Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Lava-Seawater Interactions At Shallow-Water Submarine Lava Flows, Francis J. Sansone, Joseph A. Resing, Gordon W. Tribble, Peter N. Sedwick, Kevin M. Kelly, Ken Hon

OES Faculty Publications

Hydrothermal plumes associated with nearshore lava flows from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii were studied on five occasions during 1989-1990 to address the current lack of data on direct lava-seawater interactions. The following enrichments were found in the sea-surface hydrothermal plumes above the active underwater lava flows: H₂, 15,000x ambient seawater concentrations; Mn, 250x; and Si, 20x. Water temperatures reached 46°C. Lower concentrations and temperatures were observed in the plumes with increasing distance from shore, with H₂, Si, and Mn concentrations linearly related to seawater temperature. Unlike deep sea spreading center hydrothermal plumes, no CH₄ enrichment was …

Determination Of Optimal Timing Of Poultry Waste Disposal By Meteorological, Hydrological, And Water Quality Modeling Techniques, D. R. Edwards, T. C. Daniel

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Approximately one million Mg of broiler litter were generated in conjunction with Arkansas' 1989 broiler production. Common practices for disposal of the waste have the potential to damage the quality of downstream rivers and lakes. This possibility is enhanced due to the concentration of broiler production in areas of the state with shallow soils, steep slopes, and limited suitable disposal area. Since the risk of pollution is greatest immediately following disposal and increases with rainfall depth and intensity, adverse water quality impacts may be mitigated by timing the application to coincide with low probability of surface losses of the nutrients …

The Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Of The White River National Wildlife Refuge, Steve W. Chordas Iii, George L. Harp

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The primary purpose of this study was to survey the diversity of the aquatic macroinvertebrates of the White River National Wildlife Refuge (WRNWR). Determining relative abundance and distributional and seasonal patterns were secondary objectives. No comprehensive investigations of the WRNWR aquatic macroinvertebrates had been conducted previously, and it was hypothesized that this relatively undisturbed area may serve as a refugium. Further, this study provides base line data by which management programs can be composed. Thirty sampling stations were established within the WRNWR. Samples were collected from north to south at a basic rate of five stations per month. Revisit collections …

Water Quality As Affected By Pesticides In Rice Production, W. G. Johnson, T. L. Lavy, J. D. Mattice, B. W. Skulman, R. E. Talbert, R. J. Smith

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Studies were conducted to determine the environmental persistence of the rice pesticides triclopyr, 2,4-D, benomyl and quinclorac. Triclopyr half-lives ranged from <7 d to >100 d depending on depth within the soil profile and clay content. Triclopyr persistence increased as depth within the profile increased and clay content increased. The benomyl metabolite MBC was present at greater than 50% of the initial amount after 9 months in the field. In simulated carryover field studies quinclorac exhibited the greatest potential for injury to subsequent rotational crops. Cotton and soybean growth was reduced when planted at four weeks after quinclorac application. The adsorption of triclopyr …

Determination Of The Abient Toxicity Of The Tailwater Of Nimrod Lake, John T. Knight

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The objective of this research was to determine if ambient toxicity exists in the receiving stream below a reservoir in which water from the hypolimnion is released. The Ceriodaphnia 7-day test was utilized to determine if toxicity existed. This test is routinely used in the monitoring of municipal and industrial effluent. It has also been utilized in determining if ambient toxicity exists within receiving streams. Nimrod Lake is a flood control impoundment on the Fourche LaFave River in west central Arkansas. The literature suggest that during stratification the hypolimnetic release contains high levels of iron, manganese, ammonia and sulfide during …

The Association Of Water Quality Parameters, Geological Substrates And Periphyton Community Structure, Richard L. Meyer, Julia Christensen Eichman

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

This research was designed to understand the structure of epilithic diatom assemblage of a first-to-third order stream system which has minimal variance in nutrient concentration, but significant differences in geomorphological character. The primary objective was to determine the importance of geological substrate on the structure of the diatom assemblages. The second objective was to examine the effect of flow on these assemblages, and the third part of the research was to develop a seasonal model of temporal and spatial annual succession. The temporal and spatial models represent the effect of seasons, stream order, substrate characteristics, storm events, and periods of …

