Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

The Physiological Implications Of Bleaching Of Corals Off Southeast Florida, C. J. Reese, G. S. Kleppel, Richard E. Dodge

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

As part of an ongoing study of coral bleaching, observations were made of corals on reefs (ca. 8m) off John U. Lloyd Beach, Dania, FL, in December, 1987. Bleaching was evident in approximately 50% of Montastrea annularis, the dominant scleractinian coral species. Quantitative pigment measurements by HPLC show that bleached corals contained

Decline Of Coral Growth Rates At Negril, Jamaica, T. J. Goreau, Richard E. Dodge, P. D. Goreau

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

Montastrea annularis heads were collected near Negril, Jamaica, along transects from open, normal reef conditions into the mouths of rivers draining the Negril Morass. Corals subject to turbidity (particulate peat and dissolved humic compouonds near rivers, re-suspended reef sediments away from them) were growing more slowly than those in normal circumstances. Surprisingly, corals growing fastest were slowing the most, and the slowest growers increasing growth rate. Linear regression analysis of growth trends over the past two decades revealed stable limit-cycle behavior: change of growth was inversely proportional to growth rate, with a very significant correlation coefficient of -0.92. We suggest …

Annual Medic Evaluation On Eradu Sandplain Soil - Plots, Bradley Nutt, M. K. Laslett

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 88EC17

Location: East Chapman Research Station.

The plots were hand sown at 2 g/m2 of inoculated and lime pelleted seed. The medics were inoculated with WSM540 which may have been ineffective on some of the M. littoralis and M. tornata varieties. The time taken to form ripe pods was monitored to gain some extra measure of maturity besides flowering time for comparing wide ranges of species. The ripening time involved was very similar over all the varieties, averaging out to 44 days after the flower opens. What appears to be a more important factor when considering maturity is the …

Ua35/11 Wku Student Honors Research Bulletin, Wku University Honors Program

WKU Administration Documents

The Western Kentucky University Student Honors Research Bulletin is dedicated to scholarly involvement and student research. These papers represent work done by students from throughout the university.

• Kesselring, Marcia. Attitudes Toward the Need for Computer Literacy
• Tuck, Janna & Karen Wiggins. Methylation and Confirmation of PGE
• Lewis, Gloria. John Donne's Attitude Toward Love
• Johnson, Linda. International Telecommunications Trade with Japan
• Sharpe, Greg. Precipitation Patterns in Bowling Green, Kentucky, 1980-1985
• Smith, Sandy. Religion and the Media: Alliance or War?
• Bell, Suzanne. Early Secret Involvement of the United States Military in Cambodia
• Scariot, Linda. Parental Divorce and Childhood Emotional Disturbances
• Daniel, Janice. …

Selection And Development Of Early Maturing Varieties Of Murex Medic., D. J. Gillespie

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 88A25, 88MO44, 88NA83, 88AL15

Location: Avondale, New Norcia, Darkan, Cranbrook, Arthur River, Kellerberrin North Quairdading, Gabalong, Merredin, Badgebup and Pingrup.

Over 300 recent overseas introductions of murex medic were evaluated in rows at South Perth in 1988. Of these 15 selections were identified with acceptable spinniness that flower in 100 days or less. Four years ago there was only one selection flowering in under 110 days and that was spiny!

These selections will be evaluated in small plot trials in several country sites in 1989.

This programme aims to identify superior varieties to Zodiac which was released in 1988.

Vadosiapus Copacabanus, A New Genus And Species Of Exoedicerotidae From Brazil (Crustacea, Amphipoda), J. L. Barnard, James Darwin Thomas

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Vadosiapus copacabanus, n. gen. is described from the surf zone on the beach at Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The genus and unique species is related to the three known species of Bathyporeiapus, which range southward from Brazil through the Magellan region of South America. Vadosiapus is distinguished from Bathyporeiapus in the odd phoxocephalid-like article 3 of the mandibular palp, the nonsinuate epimeron 2, the broadened tel son bearing only midsagittal armaments and the enlarged dactyl of gnathopod 2.

Elasmopus Balkomanus, A New Species From The Florida Keys (Crustacea, Amphipoda), James Darwin Thomas, J. L. Barnard

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Elasmopus balkomanus is described from Looe Key Reef in the Florida Keys. The species is very close to the eastern Pacific E. antennatus but in the male has equally extending rami on uropod 3, only 2 (versus 4-6) spines on each lobe of the tel son in adults, a lateral ridge on the propodus of male gnathopod 2 and very heavily armed flagella of antenna 2 in the male.

