Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Investigation Of The Relationship Of Earthquakes And Underground Waste Disposal In The El Dorado Area, Arkansas, Randel Cox, Roy B. Vanarsdale

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

From December, 1983 to September, 1989 twelve small earthquakes were recorded for the El Dorado, Arkansas area. Magnitudes of these earthquakes were well below damaging levels. Prior to this time no seismicity was reported in the area, suggesting that the earthquakes were not naturally occurring and may have been the result of human activity. El Dorado is located at the margin of a region of underground waste brine disposal and along a major fault zone. Elevated pore pressures resulting from brine disposal may have reduced the normal (locking) stresses across fault surfaces and triggered fault movement. Two injection wells (Great …

The Siia: A Mechanism For Addressing Pollution Problems Plaguing New Jersey's Coastal Zone, Laurie J. Sands

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

New Jersey has been plagued in recent years by beach closures resulting from elevated bacteria levels after rainfall events. The Sewage Infrastructure Improvement Act (SIIA) was adopted to correct these problems by addressing both point and nonpoint sources of pollution found in discharges of stormwater. However, there are problems with the SIIA such as overly burdensome requirements, limited resources and lack of future funding and direction. This research identifies these problems and examines existing State and federal legislation to find the necessary components to correct these concerns. The results show that by pursuing a legislative amendment to the SIIA, redistributing …

Florida's Water Resources, Armalee Feegan B.A., David Wallace

Environmental Education Resources

Edited by Joan Bray and Teri Rosen. Northeast Florida Institute for Science, Mathematics and Computer Education.

This booklet is an overview of Florida's water resources such as groundwater, aquifers, rivers, springs, and other bodies of water. It also discusses management, problems with pollution, and water conservation.

Littoral And Limnetic Zooplankton Communities In Lake Mead, Nevada-Arizona, Usa, Patrick J. Sollberger, Larry J. Paulson

Publications (WR)

Zooplankton were collected from adjacent littoral and limnetic sites in Lake Mead, Nevada-Arizona, USA. Limnetic species dominated both littoral and limnetic zooplankton communities; littoral species rarely exceeded 2% of monthly total zooplankton densities. Low species richness of littoral taxa and high similarity in species composition between littoral and limnetic habitats appeared to result from uniform horizontal physical and chemical environments, due to horizontal mixing, and from the absence aquatic macrophytes. Significant differences in spatial distribution occurred in phytoplankton biomass, total zooplankton density, and fish "abundances; highest concentrations of these factors occurred nearest an inflow high in nutrients and progressively declined …

Nitrate Concentrations Of Ground Water Benton County, Arkansas, Charles R. Smith, Kenneth F. Steele

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Nitrate Concentrations Of Ground Water Northern Madison County, Arkansas, Andrew Y. Austin, Kenneth F. Steele

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The presence of an extensive network of solution channels in the fractured carbonate bedrock and a thin permeable regolith in northwest Arkansas makes aquifers in this region susceptible to contamination. Because of these conditions, there is concern about nitrate contamination of the ground water from land applied animal wastes, commercial fertilizers, rural septic systems and municipal sewage systems. In response to these concerns a survey was conducted of the nitrate concentration in rural water wells in the carbonate aquifers of a 420 mi2 area of northern Madison county during "wet" and "dry" seasons in 1990. Information from well owners, drilling …

Lake Mead Nutrient Enhancement Project, Peter D. Vaux, Larry J. Paulson, Nevada Department Of Wildlife, National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration

Publications (WR)

The Lake Mead Fertilization Project is a research program designed to investigate the potential for using large-scale artificial fertilization to enhance the game fisheries of this reservoir through an increase in the population of threadfin shad, the system's primary forage species. A substantial decline in the population of largemouth bass, together with poor condition of adult striped bass, are the two major issues affecting the Lake Mead game fisheries. Both issues have been hypothesized to be a result of an inadequate amount of forage in the reservoir. Previous studies have in turn suggested that a major factor limiting the shad …

Land Management Manual. Merredin Advisory District, F. Frost, M Howell

Natural resources published reports

Farming by soil type recognizes that each major soil unit has specific land use capabilities. 'When developing a farm management programme, understanding and appreciating the productive potential and degradation hazard of each soil unit ensures that production systems can be developed which are 'sustainable. The aim of this land management manual is to describe the climatic and geological features of the district and provide definitions of each of the major soil units and 'current management recommendations. The material is designed to be used as an information base for farm planners.

