Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Estimating Potential Ground And Surface Water Pollution From Land Application Of Poultry Litter, J. T. Gilmour, D. C. Wolf, P. M. Gale

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

In 1985, more than 750 million broiler chickens were produced in Arkansas. During the same year over 15 million laying chickens produced 3.6 million eggs. The waste products of these agricultural production systems, poultry litter and manure, were about 1 million metric tons. As a result of land application of these wastes, about 5,000 metric tons of annnonium N and 12,000 metric tons of mineralized nitrogen were applied to Arkansas pastures in 1985. Manures contributed about 2-3 percent of the total. The objective of this research was to quantify major components of the nitrogen cycle which influence the ground and …

Slack-Water Deposits And The Magnitude And Frequency Of Flash Floods, Eastern Kentucky, Russell G. Shepherd, Lisa K. Bienkowski

KWRRI Research Reports

The potential for predicting flood magnitude and frequency using sediments deposited in backwater areas during flash floods was investigated on the Cumberland Plateau of eastern Kentucky, a region n9torious for flash flooding. Slack-water deposits are abundant in the area at tributary mouths and bedrock channel expansions. They are identifiable on geologic quandrangle maps, and are locally good potential indicators of maximum flood-crest elevations. However, in this humid region, flash floods could not be distinguished from non-flash floods using slack-water sedimentology.

The results from the slack-water deposits studied indicate that they offer limited potential for predicting flash floods because 1) intense …

Long-Term Effects Of Tillage On The Retention And Transport Of Soil Water, H. D. Scott, L. S. Wood, W. M. Miley

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Quantitative measurements were made of the physical and chemical properties of two virgin prairie soils, Crowley and Jay, that remain in their native Arkansas environments and of similar soils that had been tilled extensively. Comparisons were made of soil properties at several depths. When compared with the tilled soils the virgin soils had higher organic matter contents, saturated hydraulic conductivities and water retained at several applied pressures. Bulk densities and hydraulic resistances were lower in the virgin soils. For the Crowley silt loam, values of pH and elemental contents of the virgin soil were higher than those of the tilled …

Algal Growth Potentials And Heavy Metal Concentrations Of The Primary Streams To Upper Beaver Lake, Richard L. Meyer, W. Reed Green, Kenneth F. Steele, Diana Wickliff

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Meyer and Green (1984) demonstrated the probable inhibition of algal growth potential by heavy metals in upper Beaver Lake. Upper Beaver Lake receives water from three tributaries. One contains a small reservoir and the combined streams receive sewage input. Collections were made approximately monthly at eight sites for the Algal Assay Bottle Test (AABT) and heavy metal analysis. In general, AABT results indicated that the collections above the sewage lnput were phosphorus limited while those below were nitrogen or combined nitrogen and phosphorus limited. Growth inhibition occurred during summer and early fall at various sites with greater inhibition at the …

Arkansas Water Resources Research Center Pamphlet, Richard L. Meyer

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Arkansas Water Resources Research Center (AWRRC), through research is committed to meeting the many and varied challenges presented to water quality by Arkansas' burgeoning urban, agricultural, and recreational water demands.

Groundwater Quality And Mineral Deposits Relationships In The Ozark Mountains, Kenneth F. Steele

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Ninety-nine groundwater sites were sampled in northern Arkansas in order to determine the effect of local manganese, phosphate, pyrite, lead-zinc and uranium mineralization on the groundwater chemistry. Most of this study (75 springs) was concentrated in the Batesville manganese district. Hydrogeochemical exploration for these types of manganese deposits appears possible with 44 percent of the springs within 2000 feet of mineralization having anomalous metal concentrations (especially manganese). Because only a few springs were sampled in the remaining areas, the results are not conclusive; however, only the pyrite and small lead-zinc deposit would appear worthy of additional investigation. None of the …

The Marine Biogeochemistry Of Selenium: A Re-Evaluation, Gregory A. Cutter, Kenneth W. Bruland

