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Articles 61 - 90 of 172
Full-Text Articles in Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Human Disturbances Dominated The Unprecedentedly High Frequency Of Yellow River Flood Over The Last Millennium, Shi Yong Yu, Wen Jia Li, Liang Zhou, Xuefeng Yu, Qiang Zhang, Zhixiong Shen
Human Disturbances Dominated The Unprecedentedly High Frequency Of Yellow River Flood Over The Last Millennium, Shi Yong Yu, Wen Jia Li, Liang Zhou, Xuefeng Yu, Qiang Zhang, Zhixiong Shen
Marine Science
A warming climate may increase flood hazard through boosting the global hydrological cycle. However, human impact through modifications to the river and its catchment is not well quantified. Here, we show a 12,000-year-long record of Yellow River flood events by synthesizing sedimentary and documentary data of levee overtops and breaches. Our result reveals that flood events in the Yellow River basin became almost an order of magnitude more frequent during the last millennium than the middle Holocene and 81 ± 6% of the increased flood frequency can be ascribed to anthropogenic disturbances. Our findings not only shed light on the …
Increasing Impact Of North Atlantic Ocean Circulation On Sedimentary Processes Along The Passive Galicia Margin (Nw Spain) Over The Past 40 Million Years, Julia Haberkern, Till J.J. Hanebuth, Volkhard Spiess, Tilmann Schwenk
Increasing Impact Of North Atlantic Ocean Circulation On Sedimentary Processes Along The Passive Galicia Margin (Nw Spain) Over The Past 40 Million Years, Julia Haberkern, Till J.J. Hanebuth, Volkhard Spiess, Tilmann Schwenk
Marine Science
Off the Northwestern Iberian Peninsula, the vigorous bottom-current regime interacts with a complex seafloor topography inside the Galicia Interior Basin (GIB), which was tectonically shaped during the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean basin in Cretaceous times. The evolving North Atlantic Ocean circulation determined the depositional pattern of the basin fill over time, which can, in turn, be utilized as palaeoceanographic archive. This study reconstructs the evolution of the GIB sedimentary system since the mid-Eocene, namely, resulting from interplay between down- and along-slope sediment-transport processes, using high-resolution multichannel seismic data. Six major depositional stages are identified and connected to the …
Arctic Sea Ice Loss In The Pacific Sector And Its Impacts On Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events, Jiarong Zhang
Arctic Sea Ice Loss In The Pacific Sector And Its Impacts On Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events, Jiarong Zhang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Arctic sea ice is a critical indicator of climate change. The extent of sea ice coverage over the Arctic Ocean has dramatically declined over the past few decades. The impact has been extensively studied through observations suggesting a linkage between the anomalously warm Arctic surface associated with the Arctic sea ice loss and the mid-latitude surface cooling in the subsequent boreal winter. This linkage could involve the wintertime stratospheric circulation by enhancing the upward planetary wave activity and weakening the polar vortex. With recent advances in climate model, more relevant studies relied on numerical simulations and some suggested that …
Microplastic Accumulation In The Digestive Tract Of Young-Of-Year Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks (Rhizoprionodon Terraenovae) In The Grand Strand, Sc, Andrew Curtis Sitlinger
Microplastic Accumulation In The Digestive Tract Of Young-Of-Year Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks (Rhizoprionodon Terraenovae) In The Grand Strand, Sc, Andrew Curtis Sitlinger
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study focused on the presence and accumulation of microplastic fibers in the digestive tract and livers of young-of-year Atlantic Sharpnose Sharks (Rhizopriondon terraenovae) from two sampling locations along the Grand Strand of South Carolina. R. terraenovae is a small, mesopredatory elasmobranch found abundantly along northwestern Atlantic Ocean coastlines. Thirty specimens of R. terraenovae were collected from May through August of 2020. Microplastics were found in all specimens. A total of 672 plastic particles were identified over the course of the study, with an average of 22.4 ± 10.5 (SD) plastics per specimen. The majority of the plastics were classified …