Thes oil units described are for the Merredin advisory district …

Bulletin No 4174 - Tree Planting On Farms In High Rainfall Areas, Ken Angell

Bulletins 4000 -

Many of the techniques described in this Bulletin are applicable to broadacre farms. However, they are specifically directed to small rural properties in the high rainfall areas.

Trees can usually serve more than one purpose on small rural properties. They can be used as ornamentals, to provide shelter and shade, for erosion control, as a wildlife habitat, or for waterlogging and salinity control.

An Evaluation Of The Effect Of Discharging A High Quality Effluent Into A Small Ozark Mountain Stream, David G. Parker, Floyd E. Cotter, Sandra C. Parker

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Recently the newly constructed Fayetteville wastewater treatment plant went on line and directed a portion of its discharge to a point in the Mud Creek drainage basin that had previously not received any effluent. Prior to the discharge, a background study had been performed to establish the water quality in the basin. The background data, when compared to the data collected by this study, allowed any alteration of the stream water quality to be evaluated. Also the modeling procedure used to set the effluent limits for the treatment plant was analyzed. All stream data were compared to the limits set …

Fate Of Nitrogen From The Disposal Of Poultry Litter: A Simulation Approach, B. A. Ibrahim, H D. Scott

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

A computer program was written to simulate the transport of nitrogen after an application of poultry litter to a pasture. The program was written in FORTRAN 77 to run on an IBM PC/AT or compatible personal computer or on a Sun SPARCSTATION. Simulation of water, solute and heat transport was by finite difference. Partition of rainfall into infiltration and runoff was by the SCS curve number method. A comparison was made of the computer model output with the results of a field experiment established at the Main Agricultural Experiment Station at Fayetteville. Poultry litter was applied at a rate of …

Virus Reduction By The Stanford Onsite Wastewater Treatment System, Mark A. Gross

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

A field study to examine the Stanford Onsite Wastewater Treatment System's ability to remove bacteriophage from wastewater was conducted. MS2 Coliphage was Injected Into the low pressure pipe (LPP) distribution system to achieve an Influent concentration of 1.6 x 106 plague forming units per milliliter (PFU/ml). The bacteriophage was Injected Into the system three times during the day, and samples were taken from drainage tiles of the treatment system. Tile drainage was assayed on conform bacteria host cultures for MS2 phage. The treatment system removed two to three logs (99% to 99.9%) of the phage. During the past two years, …

A Preliminiary Investigation To Determine The Economic Implications Of The "404" Permit For Constructing Agriculturally Related Reservoirs In Arkansas, Richard K. Ford, Charles R. Britton

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

A descriptive inquiry of the economic consequences of federal regulations which restrict the construction of agriculturally related reservoirs in Arkansas's wetlands is presented in this report. The applicable economic principles are identifyed and applied to the situation without the quantifiable information necessary to evaluate the alternatives. The difficulty of collecting the required quantifiable information necessitates the formulation of a different technique to unravel the dilemma. An alternative method for resolving the wetlands allocation question is presented for a public sector decision maker. This unconventional technique suggests that it may be desirable to estimate and compare the costs associated with the …

Optimal Reservoir Design Criteria In Conjuctive Use Of Surface Water And Groundwater For Soybean Irrigation In Eastern Arkansas, D. R. Edwards, J. A. Ferguson

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

A computer simulation model, named Arkansas Offstream Reservoir Analysis (ARORA) was developed to simulate present worth of net income from soybean production systems for conditions varying with respect to ground water availability, offstream reservoir capacity, and many other variables. Additional algorithms were incorporated into the model to enable it to optimize reservoir dimensions given realistic constraints and to identify the reservoir capacity corresponding to maximum present worth of simulated net income. The model was written in FORTRAN programming language and requires significant input data in order to provide significant flexibility with respect to the situations which may be accomodated. The …

Presentation Of Verified Algal Taxa As Reference Sources - Phase Ii, Richard L. Meyer

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The focus of this research project was to continue the development of a photographic system which would record living organisms using various forms of light microscopy with correct color and with arrested movement. These demands dictate the use of an electronic flash source with metering and control system located in a position following the passage of the light through the optical train. The system developed uses off-the-shelf components with a modified flashtube holder which positions the tube in the axis of the light beam between the field and iris diaphragm. The light is measured off-the-film so that light from the …

