Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Water Management Simulator Presentations, Leslie E. Mack

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

One of the larger stumbling blocks to comprehensive water management is the lack of public understanding of the multitude of variables that operate at the same time within the hydrologic cycle. With more public understanding, there is greater public support for various water projects. Dr. John R. Amend from Montana State University developed a water management simulator which could handle a large number of variables simultaneously of natural surface and groundwater flow plus a number of water use variables on an accelerated time sequence. By using several remote control devices, participants can "control" their water use but have no control …

Evaluation Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus Enrichment Using In Situ Enclosure Bags With Temporal Indigenous Phytoplankton Populations, Richard L. Meyer, W. Reed Green

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

An in situ experimental procedure and protocol was developed to evaluate nitrate and phosphate enrichment using isolated indigenous phytoplankton assemblages during different seasons. Results of the comparison of the parameters-temperature, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen between the open water and enclosed systems indicated that there was no significant influence of the physicochemical factors on the isolated biological processes. Growth responses were measured by turbidity, biomass and chlorophyll-a, the most sensitive being chlorophyll-a. Additions of nitrate and phosphate were added in known concentrations and in different magnitudes of concentration based upon ambient conditions and ratio. During the fall, phosphorus influenced …

Groundwater Quality And Mineral Deposits Relationships In The Ozark Mountains, Kenneth F. Steele

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Ninety-nine groundwater sites were sampled in northern Arkansas in order to determine the effect of local manganese, phosphate, pyrite, lead-zinc and uranium mineralization on the groundwater chemistry. Most of this study (75 springs) was concentrated in the Batesville manganese district. Hydrogeochemical exploration for these types of manganese deposits appears possible with 44 percent of the springs within 2000 feet of mineralization having anomalous metal concentrations (especially manganese). Because only a few springs were sampled in the remaining areas, the results are not conclusive; however, only the pyrite and small lead-zinc deposit would appear worthy of additional investigation. None of the …

Studies Of Effectiveness Of Commercial Home Treatment Systems, William W. Trigg, Raymond D. Couser

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Eleven home water systems were tested representing six different types of filtering systems. Tests were made for Sulfates, Nitrates, Phosphate, Iron and Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes before and after passing through a home treatment system. All of the systems removed iron adequately but had little effect on the removal of nitrates, phosphates, sulfates or control of pH. Since none of the ground waters was contaminated by coli- forms, nothing was established regarding the effectiveness of bacterial removal by these systems.

Factors Affecting The Removal Of Suspended And Dissolved Solids In High Strength Wastewater From Vegetable Processing, William A. Sistrunk

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Fifty or more individual factorial experiments were designed to study the effectiveness of physical-chemical and micro-biological treatments in removal of suspended and dissolved solids in effluent from potatoes, hominy, dry beans and other vegetables. The wastewaters were obtained from local processing plants and treated with 3 to 5 inorganic salts, 13 polymers, and 3 or more pH levels during 12 months. Also, selected strains of yeast and fungi were used to assimilate the effluent. Individual inorganic salts were more effective on a certain vegetable effluent than others. Polymers (anionic and cationic) were more effective in coagulating suspended solids in combination …

Evalution Of Drainage Tile To Alleviate Salt Building In Heavy Soils Irrigated With Brackish Water And Cropped With Rice And Soybeans, T. C. Keisling, J. T. Gilmour, H. D. Scott, A. M. Sadeghi, R. E. Baser

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The use of tile drains for alleviating soluble salt accumulation on silt loam soil was investigated during 1984. Although the chemical analyses of the floodwater and tile drainage water were very similar suggesting that the floodwater was moving to the tile drain, the overall results so far indicate that this is not a feasible solution owing to lack of significant drainage. Application of DRAINMOD utilizing soil and weather data from Arkansas showed no significant effluent from the tile drains for our experimental site during rice production. This was attributed to the extremely slow saturated hydraulic conductivity values for this particular …

Precedings Of Arkansas Lakes Symposium Limnological Studies Of Lake Chicot, Arkansas, Joe F. Nix, Frank R. Schiebe

