magnetosphere where they can be detected in low-earth orbit, either near the TGF magnetic foot point or at the conjugate point several thousand kilometers away. Approximately 17% of CGRO/BATSE events previously identified as terrestrial gamma-ray flashes are, in fact, such electrons and …

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Co-Location Of Lightning Leader X-Ray And Electric Field Change Sources, John J. Howard, Martin A. Uman, Joseph R. Dwyer, Dustin Hill, Christopher J. Biagi, Ziad H. Saleh, Jason E. Jerauld, Hamid K. Rassoul Jan 2008

Co-Location Of Lightning Leader X-Ray And Electric Field Change Sources, John J. Howard, Martin A. Uman, Joseph R. Dwyer, Dustin Hill, Christopher J. Biagi, Ziad H. Saleh, Jason E. Jerauld, Hamid K. Rassoul

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

Using an eight-station time of arrival (TOA) network composed of NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors and wideband electric field derivative (dE/dt) antennas covering approximately 1 km² on the ground, we have located both the sources of X-ray emissions and electric field changes produced during the leader phase of both downward negative natural and rocket-triggered lightning strokes. We show that the sources of X rays and leader step electric field changes are co-located in space within 50 m and that the located X rays are emitted 0.1 to 1.3 μs after the origin of the leader step electric field changes.

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Modeling Study Of 2006 Central Florida Wildfires Using Fire Area Simulator, Danielle Denise Carpenter May 2007

Modeling Study Of 2006 Central Florida Wildfires Using Fire Area Simulator, Danielle Denise Carpenter

Theses and Dissertations

“Fire weather” addresses fire behavior in specified fuels under various weather conditions. In a wildland context, the term “fuel” describes any organic matter, live or dead, that will ignite and bum in a fire. Fuels vary in species, location, and abundance, and may lie in a substrate, surface layer, and/or canopy. Fuel moisture varies to maintain equilibrium with the atmosphere. Fire propagation is the progressive movement of fire in space and time. Advancements of fire from one discrete fuel element to the next is a process that involves heat production, heat transfer, and heat absorption, and is dependent on fuel …

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Correlation Between Energetic Ion Enhancements And Heliospheric Current Sheet Crossings In The Outer Heliosphere, John D. Richardson, Edward C. Stone, Ace C. Cummings, Justin C. Kasper, Ming Zhang, Leonard F. Burlaga, Nudel F. Ness, Ying Liu Jan 2006

Correlation Between Energetic Ion Enhancements And Heliospheric Current Sheet Crossings In The Outer Heliosphere, John D. Richardson, Edward C. Stone, Ace C. Cummings, Justin C. Kasper, Ming Zhang, Leonard F. Burlaga, Nudel F. Ness, Ying Liu

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

Voyagers 1 and 2 observed highly-variable beams of energetic ions in the foreshock region upstream of the termination shock (TS). At Voyager 2 (V2), the ion intensities are generally not related to the plasma properties. At Voyager 1 (V1), the beams are often coincident with crossings of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS). The V1 intensity peaks occur when the HCS is crossed from negative to positive magnetic polarities and V1 is within a few AU of the TS. Two mechanisms are considered: current sheet drift and streaming of ions from the TS along magnetic field lines which are parallel to …

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Reply To Comment By Cristina Archer And Mark Jacobson On ‘‘Evaluation Of A Wind Power Parameterization Using Tower Observations’’, Steven Lazarus, Jennifer Bewley Jan 2006

Reply To Comment By Cristina Archer And Mark Jacobson On ‘‘Evaluation Of A Wind Power Parameterization Using Tower Observations’’, Steven Lazarus, Jennifer Bewley

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

The Lazarus and Bewley [2005] (hereinafter referred to as LB05) evaluation of the Archer and Jacobson [2003] (hereinafter referred to as AJ03) methodology was designed to examine various sensitivities of a wind power parameterization that was applied globally to estimate 80-m wind power. AJ03 has since been updated in a sequence of papers which has, in part, resulted in a reduction of their original power estimates due to some changes in their basic equations. The motivation for the LB05 work can be found in AJ03’s Figure 3 which indicates annual wind power estimates of class 6 and 7 effectively collocated …