Dew Chemistry, G. H. Wagner

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

From July, 1989 to July 1990 a total of 98 dews and 9 frosts were collected at the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville. The total water flux from dews and frosts per year is less than 2% of that from rains. Acid and nutrient fluxes are also much lower in dew. In the following series of ions the number in parenthesis gives the % of the yearly flux of the ion in dew compared to rain for an average year: H+ (0.08), Ca2+ (23), Mg2+(9), K+(20), Na+(5), NH+(12), Cl-(7), S02/4-(5) and N0-/3 (6). A typical dew has a …

Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 2b Water Quality Data, James W. Moore

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Volume II of the overall report for the project to determine the suitability of the Arkansas River for municipal, agricultural and industrial water supplies contains additional water quality information. This information includes the historical evaluation of the water quality in the Arkansas River and data for various water quality parameters included in the two-year sampling program. The research project was conducted under contract with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Funding was provided by the Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Protection Agency, the City of Little Rock, Rockefeller Foundation and the Ozark Society. Additionally, the U.S. Geological Survey contributed …

Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 3 Treatability Study, Steven M. Jones, Steven G. Burghart, James W. Moore

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Volume III of the overall report for the project to determine the suitability of the Arkansas River for municipal, agricultural and industrial water supplies contains the treatability data. These data include the results of the granular activated carbon, ozonation and packed tower aeration studies. The research project was conducted under contract with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Funding was provided by the Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Protection Agency, the City of Little Rock, Rockefeller Foundation and the Ozark Society. Additionally, the U.S. Geological Survey contributed financially by matching the cost of sample collection. The City of Little …

Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 2a Water Quality Data, James W. Moore

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Volume II of the overall report for the project to determine the suitability of the Arkansas River for municipal, agricultural and industrial water supplies contains additional water quality information. This information includes the historical evaluation of the water quality in the Arkansas River and data for various water quality parameters included in the two-year sampling program. The research project was conducted under contract with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Funding was provided by the Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Protection Agency, the City of Little Rock, Rockefeller Foundation and the Ozark Society. Additionally, the U.S. Geological Survey contributed …

Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 4 Cost Analyses, Joseph Watt, James W. Moore

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Volume IV of the overall report for the project to determine the suitability of the Arkansas River for municipal, agricultural and industrial water supplies contains the cost information calculated using WATER MAID. WATER MAID is an interactive software program for use in calculating treatment plant costs. The software program was developed for the Environmental Protection Agency. The research project was conducted under contract with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission.

Enhancement And Monitoring Of The Procambarus Clarkii Population In Lake Mead, Mikell Beth Hager

Publications (WR)

Procambarus clarkii are found in extremely low numbers throughout Lake Mead, AZ-NV. The crayfish are an important dietary component for game fish. Enhancement of the crayfish population would broaden the fishery forage base. Crayfish were stocked and monitored in a study cove on Saddle Island to determine if the Procambarus clarkii population could be enhanced. A trapping survey of the area after the following reproductive season yielded low numbers of crayfish. A comparison of pre-stocking and post-stocking catch per trap day (CPTD) values revealed no significant increase in the population. Procambarus clarkii growth is limited by environmental factors in Lake …

Nitrate Concentrations Of Ground Water From Limestone And Dolomitic Aquifers In The Northeastern Washington County Area, Arkansas, Kenneth F. Steele, William K. Mccalister

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The Ozark Region of Arkansas is a major poultry-producing area of the United States. Large quantities of poultry waste are spread as fertilizer on thin soils of pastureland overlying limestone and dolomitic aquifers. Because these aquifers provide domestic water supplies for the rural population and are susceptible to contamination from surface water, there is concern that nitrate leached from poultry litter is polluting the ground water. In response to this concern, well water from a major poultry-producing area was compared with that from a forested area in the northeastern Washington County area, Arkansas. Although nitrate concentration of the well water …

Beaver Lake Water Quality Monitoring Plan, Kenneth W. Carter, George Losak, Kenneth Steele, Joel Cahoon, Dwayne Edwards, Tommy C. Daniel, Richard Meyer, Dee Mitchell

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The Beaver Lake basin is located in Northwest Arkansas, and includes portions of Washington, Madison, Benton, Carroll and Franklin counties. The White River is the :major tributary to Beaver lake, with minor tributaries including the Middle and West Forks of the Whi 1:e River, Richland Creek and War Eagle Creek. The basin encompassing 1,186 square miles of drainage area provides a usable storage capacity of 1.22 :million acre-feet, 300,000 of which are designated as flood control, the remainder is utilized for power generation and water supply. Beaver Lake is the water source for both the Beaver and Carroll County Water …