OES Faculty Publications

Vertical and horizontal profiles from the North and South Pacific Oceans demonstrate the existence of three species of dissolved selenium: selenite, selenate, and organic selenide (operationally defined). In surface waters, organic selenide makes up about 80% of the total dissolved selenium, selenite concentrations are uniformly low, and selenate concentrations rise with increased vertical mixing. The organic selenide maximum (thought to consist of seleno-amino acids in peptides) coincides with the maxima of primary productivity, pigments, bioluminescence, and dissolved free amino acids. Deep ocean waters are enriched in selenite and selenate, while organic selenide is nondetectable. In suboxic waters of the tropical …

Investigations And Research In Nevada By The Water Resources Division, U. S. Geological Survey, 1982-83, Terry Katzer, Otto Moosburner, William D. Nichols

Publications (WR)

The Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, is charged with (1) maintaining a hydrologic network in Nevada that provides information on the status of the State's water resources and (2) engaging in technical water-resources investigations that have a high degree of transferability. To meet these broad objections, 26 projects were active in Nevada during fiscal year 1982 in cooperation with 36 Federal, State, and local agencies. Total funds were $3,319,455, of which State and local cooperative funding amounted to $741,500 and Federal funding (comprised of Geological Survey Federal and cooperative programs plus funds from six other Federal agencies) amounted to …

Disposal Of Household Wastewater In Soils Of High Stone Content (1981-1983), E. M. Rutledge, C. R. Mote, D. T. Mitchell, M. S. Hirsch, M. D. Harper, H. D. Scott, C. L. Griffis

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Four experimental filter fields were constructed with built-in monitoring equipment in Nixa soils. These soils contain many chert fragments and a fragipan about 60 cm below the soil surface. The fragipan restricts downward movement of water and is the designlimitingfeature. The four filter fields were: 1. A "standard" filter field, 76 cm deep. The bottom of the trench was in the fragipan. 2. A "modified standard" filter field, 30 cm deep. The bottom of the trench was above the fragipan. 3. A "modified pressure" filter field, 40 cm deep. The bottom of the trench was above the fragipan. In addition, …

Ua12/2/1 Magazine, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

Special magazine edition of the College Heights Herald, featuring articles:

• Humphreys, Mack. Beneath Bowling Green – Lost River Cave
• Malmer, Victoria. Food for Body, Food for Soul – Louis Cook
• Thomas, Steve. Coming Home – Bob Buster, Vietnam

Modeling Surface And Subsurface Stormflow On Steeply-Sloping Forested Watersheds, Patrick G. Sloan, Ian D. Moore, George B. Coltharp, Joseph D. Eigel

KWRRI Research Reports

A simple conceptual rainfall-runoff model, based on the variable source area concept, was developed for predicting runoff from small, steep-sloped, forested Appalachian watersheds. Tests of the model showed that the predicted and observed daily discharges were in good agreement. The results demonstrate the ability of the model to simulate the "flashy" hydrologic behavior of these watersheds.

Five subsurface flow models were evaluated by application to existing data measured at Coweeta on a reconstructed homogeneous forest soil. The five models were: Nieber 's 2-D and 1-D finite element models (based on Richards' equation), the kinematic wave equation, and two simple storage …

Disposal Of Household Wastewater In Soils Of High Stone Content (1977-1980), E. M. Rutledge, C. R. Mote, M. S. Hirsh, H. D. Scott, D. T. Mitchell

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Two experimental septic tank filter fields were constructed with built-in monitoring equipment in Nixa soils. These soils contain many chert fragments and a fragipan about 60 cm deep which restricts downward water movement and is the design-limiting feature. The standard filter field (76 cm deep) was built into the fragipan and the modified standard filter field (30 cm deep) was placed above it. During 30 months' observation, the modified standard performed better than the standard filter field. Maximum rise of effluent in the standard and modified standard came within 11 and 19 cm of the soil surface, respectively. Performance of …

Government Response To Drought In The United States: With Particular Reference To The Great Plains, Donald A. Wilhite

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

Drought relief has become an expected response of the federal government to periods of widespread drought in the United States. A wide range of emergency, short-term and long-term drought programs were formulated to deal with the extreme drought of the 1930's. By 1977 there were 40 separate programs administered by 16 different federal agencies. This paper traces the development of federal drought relief bureaucracy, including drought designation criteria and procedures.