Grape Density Records And Density Cyclicity, Eystein Jansen, Larry A. Mayer, Shipboard Scientific Party

Affiliate Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Ontong Java Plateau, Leg 130: Synopsis Of Major Drilling Results, W. H. Berger, Loren W. Kroenke, Larry A. Mayer, Shipboard Scientific Party

Affiliate Scholarship

Sixteen holes were drilled at five sites on the northeastern flank of Ontong Java Plateau during Leg 130 (Sites 803 through 807). All of these sites are near the equator, but are at different depths (803: 02°26.0'N, 3410 m; 804: 01°00.3'N, 3861 m; 805: 01°13.7'N, 3188 m; 806: 00°19.1'N, 2520 m; and 807: 03°36.4'N, 2805 m). One of our goals was to obtain a depth transect of Neogene carbonate deposition for reconstructing the history of ocean climate, chemistry, and productivity, and for understanding the origin of acoustic reflectors. Another goal was to achieve considerable penetration into basement for elucidating the …

High-Resolution, Whole-Core Magnetic Susceptibility Data From Leg 130, Ontong Java Plateau, John A. Tarduno, Larry A. Mayer, Robert Musgrave

Affiliate Scholarship

High-resolution, whole-core magnetic susceptibility data, recorded at 3-cm intervals, were obtained for advanced hydraulic piston (APC) cores at Sites 805, 806, and 807 of Leg 130 on the Ontong Java Plateau. In this initial report, we present a preliminary evaluation of these data for their use in core correlations and paleoclimatic studies. The data allow detailed intrasite correlations between the offset APC cores and provide a means for intersite correlations of Pleistocene sediments. Variations in magnetic susceptibility values probably mirror variations in terrestrial influx and may act as proxy indicators of climate. Highly coherent cyclicity, representing Milankovitch orbital frequencies, is …

Performance Of Annual Legumes And Their Mixes Under Different Crop:Pasture Rotation., P. Evans

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 86KA64, 86KA65 and 86KA66

Performance of annual legumes and their mixtures under different crop:pasture rotations.

Seed reserves, especially in the 1:1 rotation treatment, are on average below 100 kg/ha and in many cases below 50 kg/ha for all three soil types. Because of this the 1991 season will be used to fertilize, control weeds, and apply a grazing management system to favour legume production and seed set. No crop will be sown in 1991.

Sub clover flowering, sequential sowings.

Location: Katanning

To provide seven different temperature and photoperiod regimes, eight cultivars of sub clover ranging in maturity from Nungarin …

The Kinetics Of Organic Matter Mineralization In Anoxic Marine Sediments, David J. Burdige

OES Faculty Publications

The kinetics of sulfate reduction and inorganic nutrient production (ΣCO_2, ammonium, and phosphate) were examined in the sediments at five sites in the southern Chesapeake Bay, using long term (> 200 d) sediment decomposition experiments. Average first order rate constants for these processes (at 25^oC) decreased from 8.2 to 3.7 yr^-1 in the surface sediments (0-2 cm), to 2.1 to 0.2 yr^-1 at 12-14 cm. The C/N and C/P ratios of the organic matter undergoing decomposition also increased with depth at these sites. Taken together, these results indicate that the reactivity of the organic matter …

Reservoir Sedimentation Studies, D C. Boudurant, R H. Livesey

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District

It must be recognized that, when a reservoir is constructed on a stream, all or most of the sediment transported into the reservoir by the stream will be deposited there. With few exceptions, there is no practical method for reducing or eliminating the sediment inflow; thus it is necessary to anticipate and to provide for resulting problems. The major problem is, of course, the accumulative loss of storage capacity. Other items of importance include the distribution of the sediment with respect to various storage increments, the effect on the chemical or physical quality of the water, ecological effects, and the …

Trace Metals And Pyrite In Sediments Of Chesapeake Bay, Robert S. Kluckhohn

OES Theses and Dissertations

The formation and cycling of iron sulfides within anoxic sediments can affect the cycling of trace metals. The sediments at station CB-27 (near Annapolis, Maryland) in Chesapeake Bay were rich in FeS (39% of TS), low in greigite (3.6% of TS), and has a relatively constant pyrite concentration (50 - 60% of TS) with depth. The percent composition of total metals in pyrite were 25.7% cu, 11.8% Zn, 15.8% Fe, and non-detectable to 2.1% Cd. At Station CB- 28 (near the Choptank River), the sediments were low in FeS (1.7% of TS), richer in greigite (up to 14% of TS), …