Silting Dynamics And Metal Contaminants In The Georgetown Inner Harbor, Ezekiel Wil Meyers
Silting Dynamics And Metal Contaminants In The Georgetown Inner Harbor, Ezekiel Wil Meyers
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Georgetown inner harbor is an abandoned oxbow-like river loop and a vital historic site with a wealth of traditional businesses and heavy local industry located within Winyah Bay. Since the modification of the Sampit River in 1949, chronic rapid silting has plagued the inner harbor. With these substantial amounts of fine-grained material accumulating inside the inner harbor, business operations along the waterfront, navigational and maritime operations, and contamination within the harbor are of major concern. The goals of this study were to (a) understand the silting dynamics inside the inner harbor, (b) identify heavy metals which might be of …
Improving Near Surface Refractivity Estimates In Marine Environments, Sarah Evelyn Wessinger
Improving Near Surface Refractivity Estimates In Marine Environments, Sarah Evelyn Wessinger
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study utilizes in-situ measurements and numerical weather prediction datasets collected during the Coupled Air-Sea Processes Electromagnetic Ducting Research East field campaign to assess how thermodynamic properties in the marine atmospheric surface layer influence evaporation duct shape and to develop a simple near-surface modified refractivity estimation method. This study utilizes a logarithmic linear parametric model, which describes evaporation ducts via three main parameters: evaporation duct height, evaporation duct curvature, and mixed layer slope. Notably, most studies utilizing this type of model assume the curvature, C0, to be a theoretical value derived assuming neutral atmospheric stability; a thermodynamic regime that is …
Authigenic Clay Mineral Evidence For Restricted, Evaporitic Conditions During The Emergence Of The Ediacaran Doushantuo Biota, Shujun Han, Stefan C. Lӧhr, April N. Abbott, Andre Baldermann, Martin Voigt, Bingsong Yu
Authigenic Clay Mineral Evidence For Restricted, Evaporitic Conditions During The Emergence Of The Ediacaran Doushantuo Biota, Shujun Han, Stefan C. Lӧhr, April N. Abbott, Andre Baldermann, Martin Voigt, Bingsong Yu
Marine Science
The Ediacaran Period witnessed major environmental change and an expansion of eukaryotic life following the Marinoan glaciation. The Doushantuo Formation of south China has furnished much of our understanding of Earth System and biosphere evolution during this period, but its depositional setting–marine or non-marine–is still debated. Here we conduct mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical analyses of samples from the lower Doushantuo Formation in order to determine the origin of saponite clay minerals which are abundant in this interval. We find that the morphology and distribution of the saponite clays suggest they are of pre-compaction, authigenic origin. We infer that the lower …
Social Equity Is Key To Sustainable Ocean Governance, Katherine M. Crosman, Edward H. Allison, Yoshitaka Ota, Andrés M. Cisneros-Montemayor, Gerald G. Singh, Wilf Swartz, Megan Bailey, Kate M. Barclay, Grant Blume, Mathieu Colléter, Michael Fabinyi, Elaine M. Faustman, Russell Fielding, P. Joshua Griffin, Quentin Hanich, Harriet Harden-Davies, Ryan P. Kelly, Tiff Annie Kenny, Terrie Klinger
Social Equity Is Key To Sustainable Ocean Governance, Katherine M. Crosman, Edward H. Allison, Yoshitaka Ota, Andrés M. Cisneros-Montemayor, Gerald G. Singh, Wilf Swartz, Megan Bailey, Kate M. Barclay, Grant Blume, Mathieu Colléter, Michael Fabinyi, Elaine M. Faustman, Russell Fielding, P. Joshua Griffin, Quentin Hanich, Harriet Harden-Davies, Ryan P. Kelly, Tiff Annie Kenny, Terrie Klinger
Honors College Faculty Publications
Calls to address social equity in ocean governance are expanding. Yet ‘equity’ is seldom clearly defined. Here we present a framework to support contextually-informed assessment of equity in ocean governance. Guiding questions include: (1) Where and (2) Why is equity being examined? (3) Equity for or amongst Whom? (4) What is being distributed? (5) When is equity considered? And (6) How do governance structures impact equity? The framework supports consistent operationalization of equity, challenges oversimplification, and allows evaluation of progress. It is a step toward securing the equitable ocean governance already reflected in national and international commitments.