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Lake Chicot is an oxbow lake that was created more than 600 years ago by the meandering of the Mississippi River. It is located in Chicot county in southeastern Arkansas adjacent to the present Mississippi River. As the largest natural lake in Arkansas it earned an early reputation for its good fishing and recreational value. Development of a levee system forced the enlargement of the lakes watershed to its present 350 square miles. Initially this alteration affected only the volume flow through the lake, drastically reducing the water residence time. Because the watershed was located in one of the most …

Identification Of Critical Water Levels In Flooded Rice Fields, Carl L. Griffis

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

A mathematical model was developed to simulate the transient hydrology of a flooded rice field. With the model, users can determine the critical interlevee areas in which to monitor the water levels so that the irrigation well can be turned on at the critical low water level, and turned off at the critical high water level, in order to maximize water application efficiency. Sensitivity analysis performed with the model showed that it will be necessary to calibrate the model for each specific field. A calibration procedure has been developed.

Laser-Photoacoustic Detection Of Water Pollutants, Gregory J. Salamo, Richard J. Anderson

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

We have investigated the potential of amplitude-modulation laser-photoacoustic scheme for the detection of trace pollutants in water. The technique has been found to be non-disturbing and easy-to-apply. In particular, the technique could be used to detect pollutants with a concentration corresponding to an absorption coefficient of 10-6cm-1. The sensitivity was found to be limited by a background signal resulting from light absorption by water. In addition to the amplitude-modulation scheme we also investigated the potential of a wavelength modulation scheme. Although this approach did reduce the background signal due to water absorption, we found the technique to be much more …

Las Vegas Wash Advanced Water Quality Study: Final Report, Richard A. Roline, James J. Sartoris, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

The purpose of the Las Vegas Wash Advanced Water Quality Study is to determine the existence, extent, and mechanisms of nutrient and toxin stripping in Las Vegas Wash under present conditions and under future conditions, both with and without construction of the proposed salinity control unit as described by the Bureau of Reclamation (USBR, 1982b). This study was performed for the Lower Colorado Region Division of Planning by personnel of the Environmental Sciences Section of the Division of Research and Laboratory Services, E&R Center, Denver, Colorado. Work on the study began in February 1983. The general approach adopted for this …

Investigations And Research In Nevada By The Water Resources Division, U. S. Geological Survey, 1982-83, Terry Katzer, Otto Moosburner, William D. Nichols

Publications (WR)

The Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, is charged with (1) maintaining a hydrologic network in Nevada that provides information on the status of the State's water resources and (2) engaging in technical water-resources investigations that have a high degree of transferability. To meet these broad objections, 26 projects were active in Nevada during fiscal year 1982 in cooperation with 36 Federal, State, and local agencies. Total funds were $3,319,455, of which State and local cooperative funding amounted to $741,500 and Federal funding (comprised of Geological Survey Federal and cooperative programs plus funds from six other Federal agencies) amounted to …

Disposal Of Household Wastewater In Soils Of High Stone Content (1981-1983), E. M. Rutledge, C. R. Mote, D. T. Mitchell, M. S. Hirsch, M. D. Harper, H. D. Scott, C. L. Griffis

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Four experimental filter fields were constructed with built-in monitoring equipment in Nixa soils. These soils contain many chert fragments and a fragipan about 60 cm below the soil surface. The fragipan restricts downward movement of water and is the designlimitingfeature. The four filter fields were: 1. A "standard" filter field, 76 cm deep. The bottom of the trench was in the fragipan. 2. A "modified standard" filter field, 30 cm deep. The bottom of the trench was above the fragipan. 3. A "modified pressure" filter field, 40 cm deep. The bottom of the trench was above the fragipan. In addition, …

Volume 7, Number 7 (July 1983), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Volume 7, Number 6 (June 1983), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

A Systematic Study To Reduce Trihalomethane Precursors In Little Rock Drinking Water By Combined Alum Coagulation-Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment, Ali U. Shaikh

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Studies have been conducted to evaluate powdered activated carbon (PAC) as an agent for controlling trihalomethanes in drinking water. Laboratory studies indicate that PAC is highly efficient in removing free trihalomethanes in water within a few hours. The removal efficiency of humic acid, a known THM precursor, by PAC is considerably less. However, longer treatment time can remove the precursors quite significantly. Humic substances in surface water samples can also be removed by PAC.