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Transport Of Spring Floodwater From Rivers Under Ice To The Alaskan Beaufort Sea, Matthew B. Alkire, John H. Trefry Jan 2006

Transport Of Spring Floodwater From Rivers Under Ice To The Alaskan Beaufort Sea, Matthew B. Alkire, John H. Trefry

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Spring floods carry Alaskan river water north to a frozen Beaufort Sea. A plume of water from the Sagavanirktok River (SR) was identified and traced by measuring salinity, d18O, and dissolved silica in discrete water samples collected beneath landfast ice in the coastal Alaskan Beaufort Sea from late May to early June 2004 during high river flow. An Optimum Multiparameter analysis was used to calculate the fractions of SR water from the measured geochemical parameters. The SR plume followed the northwestward flowing local circulation and moved ~17 km north and ~15 km west under ice from the river mouth. The …

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Hyperspectral Simulation And Recovery Of Submerged Targets In Turbid Waters, Charles R. Bostater May 2005

Hyperspectral Simulation And Recovery Of Submerged Targets In Turbid Waters, Charles R. Bostater

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Modeled hyperspectral reflectance signatures just above the water surface are obtained from radiative transfer models to create synthetic images of targets below the water surface. Images are displayed as 24 bit RGB images of the water surface using selected channels. Example model outputs are presented in this paper for a hyperspectral Monte Carlo and a hyperspectral layered analytical iterative model of radiative transport within turbid shallow water types. Images at the selected wavelengths or channels centered at 490, 530 and 680 nm suggests the two models provide quite similar results when displayed as RGB images. The techniques are demonstrated to …

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Local Adjustment Of The Background Error Correlation For Surface Analyses Over Complex Terrain, David T. Myrick, John D. Horel, Steven M. Lazarus Apr 2005

Local Adjustment Of The Background Error Correlation For Surface Analyses Over Complex Terrain, David T. Myrick, John D. Horel, Steven M. Lazarus

Aeronautics Faculty Publications

The terrain between grid points is used to modify locally the background error correlation matrix in an objective analysis system. This modification helps to reduce the influence across mountain barriers of corrections to the background field that are derived from surface observations. This change to the background error correlation matrix is tested using an analytic case of surface temperature that encapsulates the significant features of nocturnal radiation inversions in mountain basins, which can be difficult to analyze because of locally sharp gradients in temperature. Bratseth successive corrections, optimal interpolation, and three-dimensional variational approaches are shown to yield exactly the same …

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A Comparison Between Monte Carlo Simulations Of Runaway Breakdown And Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flash Observations, Joseph R. Dwyer, David M. Smith Jan 2005

A Comparison Between Monte Carlo Simulations Of Runaway Breakdown And Terrestrial Gamma-Ray Flash Observations, Joseph R. Dwyer, David M. Smith

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

Monte Carlo simulations of the runaway breakdown of air are used to calculate the spectra of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs), which are then compared with RHESSI and CGRO/BATSE observations. It is found that the recent RHESSI spectrum is not consistent with a source altitude above 24 km but can be well fit by a source in the range of 15-21 km, depending upon the electric field geometry of the source. Because 15 km is not unusual for the tops of thunderstorms, especially at low latitudes, and is lower than typical minimum sprite altitudes, the RHESSI data imply that thunderstorms and …

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X-Ray Bursts Produced By Laboratory Sparks In Air, Joseph R. Dwyer, Hamid K. Rassoul, Ziad H. Saleh, Martin A. Uman, J. Jerauld, J. Anderson Plumer Jan 2005

X-Ray Bursts Produced By Laboratory Sparks In Air, Joseph R. Dwyer, Hamid K. Rassoul, Ziad H. Saleh, Martin A. Uman, J. Jerauld, J. Anderson Plumer