Should The Ports Of New Orleans And Mobile Be United Under A Single Port Authority, Charles E. Dorsett

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

United States ports along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico are engaged in fierce competition among themselves to attract existing and future trade. This competition has served to force modernization and expansion of facilities in all the ports. The effort is running into the billions of dollars and there are concerns that there is too much duplication of costly facilities. The Port of New Orleans benefits from its location at the southern terminus of the Mississippi River System. Until five years ago it was the sole significant transhipment node between the nation's midsection and its customers and suppliers. In …

Arkansas Water Resources Research Center Pamphlet, Kenneth F. Steele

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Arkansas Water Resources Center (AWRC) works closely with state and federal agencies and academic institutions. Priority research categories are: surface water analysis, ground water pollution, surface and ground water quality/quanity, and water resource management.

Comparison Of Pressurized And Gravity Distribution Systems For Wastewater Treatment, Mark A. Gross, Stan Neal, Belinda Ederington, Robert Muldoon

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Pressurized distribution of domestic wastewater over a sand filter surface achieves better treatment than gravity distribution. The pressurized distribution system caused the filter to better remove organics (BOD₅) and suspended solids. Pressurized distribution also caused the sand filter to achieve more complete nitrification than the filter having gravity distribution. Two slow sand filters 15.2 cm wide, 3.1 m long and 15.2 cm deep were built and loaded with domestic septic tank effluent for 250 days at a rate of 5.1 cm per day. Influent and effluent samples were collected and analyzed for five-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD₅), suspended solids, ammonia- …

Effects Of Ambient Lake Mohave Temperatures On Development, Oxygen Consumption, And Hatching Success Of The Razorback Sucker, Michael A. Bozek, Larry J. Paulson, Gene R. Wilde

Publications (WR)

Spawning of razorback suckers, Xyrauchen texanus, in Lake Mohave occurred from 10-22° C and larvae were collected at water temperatures from 10-15° C in 1982 and 1983. In the laboratory, hatching success was similar from 12-20° C, but reduced hatching success was found at 10° C while none hatched at 8°C. Development rate and oxygen consumption were positively related to incubation temperature. Direct effects of ambient Lake Mohave water temperatures on hatching success of razorback sucker embryos are considered minimal. Historical spawning temperatures for the species are hypothesized based upon successful incubation temperatures and comparison to the white sucker, …

Determining Pesticide And Nitrate Levels In Spring Water In Northwest Arkansas, T. L. Lavy, B. A. Dehart, John D. Mattice

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Occurrences of pesticides in our nations ground water are on the rise. As states become aware of this problem and begin monitoring programs, incidence of contamination will probably increase. Since the problem of pesticides in groundwater is relatively new, little research has centered on the fate of pesticides after they reach the groundwater environment. In Northwest Arkansas efforts to monitor groundwater for pesticides have been small. Twenty-five springs in Northwest Arkansas were sampled in the fall of 1988, and spring of 1989. Analysis for atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, diuron, and simazine in spring water was preformed using gas liquid chromatography and …

Analysis, Design And Implementation Of A Pilot Relational Database For Groundwater In The State Of Arkansas, Ray Hashemi-Nassab

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

There are several agencies within the state of Arkansas dealing with underground water. Each agency has its own database that acts as an isolated depository of data. Practically, the communication among these databases is zero, not because there is no need for it, but because the communication is very difficult if not impossible. Data redundancy, inconsistency, and lack of integrity is overwhelming. In this study we have addressed the problem of lack of unity among the databases belonging to different agencies. Also, as an alternative we have developed a relational database. In this database the data was normalized to 4NF. …

An Expert System For Managing An Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plant, Sandra C. Parker, David G. Parker

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

A diagnostic expert system for an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant has been designed to link with a relational database management system for obtaining operational parameter values that are used by the program to diagnose operational problems that may occur in the process. The problems that are dealt with by the system are bulking sludge, floating sludge, defloculation, ashing, solids washout, foaming problems, high soluble effluent BOD and problems in the aeration system. The link between the expert system and the database is accomplished via programming that is initiated by the expert system program. The operator of the system is …