Primed And Cued: Long-Term Acoustic Telemetry Links Interannual And Seasonal Variations In Freshwater Flows To The Spawning Migrations Of Common Snook In The Florida Everglades, Jordan A. Massie, Rolando O. Santos, Ryan J. Rezek, W. Ryan James, Natasha M. Viadero, Ross E. Boucek, David A. Blewett, Alexis A. Trotter, Philip W. Stevens, Jennifer S. Rehage
Primed And Cued: Long-Term Acoustic Telemetry Links Interannual And Seasonal Variations In Freshwater Flows To The Spawning Migrations Of Common Snook In The Florida Everglades, Jordan A. Massie, Rolando O. Santos, Ryan J. Rezek, W. Ryan James, Natasha M. Viadero, Ross E. Boucek, David A. Blewett, Alexis A. Trotter, Philip W. Stevens, Jennifer S. Rehage
Marine Science
Background: Spawning migrations are a widespread phenomenon among fishes, often occurring in response to environmental conditions prompting movement into reproductive habitats (migratory cues). However, for many species, individual fish may choose not to migrate, and research suggests that conditions preceding the spawning season (migratory primers) may influence this decision. Few studies have provided empirical descriptions of these prior conditions, partly due to a lack of long-term data allowing for robust multi-year comparisons. To investigate how primers and cues interact to shape the spawning migrations of coastal fishes, we use acoustic telemetry data from Common Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) in Everglades National …
Impact Of The Pacific Sector Sea Ice Loss On The Sudden Stratospheric Warming Characteristics, Jiarong Zhang, Yvan J. Orsolini, Varavut Limpasuvan, Jinro Ukita
Impact Of The Pacific Sector Sea Ice Loss On The Sudden Stratospheric Warming Characteristics, Jiarong Zhang, Yvan J. Orsolini, Varavut Limpasuvan, Jinro Ukita
Marine Science
The atmospheric response to Arctic sea ice loss remains a subject of much debate. Most studies have focused on the sea ice retreat in the Barents-Kara Seas and its troposphere-stratosphere influence. Here, we investigate the impact of large sea ice loss over the Chukchi-Bering Seas on the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) phenomenon during the easterly phase of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation through idealized large-ensemble experiments based on a global atmospheric model with a well-resolved stratosphere. Although culminating in autumn, the prescribed sea ice loss induces near-surface warming that persists into winter and deepens as the SSW develops. The resulting temperature contrasts …
Earth System Science Applications Of Next-Generation Sem-Eds Automated Mineral Mapping, Shujun Han, Stefan C. Lӧhr, April N. Abbott, Andre Baldermann, Juraj Farkaš, William Mcmahon, Kitty L. Milliken, Mehrnoush Rafiei, Cassandra Wheeler, Michael Owen
Earth System Science Applications Of Next-Generation Sem-Eds Automated Mineral Mapping, Shujun Han, Stefan C. Lӧhr, April N. Abbott, Andre Baldermann, Juraj Farkaš, William Mcmahon, Kitty L. Milliken, Mehrnoush Rafiei, Cassandra Wheeler, Michael Owen
Marine Science
Sedimentary rocks contain a unique record of the evolution of the Earth system. Deciphering this record requires a robust understanding of the identity, origin, composition, and post-depositional history of individual constituents. Petrographic analysis informed by Scanning Electron Microscope - Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) mineral mapping can reveal the mineral identity, morphology and petrological context of each imaged grain, making it a valuable tool in the Earth Scientist’s analytical arsenal. Recent technological developments, including quantitative deconvolution of mixed-phase spectra (producing “mixels”), now allow rapid quantitative SEM-EDS-based analysis of a broad range of sedimentary rocks, including the previously troublesome fine-grained lithologies that …
The Significance Of Cephalopod Beaks As A Research Tool: An Update, José C. Xavier, Alexey V. Golikov, José P. Queirós, Catalina Perales-Raya, Rigoberto Rosas-Luis, José Abreu, Giambattista Bello, Paco Bustamante, Juan C. Capaz, Valerie H. Dimkovikj, Angel F. González, Hugo Guímaro, Airam Guerra-Marrero, José N. Gomes-Pereira, Jorge Hernández-Urcera, Tsunemi Kubodera, Vladimir Laptikhovsky, Evgenia Lefkaditou, Fedor Lishchenko
The Significance Of Cephalopod Beaks As A Research Tool: An Update, José C. Xavier, Alexey V. Golikov, José P. Queirós, Catalina Perales-Raya, Rigoberto Rosas-Luis, José Abreu, Giambattista Bello, Paco Bustamante, Juan C. Capaz, Valerie H. Dimkovikj, Angel F. González, Hugo Guímaro, Airam Guerra-Marrero, José N. Gomes-Pereira, Jorge Hernández-Urcera, Tsunemi Kubodera, Vladimir Laptikhovsky, Evgenia Lefkaditou, Fedor Lishchenko