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

X-ray observations were made during fourteen 1.5 to 2.0 m high-voltage discharges in air produced by a 1.5 MV Marx circuit. All 14 discharges generated x-rays in the ∼30 to 150 keV range. The x-rays, which arrived in discrete bursts, less than 0.5 microseconds in duration, occurred from both positive and negative polarity rod-to-plane discharges as well as from small, 5-10 cm series spark gaps within the Marx generator. The x-ray bursts usually occurred when either the voltages across the gaps were the largest or were in the process of collapsing. The bursts are remarkably similar to the x-ray bursts …

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The Initiation Of Lightning By Runaway Air Breakdown, Joseph R. Dwyer Jan 2005

The Initiation Of Lightning By Runaway Air Breakdown, Joseph R. Dwyer

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

A mechanism for lightning initiation by the sustained runaway breakdown of air is presented. Unlike earlior models that rely upon large cosmic-ray air showers, this mechanism uses the runaway electrons produced by the steady background of atmospheric cosmic-rays to amplify non-uniformities in the electric field. The ionization of air from the runaway electrons creates a region of discharge that propagates in the opposite direction of the electrons, enhancing the electric field in front of it to the point where a conventional breakdown can occur. As the discharged region grows, positron feedback can become important, dramatically increasing the flux of runaway …

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Evaluation Of A Wind Power Parameterization Using Tower Observations, Steven M. Lazarus, Jennifer Bewley Jan 2005

Evaluation Of A Wind Power Parameterization Using Tower Observations, Steven M. Lazarus, Jennifer Bewley

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

The spatial and temporal components of a published wind power parameterization method are evaluated using observed winds (9 m to 90 m) from 7 years of data collected at four towers in the Kennedy Space Center/Cape Canaveral Air Force Station network. The temporal component is governed by two parameterization inputs which represent the amplitude and mean of an assumed sinusoidal diurnal variation of the ratio of the 80 m to 10 m winds, respectively. Comparison with tower observations shows that the estimates of the mean ratio are robust but biased high, indicating that the temporal variation of the observations can …

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Synthetic Image Generation Of Shallow Water Using An Iterative Layered Radiative Transfer Model With Realistic Water Surface Waves, Charles R. Bostater Jr., Lisa Huddleston, Luce Bassetti Feb 2004

Synthetic Image Generation Of Shallow Water Using An Iterative Layered Radiative Transfer Model With Realistic Water Surface Waves, Charles R. Bostater Jr., Lisa Huddleston, Luce Bassetti

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Modeled hyperspectral reflectance signatures just above the water surface are obtained from an analytical-based, iterative radiative transport model applicable to shallow water types. Light transport within the water body is simulated using a fast, accurate radiative transfer model that calculates the light distribution in any layered media. A realistic water surface is synthesized using empirically-based spectral models of the ocean surface to generate water surface waves. Images are displayed as 24 bit RGB images of the water surface using selected channels from a synthetic hyperspectral image cube. The selected channels are centered at 490, 530 and 676 nm. Hyperspectral image …

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Data Assimilation Of Avhrr And Modis Data For Land Base Initialization And Boundary Conditions In The Utc-M Atmospheric Boundary Layer Sea-Breeze Model Of Space Coast Florida, Charles R. Bostater Jr., Jerome A. King, Lisa H. Huddleston, Luce Bassetti Feb 2004

Data Assimilation Of Avhrr And Modis Data For Land Base Initialization And Boundary Conditions In The Utc-M Atmospheric Boundary Layer Sea-Breeze Model Of Space Coast Florida, Charles R. Bostater Jr., Jerome A. King, Lisa H. Huddleston, Luce Bassetti

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

The purpose of this paper is to present results of simulations of the Florida Tech UTC-M sea-breeze model22 with the addition of a simplified atmospheric downwelling radiation subroutine1,4 combined and a thermal inertia subroutine17,19,20 into the atmospheric planetary boundary layer model, in order to calculate time dependant heat flux boundary conditions at the air-land boundary that are derived from satellite data from AVHRR and MODIS sensors. The improved UTC-M planetary boundary layer model with this thermal sub-model subroutine is used to demonstrate the use of thermal inertia to help estimate heat fluxes at the land-air interface which in turn influences …