This species lives in a short-tufted algal turf community on coral rubble but apparently is rare because it has only been collected once in 10 years of sampling in the Florida …

Ipanemidae, New Family, Ipanema Talpa, New Genus And Species, From The Surf Zone Of Brazil (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Haustorioidea), J. L. Barnard, James Darwin Thomas

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

A new family of haustorioid Amphipoda resembling the Phoxocephalopsidae and Urothoidae has been discovered in sands of the surf zone off Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Like the recently described Cheidae, the new speciesgenus- family combines various characters of haustorioids in a unique manner and bears one unprecedented apomorphic character: an alate, uncleft telson.

The new taxon has the following characters of Urothoidae: antenna 2, head, and distal parts of pereopods but has a distinctive antenna I, coxae 1-2, mandibular palp, telson and epimera 1-2. Ipanema has the following characters of Phoxocephalopsidae: coxae, mandibles, and uropod I but has distinctive antennae …

Dryland Pasture Legume Programme, C. K. Revell, G. Croker, J. Simmons, L. Heinrich

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

1. Medic variety evaluation

a. Row Evaluation - 88ME122 - Merredin.
This method of assessment was used to test a range of new medic material originating from the South Australian Department of Agriculture.

b. Evaluation of burr medics on Morrel soils. - 88ME84 - Nokaning.

c. Evaluation of burr medics on Whitegum soils. 88ME85 - North Kellerberrin.

d. Evaluation of Santiago in low rainfall areas - 88ME86 - Mukinbudin.

e. Selection of early maturing M. murex. 88SC30 - Merredin.

f. Medic species evaluation - large plots. 88NO88 - Tammin.

g. Medic species evaluation - large plots. 85M43 - Merredin Research …

Consequences Of Thymidine Catabolism For Estimates Of Bacterial Production: An Example From A Coastal Marine Sediment, Kevin R. Carman, Fred C. Dobbs, James B. Guckert

OES Faculty Publications

Radioactively labeled thymidine (TdR) has been used extensively to measure bacterial production in aquatic environments, but critical assumptions of the TdR technique often have gone untested. In this study of a coastal marine sediment, the metabolic fate of methyl [³H]TdR and methyl [¹⁴C]TdR was at variance with the assumptions necessary for determining bacterial production. Only 2% of incorporated radioactivity was recovered in the DNA fraction of TCA-insoluble material following time-course incubations of l-300 min. At least the methyl group of TdR was extensively catabolized, as shown by copious production of ¹⁴C0₂. The temporal …

Winter 1988, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

Summer 1988, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

Spring 1988, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

Fall 1988, Nsu Oceanographic Center

Currents

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Siltation On Recruitment Of Spiny Lobsters, Panulirus Argus, William F. Herrnkind, Mark J. Butler, Richard A. Tankersley

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Fewer juvenile pinry lobsters were found in areas of the Florida Keys where their primary habitat was heavily silted as compared with similar, less silted habitat. Several hypotheses explaining this relationship were tested, and the time-to-metamorphosis was compared for settling pueruli within silted and nonsilted algae stands. Limited postlarval settlement and avoidance of silted algal habitats by juveniles, probably accounts for the paucity of young lobsters in heavily silted sites. In addition, although juvenile lobsters are nonselective predators, lower prey availability in silted algae probably promotes transciency which, in turn, causes increased mortality by predation while juveniles are exposed.

Evaluation Of Possible Reproductively Mediated Character Displacement In The Crayfishes, Orconectes Rusticus And O. Sanbornii, Mark J. Butler Iv

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Orconectes rusticus is replacing several species of crayfishes in north-central and northeastern North America, including O. sanbornii in Ohio. Recent evidence suggests that the species replacements may be driven by asymmetrical reproductive success favoring O. rusticus. Nonetheless, some sympatric associations appear locally persistent. Because crayfish demonstrate size assortative mating and there is a disparity in the sizes of the species, further divergence in the sizes of the species in sympatry could enhance reproductive isolation, ultimately providing a mechanism for character displacement. To test this hypothesis the size differentials between crayfish collected from allopatric and sympatric populations in east-central Ohio …

Limnological Monitoring Data For Lake Mead During 1987: Technical Report No. 20, Larry J. Paulson

Publications (WR)

Limnological monitoring was conducted in Las Vegas Bay and Boulder Basin from April to December of 1987. The purpose of the monitoring was to (i) document possible changes in water quality resulting from decreased phosphorus loading in Las Vegas Wash, and (ii) establish a data base for evaluating the adequacy of water quality standards.