Volume 7, Number 5 (May 1983), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Sewage Pollution In The White River, Arkansas On Benthos And Leaf Detritus Decomposition, Arthur V. Brown, Lawrence D. Willis, Peter P. Brussock

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Recently there has been much emphasis placed on the importance of leaf detritus processing to the energetics of stream invertebrates. This study was designed primarily to assess the effects of municipal effluent on the ability of a stream community to utilize leaf detritus, and secondarily to evaluate the extent of the pollution of the White River by the Fayetteville, Arkansas effluent discharge. Physical and chemical water quality, benthos, and fish were sampled periodically at one station upstream and two stations downstream from the discharge, and in the Richland Creek tributary. Processing of leaf detritus was studied at each site using …

Chemistry Of The Springs Of The Ozark Mountains, Northwestern Arkansas, Kenneth F. Steele

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Three lead-zinc mineralized areas of northern Arkansas were selected to study the effect of mineralization on ground water chemistry. The Ponca area has the largest amount of lead sulfide mineralization, the Zinc area has a significant amount of zinc silicate and zinc sulfide; whereas, the Rush area has zinc carbonate and zinc sulfide. A total of 143 samples were collected from these areas and analyzed for general water chemistry parameters including heavy metal The water quality of the area is generally good; however, a few springs exceed the drinking water standards for ammonia, nitrate, iron, manganese and lead. The surface …

Disposal Of Household Wastewater In Soils Of High Stone Content (1977-1980), E. M. Rutledge, C. R. Mote, M. S. Hirsh, H. D. Scott, D. T. Mitchell

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Two experimental septic tank filter fields were constructed with built-in monitoring equipment in Nixa soils. These soils contain many chert fragments and a fragipan about 60 cm deep which restricts downward water movement and is the design-limiting feature. The standard filter field (76 cm deep) was built into the fragipan and the modified standard filter field (30 cm deep) was placed above it. During 30 months' observation, the modified standard performed better than the standard filter field. Maximum rise of effluent in the standard and modified standard came within 11 and 19 cm of the soil surface, respectively. Performance of …

Causes Of Localized Copper Corrosion In Drinking Water Supplies, R. A. Sims, R. W. Raible

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Excessive amounts of copper have been observed in drinking water at certain installations on Lake DeGray and at isolated locations in the Arkadelphia area of Arkansas. A study of these installations was conducted to determine the source of the copper contamination. The supply water was very low in copper and therefore dissolution of the copper plumbing caused by low water pH and long residence times was determined to be the most probable source.

Volume 7, Number 4 (April 1983), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Input And Distribution Of Sewage Derived Sedimentary Material Adjacent To Chesapeake-Elizabeth Sewage Outfall, Virginia Beach, Virginia, Robert Carroll Brown

OES Theses and Dissertations

The concentrations of coprostanol and hydrocarbons were measured in the effluent from the Chesapeake-Elizabeth sewage treatment plant and surface sediments from the area surrounding the effluent discharge site. Most of the coprostanol (>84%) and hydrocarbons (>91%) were associated with particulates in the effluent. Some of these particles were incorporated into the sedimentary column within the study area, while some may have escaped from the area.

The study area is found to be a dynamic area where changes in the percentage and distribution of fine-grained sediments occur over periods of months. The movement of fine-grained sediments is an important …

Volume 7, Number 3 (March 1983), The Solar Ocean Energy Liaison

The OTEC Liaison

No abstract provided.

Evaluation And Accessing Of Data For A Water Resources Simulator, Richard C. Peralta, Roberto Arce, Timothy Skergan

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

This report evaluates the availability of data needed to use a groundwater simulation model for real time conjunctive water management in the Arkansas Grand Prairie. It is assumed that the goal of such management is to protect existing groundwater rights by maintaining water levels so that wells do not go dry, even in time of drought. Sufficient hydrogeologic data exists to use the simulation model to predict the effect of known pumping rates on groundwater levels. Developing an optimal set of "target" levels and annually managing pumping to achieve those levels requires additional data: fall groundwater levels, degree of connection …

Expansion Potential For Irrigation Within The Mississippi Delta Region, Robert N. Shulstad, Ralph D. May, Jon Mark Erstine, Blake N. Phillips, Billy E. Herrington Jr.