Marine Science
The use of cephalopod beaks in ecological and population dynamics studies has allowed major advances of our knowledge on the role of cephalopods in marine ecosystems in the last 60 years. Since the 1960’s, with the pioneering research by Malcolm Clarke and colleagues, cephalopod beaks (also named jaws or mandibles) have been described to species level and their measurements have been shown to be related to cephalopod body size and mass, which permitted important information to be obtained on numerous biological and ecological aspects of cephalopods in marine ecosystems. In the last decade, a range of new techniques has been …
Quantifying Aggravated Threats To Stormwater Management Ponds By Tropical Cyclone Storm Surge And Inundation Under Climate Change Scenarios, Hongyuan Zhang, Dongliang Shen, Shaowu Bao, Leonard Pietrafesa, Paul T. Gayes, Hamed Majidzadeh
Quantifying Aggravated Threats To Stormwater Management Ponds By Tropical Cyclone Storm Surge And Inundation Under Climate Change Scenarios, Hongyuan Zhang, Dongliang Shen, Shaowu Bao, Leonard Pietrafesa, Paul T. Gayes, Hamed Majidzadeh
Marine Science
Stormwater management ponds (SMPs) protect coastal communities from flooding caused by heavy rainfall and runoff. If the SMPs are submerged under seawater during a tropical cyclone (TC) and its storm surge, their function will be compromised. Under climate change scenarios, this threat is exacerbated by sea level rise (SLR) and more extreme tropical cyclones. This study quantifies the impact of tropical cyclones and their storm surge and inundation on South Carolina SMPs under various SLR scenarios. A coupled hydrodynamic model calculates storm surge heights and their return periods using historical tropical cyclones. The surge decay coefficient method is used to …
Improving Numerical Model Predicted Float Trajectories By Deep Learning, Dongliang Shen, Shaowu Bao, Lenard J. Pietrafesa, Paul Gayes
Improving Numerical Model Predicted Float Trajectories By Deep Learning, Dongliang Shen, Shaowu Bao, Lenard J. Pietrafesa, Paul Gayes
Marine Science
The Lagrangian tracking approach is often used in numerical modeling (NM) to simulate and predict the movement of marine particles such as plastic, oil spills, and floating wreckage. The uncertainties in NM reduce prediction accuracy as a result of the coarse temporal and spatial resolution, along with waves, winds, and currents. From 29 August to 22 December 2020, the United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Ocean of Things program deployed 422 floating drifters in the Gulf of Mexico, providing an opportunity of using the observed trajectories as ground truth to train Artificial Intelligence (AI) models to correct NM float …
Evaluating The Shark Deterrent Effects Of The Novel Exclusion Barrier In Comparison To The Rigorously Tested Sharksafe Barrier Technology, Craig P. O’Connell, Julia Crews, Andre King, Juliet Gressle
Evaluating The Shark Deterrent Effects Of The Novel Exclusion Barrier In Comparison To The Rigorously Tested Sharksafe Barrier Technology, Craig P. O’Connell, Julia Crews, Andre King, Juliet Gressle
Marine Science
Although exceedingly rare, shark attacks have a disproportionately large impact on human behavior, often resulting in shark culls. Due to the invasive nature of shark culls, innovating and testing non-invasive deterrent technologies that may minimize the potential for a rare negative shark encounter has become a conservation priority. One such mitigation approach is barriers, such as exclusion nets and the Sharksafe barrier. With both technologies exhibiting limitations and/or ineffectiveness (e.g., Sharksafe barrier), the development of a more effective technology was warranted. Therefore, this study had two key objectives: (1) to determine if DC 12 Volts 180 Newtons electromagnets can produce …
Investigating Temporal Groundwater Interactions Between A Barrier Island And High Marsh Environment, Dean Wrobel
Investigating Temporal Groundwater Interactions Between A Barrier Island And High Marsh Environment, Dean Wrobel
Undergraduate Research Competition
Saltmarsh hydrogeology can be characterized as exceptionally dynamic, with a diversity of pore water salinities, sediment porosities, and varied hydrologic inputs and outputs such as groundwater, precipitation, and tidal cycles. Of the studies done in these systems, much attention has been focused on the low marsh with regard to tidal pumping and the consequent horizontal pressure gradients which affect the subsurface hydraulic head. Perhaps, an equally dynamic boundary is expected at the groundwater interface of the barrier island and high marsh. Here, electrical resistivity tomograms were generated in a back-barrier, high-marsh site landward of Waties Island, South Carolina. Co-located transects …