Fish Aid: The Lake Mead Fertilization Project, Richard Axler, Larry Paulson, Peter Vaux, Patrick Sollberger, Donald H. Baepler

Publications (WR)

Sport fishing at Lake Mead in Nevada and Arizona is a resource valued at nearly $100 million per year to southern Nevada. During the past two decades, salmonids, mostly trout, have disappeared entirely, the largemouth bass catch has drastically declined despite greater fishing pressure, and the condition factors for striped bass have steadily deteriorated. It appears that a major reduction in phosphorus loading caused by the upstream impoundment of the Colorado River to form Lake Powell in 1963 and advanced wastewater treatment removal of phosphorus from domestic wastewater inflows in 1981 are the principal factors responsible for decreased production at …

Changes In The Morphometry Of Las Vegas Wash And The Impact On Water Quality, Richard A. Roline, James J. Sartoris, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

Las Vegas Wash, a natural wash east of Las Vegas, Nevada, carries stormwater, groundwater drainage, and sewage effluent from two sewage treatment plants to Lake Mead. Over 80 percent of the normal discharge of approximately 3.4 m³/s (120 ft³/s) consists of effluent from the City of Las Vegas and Clark County sewage treatment plants. Beginning in the 1950s, a large wetland area developed along the wash that supported waterfowl populations and contributed to some water quality transformations. Heavy rains and subsequent flooding in the area in 1983 and 1984 resulted in erosion and channelization that greatly …

Lake Mead Prefertilization Study: Preliminary Nutrient Enhancement Studies In Lake Mead, Richard P. Axler, Larry J. Paulson, Patrick J. Sollberger, Donald H. Baepler, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

Studies conducted by the University of Nevada-Las Vegas (UNLV), the Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW), the Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD), The Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP), and the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) have identified decreased algal production as a major factor involved in the decline of the Lake Mead sport fishery. Phosphorus-laden silt particles in the Colorado River have been sedimenting out in Lake Powell since the completion of Glen Canyon Dam 286 miles upstream in 1963. This sharp decrease in phosphorus loading to Lake Mead (>5000 tons per year) has resulted in decreased …

Effects Of A Dispersed And Undispersed Crude Oil On Mangroves, Seagrasses And Corals, T. G. Ballou, Richard E. Dodge, S. C. Hess, A. H. Knap, Thomas D. Sleeter

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Reports

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the application of dispersant to spilled oil as a means of reducing adverse environmental effects of oil spills in nearshore, tropical waters. The results of numerous laboratory and field studies have suggested that dispersants may play a useful role in reducing adverse impacts on sensitive and valued environments such as mangroves, seagrasses, and corals. However, the use of dispersants has not been allowed thus far in most situations because of a lack of direct experimental data on the various effects of dispersants and the environmental trade-offs presumed to occur as a …

Molting In The Mature Female Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus, Rathbun, Kirk J. Havens

OES Theses and Dissertations

The present study examines the hypothesis that mature female blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, do not have a terminal anecdysis. Induced molting via eyestalk ablation, size frequency distributions and gonad and limb regeneration indices from field collected animals are used as indicators of potential post maturity molts.

Eyestalk ablation of mature females resulted in ecdysis approximately 51 days after ablation, indicating a physiological ability if mature females to complete ecdysis. Analysis of size frequency distributions indicates two distinct shifts from smaller to larger females, one in early spring and a second in early fall. While migration of larger females into …

Phytoplankton Dynamics In The Very Low Salinity Region Of The James River Estuary, Virginia, U.S.A., Changho Moon

OES Theses and Dissertations

During summer and autumn discharge from the James River estuary, Virginia, was less than 120 _m³sec^-1. There was a peak phytoplankton biomass in the very low salinity region (defined as the location where surface salinity measured less than 0.5$ 0/00) and this peak represented five to ten times greater biomass than adjacent waters. The peak biomass occurred independent of the tidal state and the location of nutrient inputs. It disappeared during winter and spring, and nutrient limitation was not responsible for the low phytoplankton biomass, indicating there were physical, not chemical controlling factors.

The peak biomass …

Thermal Tolerances And Preferences Of Fishes Of The Virgin River System (Utah, Arizona, Nevada), James E. Deacon, Paul B. Schumann, Edward L. Stuenkel

Publications (WR)

Critical thermal maxima (CTM) and thermal preferenda of the common fishes of the Virgin River were examined. Differences in final temperature preferenda and CTM for species with low thermal lability (speckled dace, spinedace, roundtail chub) correspond well with differences in their distribution and abundance in the river. These species shifted their acute thermal preferences relatively little as acclimation temperature increased. For thermally labile species (woundfin, red shiner, desert sucker, and fiannehnouth sucker), the final preferendum is a less precise indicator of probable distribution. The woundfin, an endangered fish, has a high CTM (39.5 C at 25 C acclimation) and a …

Benthic Invertebrates And Crayfish Of Lake Mead, Susan K. Peck, William L. Pratt, James E. Pollard, Larry J. Paulson, Donald H. Baepler

Publications (WR)

The objectives of this study were to:

1. Establish baseline densities of benthic invertebrates and relative abundance of crayfish in Lake Mead.

2. Evaluate the distributions of benthic organisms and crayfish in relation to existing habitat conditions and 1imnological characteristics of Lake Mead.