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Development Of An In-Situ Hydrothermal Dissolved Carbon Dioxide Sensor For Hydrothermal Environments, Brooke Love Jan 2004

Development Of An In-Situ Hydrothermal Dissolved Carbon Dioxide Sensor For Hydrothermal Environments, Brooke Love

Link Foundation Ocean Engineering and Instrumentation Fellowship Reports

Hydrothermal systems at mid ocean ridges are a unique environment which connect the mantle, lithosphere, ocean, and biosphere in one complex system. Fluid chemistry is one key tool in understanding this environment, and carbon dioxide is the most abundant gas in these fluids. Its relative abundance and the information it can give about the magmatic activity, which is one of the ultimate drivers of these systems, and other processes, make it an attractive target for development of an in-situ sensor. This work has shown that attenuated total reflection (ATR) is a promising technique for in situ carbon dioxide measurements under …

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Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Protocol Development For Submerged Aquatic Vegetation In Shallow Waters, Charles R. Bostater Jr., T. Ghir, L. Bassetti, Carlton Hall, E. Reyier, R. Lowers, K. Holloway-Adkins, Robert Virnstein Feb 2003

Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Protocol Development For Submerged Aquatic Vegetation In Shallow Waters, Charles R. Bostater Jr., T. Ghir, L. Bassetti, Carlton Hall, E. Reyier, R. Lowers, K. Holloway-Adkins, Robert Virnstein

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) is an important indicator of freshwater and marine water quality in almost all shallow water aquatic environments. Throughout the world the diversity of submerged aquatic vegetation appears to be in decline, although sufficient historical data, of sufficient quantitative quality is lacking. Hyperspectral remote sensing technology, available from low altitude aircraft sensors, may provide a basis to improve upon existing photographic regional assessments and monitoring concerned with the aerial extent and coverage of SAV. In addition, modern low altitude remote sensing may also help in the development of environmental satellite requirements for future satellite payloads. This paper …

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Absorption Spectroscopy Of Colored Dissolved Organic Carbon In Georgia (Usa) Rivers: The Impact Of Molecular Size Distribution, Yosef Z. Yacobi, James J. Alberts, Monika Takacs, Michelle Mcelvaine Jan 2003

Absorption Spectroscopy Of Colored Dissolved Organic Carbon In Georgia (Usa) Rivers: The Impact Of Molecular Size Distribution, Yosef Z. Yacobi, James J. Alberts, Monika Takacs, Michelle Mcelvaine

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was collected in six rivers that transect the coastal plain of Georgia in July 1999 and February 2000. DOC concentrations ranged from 4.9 to 40.7 g m-3 and from 7.1 to 40.5 g m-3, respectively. The absorption coefficient at 440 nm was highly correlated with DOC concentration, suggesting that the optical parameter may be utilized for rapid estimation of DOC in these waters. The isolated DOC was separated into fractions of operationally defined molecular size, using an ultrafiltration technique that yielded three fractions: <10 ("small"), 10-50 ("medium") and >50 ("large") kilodalton. The smallest fraction was the most abundant (>50%) in …

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Oceanic Transport And Life History Of The Tropical Western Atlantic Opossum Pipefish, Microphis Brachyurus Lineatus, Sarah Frias-Torres May 2002

Oceanic Transport And Life History Of The Tropical Western Atlantic Opossum Pipefish, Microphis Brachyurus Lineatus, Sarah Frias-Torres

Theses and Dissertations

The opossum pipefish, Microphis brachyurus lineatus, is a tropical migratory syngnathid. Adults live and breed in freshwater tributaries in specific emergent vegetative habitats. Juveniles associate with pelagic Sargassum in the tropical western Atlantic. Reproduction occurs during the wet season (May-November). Juvenile recruitment occurs during the dry season (December-April). The objective of this dissertation is to study the east Florida breeding population in the freshwater tributaries of the Indian River Lagoon and focus on: 1) Larval drift to the Gulf Stream and, 2) recruitment of pelagic juveniles from the Gulf Stream onto the freshwater breeding habitat. Pouch released larvae face sharp …