Microplastic Concentration Analysis Of The Atlantic Sand Fiddler Crab (Leptuca Pugilator) In Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, Caroline Conner
Microplastic Concentration Analysis Of The Atlantic Sand Fiddler Crab (Leptuca Pugilator) In Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, Caroline Conner
Undergraduate Research Competition
Microplastics pose a great threat to the natural environment, a threat not aided by their increasing abundance in marine waters. To assess how this is affecting our local area, I examined the microplastic concentration in fiddler crabs, a keystone species in intertidal zones, from two marsh systems in Murrells Inlet. The quantity, color, and type of microplastic found were recorded from each of the 120 crabs sampled. This information is revelant not only in monitoring the health of a species that plays a major role in nutrient recycling and prevention of anoxic conditions, but also as a caution to us. …
What Lives On Offshore Artificial Reefs In South Carolina? An Analysis Of Epifaunal Reef Communities And How They Vary With Reef Age, Sydney Madden
What Lives On Offshore Artificial Reefs In South Carolina? An Analysis Of Epifaunal Reef Communities And How They Vary With Reef Age, Sydney Madden
Undergraduate Research Competition
Artificial reef structures have been deployed across the coast of South Carolina in an effort to increase fish habitat and provide other ecosystem services. There are approximately 45 artificial reef systems established by the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) over several decades. The hard structure—frequently composed of concrete, old boats, or other structures—forms unique high relief hard-bottom habitat in the otherwise largely low relief coastal shelf. Currently, there is little published on the species composition of the epifaunal communities in this region, how much biomass they support, and how they develop over time. We studied two established artificial …
Stable Isotopes Reveal Minimal Spatial And Temporal Variation In Diet Of The Wrymouth (Cryptacanthodes Maculatus), Emilie A. Geissinger, Brian F. Beal, William G. Ambrose
Stable Isotopes Reveal Minimal Spatial And Temporal Variation In Diet Of The Wrymouth (Cryptacanthodes Maculatus), Emilie A. Geissinger, Brian F. Beal, William G. Ambrose
Marine Science
Predation by infaunal and epibenthic predators is often an important determinant of marine soft-bottom community structure. The role of the predatory, benthic-dwelling fish, the wrymouth (Cryptacanthodes maculatus), in the soft-bottom food web has received little attention. The purpose of our study was to examine spatial and temporal variability in diet and trophic position of wrymouth at two lower intertidal sites in eastern Maine, USA. Wrymouth, their potential prey, and primary producers were collected in the spring and summer of 2013 in Machiasport and Beals, Maine. Stable isotope analysis was used to determine trophic position of the fish and its potential …
Offshore Spreading Of A Supercritical Plume Under Upwelling Wind Forcing: A Case Study Of The Winyah Bay Outflow, Alexander E. Yankovsky, Diane B. Fribance, Douglas Cahl, George Voulgaris
Offshore Spreading Of A Supercritical Plume Under Upwelling Wind Forcing: A Case Study Of The Winyah Bay Outflow, Alexander E. Yankovsky, Diane B. Fribance, Douglas Cahl, George Voulgaris
Marine Science
In this study, we present observations of the Winyah Bay (WB) plume (SC, United States) formed by high freshwater discharge and a moderate upwelling-favorable wind acting continuously for ∼1.5 days prior to the shipboard survey. If a similar wind forcing persists over a longer period, the plume turns upstream (against its natural propagation) and curves offshore forming a “filament” with minimal transverse spreading, as seen in numerous satellite images. The observed plume comprises a train of tidal sub-plumes undergoing rotational adjustment and being transported offshore by Ekman dynamics. The WB outflow is supercritical in terms of the interior Froude number. …
The Use Of Composite Goes-R Satellite Imagery To Evaluate A Tc Intensity And Vortex Structure Forecast By An Fv3gfs-Based Hurricane Forecast Model, Shaowu Bao, Zhan Zhang, Evan Kalina, Bin Liu