3. Measure seasonal changes in abundances of benthic organisms and crayfish in Lake Mead.

4. Compare observations of Procambarus clarkii life history in Lake Mead to reports from other aquatic systems.

5. Evaluate the importance of benthic organisms and crayfish as food sources for game fish in Lake Mead.

Estimation Of Food Limitation In Daphnia Pulex From Boulder Basin, Lake Mead, Thomas Mark Bartanen

Publications (WR)

In February, 1982 I began a year-long study to determine if growth and reproduction in Daphnia Pulex were limited by the amount of food available in Boulder Basin, Lake Mead. To determine this, I made monthly collections of Daphnia Pulex and natural lake seston from an already established station in Boulder Basin. I cultured the Daphnia Pulex under simulated field conditions in a flow-through feeding apparatus using four different food regimes; 1-natural lake seston filtered through 80 um mesh to remove other zooplankton, 2-lake seston (as above) with an enrichment of 10³ cells-ml^-1 of Chlamydomonas reinhardti, 3-lake …

Growth Potential Of Young Black Sea Bass, Centropristis Striata, In Artificial Environments, Joung Won Kim

OES Theses and Dissertations

The growth potential of the commercially important marine finfish, black sea bass (Centropristis striata), was examined for aquaculture under controlled conditions. The effect of food and body weight on growth was evaluated using juveniles and young black sea bass cultured with a natural diet and a commercial diet at various feeding levels.

Growth was affected by type of food, food consumption rate, and fish body weight. For fish having positive weight gain, absolute growth rate (gram/day) increased exponentially as food consumption rate (percent of body weight per day) and/or body weight increased. Instantaneous growth rate (percent of body weight per …

Lake Mead Cover Enhancement Project, Jennifer Stevens Haley, Suzanne Leavitt, Larry Paulson, Donald H. Baepler

Publications (WR)

Ninety-three wildlife agencies were surveyed for information on their attempts to improve fish habitat. In addition, an annotated bibliography including over 100 summaries was completed on: 1. largemouth bass cover requirements and preferences, 2. use and effectiveness of artificial cover, 3. aquatic plant introduction and species requirements for germination and establishment, 4. terrestrial plant introduction and species requirements for germination and establishment, and 5. nutrient exchange between sediment, aquatic plants, and water. A reconnaissance of existing terrestrial and aquatic vegetation was completed in June 1986 including the production of a video tape of the Nevada shoreline of Lake Mead. Cover …

A Comparison Of Potential Fishing Methods Associated With Fish Aggregating Devices Off The Northeast Coast Of Puerto Rico, Alan M. Friedlander

OES Theses and Dissertations

Six fish aggregating devices (FADs) were deployed in June and monitored through December 1986. Emphasis was placed on trolling, live-bait handlining and longlining.

There was a significant difference (x2 = 7.815, pCoryphaena hippurus) which made up 64.2% of the catch.

Handlining at night around inshore buoys for one boat yielded 82.7 kg per trip. Pelagic fish comprised 83.9% of the catch, with the majority (81.4%) being kingfish (Scomberomorous cavalla). Catch rates were 50% higher and the species diversity much greater on the FADs versus control during experimental nightfishing, but the difference was not significant.

Longlining resulted in 3.4 …

An Annual Study Of Phytoplankton Composition And Associated Environmental Conditions Of Lake Trashmore, Virginia Beach, Virginia, Seba B. Sheavly

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

A 12 month study of Lake Trashmore was conducted on phytoplankton composition, inorganic nutrients and their seasonal associations. The dominant phytoplankton groups observed were diatoms, chlorophyceans and cyanobacteria. Phytoplankton assemblage patterns were coupled with pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrites and silicates. Diatoms dominated during periods of high nutrient concentrations, cooler temperatures and an unstable water column. Cyanobacteria forms dominated during periods of warmer temperatures, higher pH and decreased nitrogen and dissolved oxygen concentrations. A seasonal community shift occurred from cyanobacterial dominance to chlorophycean dominance when pH levels decreased. The lake is eutrophic based on indices of chlorophyll a concentrations, transparency …