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

17.6 million acres, or 73 percent, of the Mississippi Delta Region is currently cropland and possesses the physical characteristics of slope, texture and soil type which are recommended for irrigation. Economic feasibility of expanding irrigation by flood, furrow and center pivot methods were examined under 24 scenarios representing two sets of crop prices, yield levels, production costs, opportunity costs and six crop rotations. Irrigation was economically feasible for 56 to 100 percent of the cropland across all scenarios. Approximately 88 percent of the cropland can be economically irrigated with flood or furrow in its present form, 8 percent yield highest …

The Costs And Benefits Of Soil Erosion Control In The North Lake Chicot Watershed, Robert N. Shulstad, C. Tim Osborn, Alan D. Mcqueen

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Lake Chicot is divided by a levee into two basins, the high quality northern basin and the extremely polluted southern basin. Water quality in the northern basin of Lake Chicot is diminishing due to soil erosion. Costs for alternative control programs for the seventeen fare, 11,470 acre northern watershed were estimated. Twenty-nine combinations of rotations and best management practices were evaluated. Soil loss can be reduced almost 25 percent from 4.2 tons per acre to 3.2 tons per acre, while increasing net returns to farmers from $83.94 per acre to $107.28 per acre by altering present cropping patterns. A prohibition …

Nutrients And Acid In The Rain And Dry Fallout At Fayetteville, Arkansas (1980-1982), George H. Wagner, Kenneth F. Steele

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Wet and dry fallout at Fayetteville, Arkansas have been collected separately and analyzed since April, 1980. The precipitation-weighted-average pH for two yearly periods of rainfall were 4.72 (6/80-5/81) and 4.75 (6/81-5/82). This corresponds to a concentration of the acid ion, H+, of about 18 parts per billion (ppb). Pure water in equilibrium with the CO2 of the air would have a pH of 5.65 (2.2 ppb of H+). The range of pH during this two year period was 3.86-7.74(140-0 ppb H+) for the rainfall. Aqueous extracts of the dry fallout were always in the 6.75-7.87 pH range, i.e., neutral to …

Monitoring Of Groundwater Levels For Real-Time Conjunctive Water Management, Richard C. Peralta, Vince Mazure, Paul Dutram

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Water users in the Arkansas Grand Prairie wish to maintain sufficient groundwater levels to: insure adequate groundwater reserves for time of drought, protect themselves from litigation caused by wells going dry, and insure a sustained yield. Achievement of these goals requires regular measurement of groundwater levels. Review of monitoring practice and technology indicates that spring and fall measurements taken over the entire area using steel tape and acoustic device is preferred for most long range planning. Continuous monitoring is indicated for critical parts of the region where saturated thicknesses are small. Desirable attributes of a data collection/transmission system for such …

A Survey Of Soils Irrigated With Arkansas River Water, John T. Gilmour, H. D. Scott, R. E. Baser

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Interest in the use of Arkansas River water for irrigation has increased recently as land adjacent to the river is converted to crop production and river water is considered as an alternative to depleted underground supplies. Since the Arkansas River can contain elevated concentrations of sodium chloride, this study was designed to determine if soil conditions adverse to crop growth were developing where river water has been used. The impact of river water on sites where river water was used as either the sole source for up to 3 years or as a supplement to another surface source for up …

The Effects Of Forest Harvest On Water Quality And Aquatic Life (Phase I), Edmond J. Bacon

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

A long term study on the effects of clearcut forest harvest and regeneration was conducted in a representative watershed of the Ouachita National Forest. Fourteen water quality parameters were analyzed to characterize baseline water quality. Water quality was classified as excellent. A total of 350 quantitative benthic samples and 15 ultraviolet light trap samples yielded 173 species of macroinvertebrates. Mean densities of macroinvertebrates ranged from 4,800/m2 to 23,040/m2 and averaged 12,499/m2 in the upper Little Missouri River. Twenty-two quantitative collections of fishes were made at representative riffles and pools. The average biomass estimates for riffles and pools were 5.69 kg/ha …