Two obvious deficiencies of past drought relief efforts in the United States are noted. First, drought relief organizations and programs have been hastily assembled during periods of crisis. This has …

Raw Water Quality In The New Charleston, Illinois Pump Storage Reservoir, Kevin G. Lookis

Masters Theses

Charleston, Illinois, a city located in east-central Illinois, recently implemented a new concept in a raw water system. Due to storage capacity-sedimentation problems in the old Lake Charleston-Embarras River raw water supply, the Charleston Pump Storage Reservoir was constructed. The new system involved building a dike separating the Lake Charleston impoundment from the Embarras River. Water to increase the storage capacity of the reservoir can now be selectively pumped into the impoundment from the river.

Raw water quality in the reservoir was monitored on a weekly basis for a full year from August, 1981 to August, 1982. The levels of …

The Effects Of Varying Fresh Water Discharge On Dispersion In An Estuarine Hydraulic Model Of The Lafayette River, Norfolk, Virginia, Michael J. Jugan

OES Theses and Dissertations

Three experimental tests were conducted in the Lafayette River branch of the Chesapeake Bay Hydraulic Model, each successive test with an increase in the amount of fresh water discharged into the head of the river. This was done to study the response from varying river discharge on mixing parameters including the longitudinal dispersion coefficient (E).

The model generated a tide of constant range and period. Batch releases of Rhodamine WT dye were made in the model and sampled throughout the river for ten tidal cycles. Samples were taken simultaneously at selected high and low water slack.

The calculation of the …

Atrazine Degradation, Sorption And Bioconcentration In Water Systems, Duane C. Wolf, Ramon L. Jackson

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The herbicide atrazine is used extensively to control broadleaf and grass weeds in such crops as sorghum and corn. A small portion of the atrazine may be lost from the area of application by surface runoff and could enter a stream or lake. The objective of this study was to evaluate atrazine degradation, sorption, and bioconcentration in watersediment systems. The results indicated that sediments with lower pH values and higher organic matter levels adsorbed higher levels of atrazine than sediments with neutral pH values and lower organic matter levels. Microbial decomposition of the herbicide was slow under the conditions of …

Maine's Whitewater Rapids And Their Relevance To The Critical Areas Program, Janet Mcmahon

Maine Collection

Maine's Whitewater Rapids and Their Relevance to the Critical Areas Program

by Janet McMahon

Planning Report No. 74, Critical Areas Program, 184 State St., Augusta, Maine,

April, 1981 (additions made in October, 1981). Reprinted July, 1983.

Contents: Introduction / Natural History of Whitewater Rapids / Methods / Criteria / Results / Conclusions / General Evaluation of Whitewater Rapids for Inclusion on the Register of Critical Areas / Bibliography / Action Plan

Comparing Three Water Quality Sampling Techniques For Measuring Non-Point Source Pollution In Forest Streams, R. Scott Beasley

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Coshocton wheel samplers, ISCO pumping samplers, and single stage samplers were compared on each of three small (5-6 ha), forested watersheds in the Ouachita Mountains of central Arkansas. The objective of the comparisons was to evaluate the performance of each sampling method in providing reliable samples for measuring concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS). H-flumes and water level recorders provided stream discharge data; a network of recording and non-recording raingages provided preciptation measurements. Rainfall and storm discharges during the study period were unusually low. No samples were collected by the single stage samplers. They appear unsuited for use on small …

Hydrogeologic And Geochemical Investigation Of The Boone-St. Joe Limestone Aquifer In Benton County, Arkansas, Albert E. Ogden