The Use Of Composite Goes-R Satellite Imagery To Evaluate A Tc Intensity And Vortex Structure Forecast By An Fv3gfs-Based Hurricane Forecast Model, Shaowu Bao, Zhan Zhang, Evan Kalina, Bin Liu
Marine Science
The HAFS model is an effort under the NGGPS and UFS initiatives to create the next generation of hurricane prediction and analysis system based on FV3-GFS. It has been validated extensively using traditional verification indicators such as tracker error and biases, intensity error and biases, and the radii of gale, damaging and hurricane strength winds. While satellite images have been used to verify hurricane model forecasts, they have not been used on HAFS. The community radiative transfer model CRTM is used to generate model synthetic satellite images from HAFS model forecast state variables. The 24 forecast snapshots in the mature …
Iron Geochemistry Across An Estuary-To-Coastal Gradient, Lissett G. Diaz
Iron Geochemistry Across An Estuary-To-Coastal Gradient, Lissett G. Diaz
Honors Theses
Iron is a ubiquitous earth element that participates in biogeochemical processes that occur in marine sediments. Microorganisms utilize iron for many purposes, including cell growth, conserving energy, and for maintaining metabolic activity. In coastal sedimentary settings, understanding the redox reactions involving ferric iron, Fe3+, and ferrous iron, Fe2+, in its solid phase and pore-water phases, respectively, enable an appreciation of biogeochemical transformations occurring in the coastal zone. In this study, iron concentrations in sediment of ranging permeability were determined at four stations marking an estuary-coast transition zone in Singleton Swash in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. The …
The Influence Of Bottom Type And Water Column Stratification On Reef Fish Community Structure At Gray’S Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Bridget Campbell
The Influence Of Bottom Type And Water Column Stratification On Reef Fish Community Structure At Gray’S Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Bridget Campbell
Honors Theses
Understanding the physical and oceanographic differences across reef habitats can help researchers assess how those differences influence fish distribution and community structure, which leads to a better understanding of what a healthy reef system looks like. The traditional methods used to assess fish communities on temperate reefs are limited and often focus solely on either the reef structure or water column conditions alone. An assessment of both data sets yields a more complete understanding of the ecosystem as a whole. In this study, Gray’s Reef National Marine Sanctuary (GRNMS) was surveyed both inside and outside a Marine Protected Area (MPA) …
Environmental Factors Shaping Bacterial, Archaeal And Fungal Community Structure In Hydrothermal Sediments Of Guaymas Basin, Gulf Of California, Gustavo A. Ramírez, Paraskevi Mara, Taylor Sehein, Gunter Wegener, Christopher R. Chambers, Samantha B. Joye, Richard N. Peterson, Aurélie Philippe, Gaëtan Burgaud, Virginia P. Edgcomb, Andreas P. Teske
Environmental Factors Shaping Bacterial, Archaeal And Fungal Community Structure In Hydrothermal Sediments Of Guaymas Basin, Gulf Of California, Gustavo A. Ramírez, Paraskevi Mara, Taylor Sehein, Gunter Wegener, Christopher R. Chambers, Samantha B. Joye, Richard N. Peterson, Aurélie Philippe, Gaëtan Burgaud, Virginia P. Edgcomb, Andreas P. Teske
Marine Science
The flanking regions of Guaymas Basin, a young marginal rift basin located in the Gulf of California, are covered with thick sediment layers that are hydrothermally altered due to magmatic intrusions. To explore environmental controls on microbial community structure in this complex environment, we analyzed site- and depth-related patterns of microbial community composition (bacteria, archaea, and fungi) in hydrothermally influenced sediments with different thermal conditions, geochemical regimes, and extent of microbial mats. We compared communities in hot hydrothermal sediments (75-100 °C at ~40 cm depth) covered by orange-pigmented Beggiatoaceae mats in the Cathedral Hill area, temperate sediments (25-30°C at ~40 …
Seasonal Habitat Use Of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys Terrapin) In North Inlet, Winyah Bay, Georgetown, South Carolina, Danielle Elizabeth Capella
Seasonal Habitat Use Of Diamondback Terrapins (Malaclemys Terrapin) In North Inlet, Winyah Bay, Georgetown, South Carolina, Danielle Elizabeth Capella
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Frequency And Characteristics Of Inland Advecting Sea Breezes In The Southeast United States, Brian Viner, Stephen Noble, Jian Hua Qian, David Werth, Paul Gayes, Len Pietrafesa, Shaowu Bao