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Near-Real-Time Applications Of A Mesoscale Analysis System To Complex Terrain, Steven M. Lazarus, Carol M. Ciliberti, John D. Horel, Keith A. Brewer Mar 2002

Near-Real-Time Applications Of A Mesoscale Analysis System To Complex Terrain, Steven M. Lazarus, Carol M. Ciliberti, John D. Horel, Keith A. Brewer

Aeronautics Faculty Publications

Several mesoscale data analysis systems are reviewed, of which one is then adapted and applied to the complex terrain of northwest Utah and the western United States. The analysis system relies on the simple, but computationally efficient, successive correction methodology. Near-real-time three-dimensional mesoscale analyses are produced hourly over northwest Utah at 1-km horizontal resolution while analyses are produced every 15 min for surface fields over northwest Utah and the western United States. Surface analyses over the western United States are also generated at 0000 and 1200 UTC to help to initialize 36- h mesoscale model forecasts. Comparisons between the 1-km …

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Sensitivity Analysis Of The Florida Tech Utc-M Mesoscale Atmopsheric Seabreeze Model To Estimates Of Water And Land Heating Rates Using Avhrr Sst And Coastal Margin Land Temperatures, Charles R. Bostater Jr., Lisa Huddleston, Jerome King Jan 2002

Sensitivity Analysis Of The Florida Tech Utc-M Mesoscale Atmopsheric Seabreeze Model To Estimates Of Water And Land Heating Rates Using Avhrr Sst And Coastal Margin Land Temperatures, Charles R. Bostater Jr., Lisa Huddleston, Jerome King

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

In this paper we conduct sensitivity analyses of the land surface boundary conditions and parameterizations in the UTC-M primitive equation atmospheric planetary boundary layer Seabreeze model. The boundary conditions for temperature of the ocean and land surface is based upon satellite derived AVHRR estimates over the water (SST) and coastal land margins. The sensitivity analysis ofthe boundary conditions as well as the heating and cooling rates in the planetary boundary layer model are also described. The model domain of interest is the region over the Space Coast of Central Florida. This region is unique because of its complex coastal water-land …

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Seawater Temperature Trends At Usa Tide Gauge Sites, George A. Maul, Andria M. Davis, Jeffrey W. Simmons Oct 2001

Seawater Temperature Trends At Usa Tide Gauge Sites, George A. Maul, Andria M. Davis, Jeffrey W. Simmons

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Seawater temperatures have been measured at United States tide gauges throughout most of the 20th century. All available records have been digitized, and the longest 14 have been analyzed by linear least-square regression. The largest positive trend is from Boston MA (+3.6 ± 0.4°C per century), and the largest negative trend is at Charleston SC (-0.1 ± 0.3°C per century). No consistent latitudinal or eastcoast vs. west-coast patterns are discernable, but air temperature trends are typically greater than seawater changes.

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Relationship Between Durophagy And Feeding Biomechanics In Gray Triggerfish, Balistes Capriscus: Intraspecific Variation In Ecological Morphology, Christopher J. Durie, Ralph G. Turingan Jan 2001

Relationship Between Durophagy And Feeding Biomechanics In Gray Triggerfish, Balistes Capriscus: Intraspecific Variation In Ecological Morphology, Christopher J. Durie, Ralph G. Turingan

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

The relationship between oral jaw biomechanics and consumption of hard prey was compared between Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) and Atlantic Ocean (Atlantic) populations of gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) to examine intraspecific ecomorphological variation between these fish. Gut content analysis revealed that Atlantic fish fed more on hard-shelled invertebrates, such as crabs and sea urchins, than Gulf conspecifics. Difference in the relative magnitude of durophagy between Gulf and Atlantic triggerfish was associated with intraspecific differences in key biomechanical properties of the prey-capture and processing mechanism. The more durophagous Atlantic B. capriscus had more massive jaw bones and muscles than Gulf fish. …

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Experimental Goes Sounder Products For The Assessment Of Downburst Potential, Gary P. Ellrod, James P. Nelson Iii, Michael R. Witiw, Lynda Bottos, William P. Roeder Oct 2000