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The Boone-St. Joe limestone aquifer is an important unconfined aquifer for rural residents of Benton County, Arkansas. Pumping tests indicate a large range in production capability of the aquifer. The coefficient of transmissibility and specific capacity range from 24.8 to 24640 gpd/ft and 0.03 to 30 gpm/ft, respectively. No statistical relationship at a = 0.10 was found between each of these parameters and photo-lineament proximity. Drillers' estimated well yield (gpm) also showed no relationship to photo-lineament proximity. It is therefore concluded that choosing well sites along photo-lineaments for higher production is not as reliable for karstified carbonate aquifers such as …

Changing Fields: Agricultural Land Use Changes In Nebraska 1925-1974, Donald A. Wilhite

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

The series of graphs and maps which follow illustrate agricultural land use changes in Nebraska from 1925 to 1974. With these graphs and maps, the major agronomic crops of corn (dryland and irrigated), wheat, sorghum and soybeans are analyzed. The purpose of this analysis is to provide a pictorial history of Nebraska's ever-changing cropping system and, hopefully, to stimulate ideas and discussion with regard to trends and future directions. The Nebraska Water Resources Center is deeply interested in both the past and the future of Nebraska's agriculture because of the demands which agriculture places on the state's water resources. An …

Turbulence Spectra Above A Vegetated Surface Under Conditions Of Sensible Heat Advection, Raymond P. Motha, Shashi B. Verma, Norman J. Rosenberg

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

Spectra of vertical and horizontal velocity, air temperature and humidity fluctuations were analyzed from measurements made over a well-watered alfalfa crop under conditions of sensible heat advection. Vertical velocity and air temperature spectra as well as cospectra of momentum, sensible heat and water vapor were found to be dependent on atmospheric thermal stratification. These spectra and cospectra were shifted toward higher frequencies under advective as compared to lapse conditions. These results indicate that the predominant eddy sizes are relatively smaller under advective conditions. Humidity spectra, on the other hand, were independent of daytime thermal stratification conditions but were influenced by …

Extreme Evapotranspiration By Irrigated Alfalfa: A Consequence Of The 1976 Midwestern Drought, Norman J. Rosenberg, Shashi B. Verma

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

The rate of evapotranspiration by irrigated alfalfa at Mead, NE (41°09'Nj 96°30'W, elevation 354 m) reached record levels in 1976. Evapotranspiration was measured with precision weighing lysimeters in a field 1.9 ha in size. Evapotranspiration ranged during the growing season from 4.75 to 14.22 mm day^-l and exceeded 10 mm day^-I on one-third of the days studied. On each day of study the ratio of latent heat flux density (LE) to the sum of the net radiation and soil heat flux densities (Rn+S) was such that LE/ (Rn+S) > 1, indicating the occurrence of significant …

Final Report Buffalo National River Ecosystems Part Iv, R. E. Babcock, E. E. Dale, R. L. Meyer, D. G. Parker, E. G. Smith, M. D. Springer

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Sampling point locations and analytical procedures remained unchanged from those outlined in previous Buffalo National River Ecosystem reports. The only significant change in analytical procedures was a reversion to the glass fiber filter method for collection and extraction of samples for chlorophyll analysis. This change was neeessitated by a need for filtering a larger volume to obtain enough chlorophyll for an accurate measurement. Samples were collected monthly from April 9 through December 30. No samples were taken in January or February due to the extremely uncertain traveling conditions caused by the frequent snows. Prior research indicates that the December 30 …

An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Dredging Within The Arkansas River Navigation System - Volume I - Introduction, Summary And Conclusions, And Recommendations, Arkansas Water Resources Research Center

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The foundation for the development of the Arkansas River was laid with the authorization of many upstream reservoirs in the comprehensive River and Harbor Act of 1946 signed by President Truman. Subsequent authorizations were forthcoming and work began on many of the bank stabilization facilities in 1950 and on the major structures in 1957. The current McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System was substantially completed in 1972. The authorized multiple-purpose plan for the Arkansas River and tributaries provided for the construction of coordinated developments in the interests of navigation, hydroelectric power, flood control, bank stabilization, and related benefits including recreation and …