Frequency And Characteristics Of Inland Advecting Sea Breezes In The Southeast United States, Brian Viner, Stephen Noble, Jian Hua Qian, David Werth, Paul Gayes, Len Pietrafesa, Shaowu Bao
Marine Science
Sea breezes have been observed to move inland over 100 km. These airmasses can be markedly different from regional airmasses, creating a shallow layer with differences in humidity, wind, temperature and aerosol characteristics. To understand their influence on boundary layer and cloud development on subsequent days, we identify their frequency and characteristics. We visually identified sea breeze fronts on radar passing over the Savannah River Site (SRS) between March and October during 2015-2019. The SRS is ~150 km from the nearest coastal location; therefore, our detection suggests further inland penetration. We also identified periods when sea breeze fronts may have …
Microbial Communities Of Hydrothermal Guaymas Basin Surficial Sediment Profiled At 2 Millimeter-Scale Resolution, Bert Engelen, Tien Nguyen, Benedikt Heyerhoff, Saskia Kalenborn, Katharina Sydow, Houssem Tabai, Richard N. Peterson, Gunter Wegener, Andreas Teske
Microbial Communities Of Hydrothermal Guaymas Basin Surficial Sediment Profiled At 2 Millimeter-Scale Resolution, Bert Engelen, Tien Nguyen, Benedikt Heyerhoff, Saskia Kalenborn, Katharina Sydow, Houssem Tabai, Richard N. Peterson, Gunter Wegener, Andreas Teske
Marine Science
The surficial hydrothermal sediments of Guaymas Basin harbor complex microbial communities where oxidative and reductive nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon-cycling populations and processes overlap and coexist. Here, we resolve microbial community profiles in hydrothermal sediment cores of Guaymas Basin on a scale of 2 millimeters, using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) to visualize the rapid downcore changes among dominant bacteria and archaea. DGGE analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons identified free-living and syntrophic deltaproteobacterial sulfate-reducing bacteria, fermentative Cytophagales, members of the Chloroflexi (Thermoflexia), Aminicenantes, and uncultured sediment clades. The DGGE pattern indicates a gradually changing downcore community structure where small …
Wake Characteristics Of A Freely Rotating Bioinspired Swept Rotor Blade, Asif Shahriar Nafi, Krishnamoorthy Krishnan, Anup K. Debnath, Erin E. Hackett, Roi Gurka
Wake Characteristics Of A Freely Rotating Bioinspired Swept Rotor Blade, Asif Shahriar Nafi, Krishnamoorthy Krishnan, Anup K. Debnath, Erin E. Hackett, Roi Gurka
Marine Science
Rotor blades can be found in many engineering applications, mainly associated with converting energy from fluids to work (or electricity). Rotor blade geometry is a key factor in the mechanical efficiency of the energy conversion process. For example, wind turbines' performance directly depends on the blade geometry and the wake flow formed behind them. We suggest to use a bioinspired blade based on the common swift wing. Common swift (Apus apus) is known to be a long-distance flyer, able to stay aloft for long periods of time by maintaining high lift and low drag. We study the near-wake flow characteristics …
Eastward-Propagating Planetary Waves In The Middle Atmosphere During Major Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events, Christian Todd Rhodes
Eastward-Propagating Planetary Waves In The Middle Atmosphere During Major Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events, Christian Todd Rhodes
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Organic Matter Spatial And Temporal Patterns In Coastal Sands Of Long Bay, South Carolina, Kayla B. Christofferson
Organic Matter Spatial And Temporal Patterns In Coastal Sands Of Long Bay, South Carolina, Kayla B. Christofferson
Honors Theses
Sandy coastlines serve crucial functions to coastal economies and coastal ecology alike. In the past, organic-poor sands were considered of lower importance than organic-rich muds. Recent studies showed that sands’ low organic matter concentrations are due to high biogeochemical cycling rates, driven by rapid physical exchange, but remain infrequently studied. I present time-series of sand mass-loss-on-ignition (LOI, an organic matter proxy) profiles from February 2017 onwards at multiple sites along Long Bay, South Carolina. LOI profiles exhibit subsurface maximum values, unlike the typical decrease with depth in muddy sediments. I hypothesize that organic matter distribution with depth is affected by …