Experimental Goes Sounder Products For The Assessment Of Downburst Potential, Gary P. Ellrod, James P. Nelson Iii, Michael R. Witiw, Lynda Bottos, William P. Roeder

Aeronautics Faculty Publications

Several experimental products derived from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Sounder retrievals (vertical profiles of temperature and moisture) have been developed to assist weather forecasters in assessing the potential for convective downbursts. The product suite currently includes the wind index (WINDEX), a dry microburst index, and the maximum difference in equivalent potential temperature (θe) from the surface to 300 hPa. The products are displayed as color-coded boxes or numerical values, superimposed on GOES visible, infrared, or water vapor imagery, and are available hourly, day and night, via the Internet. After two full summers of evaluation, the products have been shown …

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Re-Evaluation Of Wave Transmission Coefficients For Submerged Breakwater Physical Models, Harry Charles Friebel May 2000

Re-Evaluation Of Wave Transmission Coefficients For Submerged Breakwater Physical Models, Harry Charles Friebel

Theses and Dissertations

Increasing interest in utilizing submerged breakwaters and artificial reefs for shoreline stabilization requires accurate models and relationships for predicting wave attenuation. The objective of this paper is to develop an empirical model as an improvement to existing wave transmission models. This will provide the required design criteria for use in future submerged breakwater designs. An extensive study of existing literature on submerged breakwaters and associated wave attenuation was performed, followed by a detailed statistical analysis of existing data sets to determine an alternate model for the wave transmission coefficient. A total of five data sets from physical model studies were …

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High-Order Derivative Spectroscopy For Selecting Spectral Regions And Channels For Remote Sensing Algorithm Development, Charles R. Bostater Dec 1999

High-Order Derivative Spectroscopy For Selecting Spectral Regions And Channels For Remote Sensing Algorithm Development, Charles R. Bostater

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

A remote sensing reflectance model, which describes the transfer of irradiant light within a plant canopy or water column has previously been used to simulate the nadir viewing reflectance of vegetation canopies and leaves under solar induced or an artificial light ur'2 and the water surface reflectance3' Wavelength dependent features such as canopy reflectance leafabsorption and canopy bottom reflectance as well as water absorption and water bottom reflectance have been used to simulate or generate synthetic canopy and water surface reflectance signatures3' ' This paper describes how derivative spectroscopy can be utilized to invert the synthetic or modeled as well …

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Wavelength-Specific Fluorescence Coefficients For Simulating Hyperspectral Reflectance Signatures Of Water, Charles R. Bostater, Jan Rebman Dec 1999

Wavelength-Specific Fluorescence Coefficients For Simulating Hyperspectral Reflectance Signatures Of Water, Charles R. Bostater, Jan Rebman

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

A model1'2 which describes the transfer of irradiant light in water is used to predict the fluorescence response ofthe water surface reflectance under solar induced or an artificial light source such as a laser. Formulations for the estimation of wavelength dependent fluorescent coefficients. The techniques allows the description ofa fluorescence reflectance response in deep and shallow waters with various bottom reflectance signatures such as submerged vegetation, corals and sand. Recent advances in the model are presented for obtaining wavelength dependent fluorescence spectrum responses from the solutions of the two flow equations following the procedures developed by Bostater1'2'3. Synthetic or modeled …

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Analysis Of The Gal-Chen–Zhang Single-Doppler Velocity Retrieval, Steven Lazarus, Alan Shapiro, Kelvin Droegemeier Jan 1999

Analysis Of The Gal-Chen–Zhang Single-Doppler Velocity Retrieval, Steven Lazarus, Alan Shapiro, Kelvin Droegemeier

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

The authors present herein an analysis of a single-Doppler velocity retrieval (SDVR) technique whereby the unobserved wind components are determined from single-Doppler radar data. The analysis is designed to provide information about the behavior and/or sensitivity of the SDVR scheme as a function of various internal and external parameters as well as about observational errors and weights. Results presented for retrieval of both the mean and local flow indicate that the SDVR breaks down if the reflectivity gradient vanishes or if a reflectivity isoline is locally perpendicular to the radar beam. In the absence of reflectivity or radial velocity errors, …

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