Buffalo National River Ecosystem - Part Iii, M. D. Springer, E. B. Smith, D. G. Parker, R. L. Meyer, E. E. Dale, R. E. Babcock

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Samples for water quality analyses and phycological studies were taken from the nine standard sampling locations on the Buffalo River nine times during the period from March 1976 through February 1977. The April-June 1976 samples represent nearly identical conditions throughout the spring period; therefore, emphasis was placed on taxonomic research. As the early January sample was considered sufficient~y reflective of stable winter conditions, the December and February periods were. used for detailed microscopic examination of the rich and diverse diatom flora that was found in the river this year. A total of 273 taxa of diatoms were identified from the …

Landsat Linear Trend Analysis - A Tool For Groundwater Exploration In Northern Arkansas, H. C. Macdonald, Kenneth F. Steele, Elizabeth Gaines

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Intelligent development of groundwater resources is a process that requires a thorough understanding of the availability and movement of groundwater. In northern Arkansas knowledge of the deep aquifers is fairly limited, perhaps because economic factors and uncertain yields have discouraged exploitation. The development of these deeper aquifers to their fullest potential as reliable water sources depends on the delineation of high yield areas, a process that may be facilitated by linear trend analysis as outlined in this study. Satellite and photolineament maps of the 13 counties were prepared by use of LANDSAT images and Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service photo …

Effects Of Stream Channel Improvements On Downstream Floods, Yang H. Huang, Ronald K. Gaynor

KWRRI Research Reports

This report presents a self-calibrating watershed model for predicting the effect of channel improvements on downstream floods. The model is called MOPSET because it is a modified version of OPSET developed several years ago at the University of Kentucky. OPSET is a computerized procedure for determining an optimum set of parameter values by matching synthesized flows with recorded flows. Major modifications include the replacement of the modified Muskingum method of channel routing by a kinematic finite difference method, the division of the watershed into a number of segments, and the inclusion of a storage routing procedure to take care of …

Final Report - Lake Mead Monitoring Program, James E. Deacon

Publications (WR)

The Lake Mead monitoring program has developed a substantial body of information on the physical, chemical and biological limnology of Lake Mead since 1972. This report summarizes pertinent aspects of that data, with emphasis on studies completed in 1975 -76. It is our continuing hope that the data developed by us will be useful to an ever broader group of users of the water resource represented by Lake Mead. We have been privileged to see our data have a significant influence in some very important water resource decisions over the past four years. There is every reason to expect that …

Buffalo National River Ecosystems - Part Ii, R. E. Babcock, E. E. Dale, H. C. Macdonald, R. L. Meyer, D. G. Parker, E. B. Smith, K. F. Steele

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The priorities were established for the Buffalo National River Ecosystem Studies through meetings and correspondence with Mr. Roland Wauer and other personnel of the Office of Natural Sciences, Southwest Region of the National Park Service. These priorities were set forth in the appendix of contract no. CX 700050443 dated May 21, 1975.

An Evaluation Of The Effects Of Dredging Within The Arkansas River Navigation System, Volume Iv - The Effects Upon The Benthic Associations, Louise Russert Kraemer

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The huge and increasing volume of dredged materials being moved in and from the bottoms of waterways of the U.S. is probably well known to the reader. Lee and Plumb (1974) distinguish between the 2 forms of dredging: (1) mining the bottom sediments (as in shell dredging), and (2) developing and maintaining navigable waterways. They indicate some 380,000,000 cubic yards are dredged annually in this country; maintenance dredging accounting for about 80,000,000 cy, and new construction for about 300,000,000 cy.* These figures (based on 5 yr. averages) do not include dredging by private companies. Smith (1975) comments: "With federal dredging …