The Role Of Longshore Sediment Transport In The Loss Of Fill Material From An Estuarine Groin System, R. Neville Reynolds

OES Theses and Dissertations

The influence of shoreline structures on longshore sediment transport and the evolution of a stable beach planform was investigated at Willoughby Spit, Virginia following the placement of 410,590 cubic meters of beach fill within a groin system. Shoreline changes and wave conditions in a single groin compartment, and the growth rate of a downdrift terminal spit were monitored during 1985 and 1986. Short term fluctuations in the shoreline position within the groin compartment suggested an episodic westerly movement of sediment through the groin system. Primary sediment moving events were associated with northerly winds which produced waves up to 50 cm …

Land Management Manual. Merredin Advisory District, F. Frost, M Howell

Natural resources published reports

Farming by soil type recognizes that each major soil unit has specific land use capabilities. 'When developing a farm management programme, understanding and appreciating the productive potential and degradation hazard of each soil unit ensures that production systems can be developed which are 'sustainable. The aim of this land management manual is to describe the climatic and geological features of the district and provide definitions of each of the major soil units and 'current management recommendations. The material is designed to be used as an information base for farm planners.

Thes oil units described are for the Merredin advisory district …

An Evaluation Of The Effect Of Discharging A High Quality Effluent Into A Small Ozark Mountain Stream, David G. Parker, Floyd E. Cotter, Sandra C. Parker

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Recently the newly constructed Fayetteville wastewater treatment plant went on line and directed a portion of its discharge to a point in the Mud Creek drainage basin that had previously not received any effluent. Prior to the discharge, a background study had been performed to establish the water quality in the basin. The background data, when compared to the data collected by this study, allowed any alteration of the stream water quality to be evaluated. Also the modeling procedure used to set the effluent limits for the treatment plant was analyzed. All stream data were compared to the limits set …

Fate Of Nitrogen From The Disposal Of Poultry Litter: A Simulation Approach, B. A. Ibrahim, H D. Scott

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

A computer program was written to simulate the transport of nitrogen after an application of poultry litter to a pasture. The program was written in FORTRAN 77 to run on an IBM PC/AT or compatible personal computer or on a Sun SPARCSTATION. Simulation of water, solute and heat transport was by finite difference. Partition of rainfall into infiltration and runoff was by the SCS curve number method. A comparison was made of the computer model output with the results of a field experiment established at the Main Agricultural Experiment Station at Fayetteville. Poultry litter was applied at a rate of …

Virus Reduction By The Stanford Onsite Wastewater Treatment System, Mark A. Gross

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

A field study to examine the Stanford Onsite Wastewater Treatment System's ability to remove bacteriophage from wastewater was conducted. MS2 Coliphage was Injected Into the low pressure pipe (LPP) distribution system to achieve an Influent concentration of 1.6 x 106 plague forming units per milliliter (PFU/ml). The bacteriophage was Injected Into the system three times during the day, and samples were taken from drainage tiles of the treatment system. Tile drainage was assayed on conform bacteria host cultures for MS2 phage. The treatment system removed two to three logs (99% to 99.9%) of the phage. During the past two years, …

A Preliminiary Investigation To Determine The Economic Implications Of The "404" Permit For Constructing Agriculturally Related Reservoirs In Arkansas, Richard K. Ford, Charles R. Britton

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

A descriptive inquiry of the economic consequences of federal regulations which restrict the construction of agriculturally related reservoirs in Arkansas's wetlands is presented in this report. The applicable economic principles are identifyed and applied to the situation without the quantifiable information necessary to evaluate the alternatives. The difficulty of collecting the required quantifiable information necessitates the formulation of a different technique to unravel the dilemma. An alternative method for resolving the wetlands allocation question is presented for a public sector decision maker. This unconventional technique suggests that it may be desirable to estimate and compare the costs associated with the …

Optimal Reservoir Design Criteria In Conjuctive Use Of Surface Water And Groundwater For Soybean Irrigation In Eastern Arkansas, D. R. Edwards, J. A. Ferguson

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

A computer simulation model, named Arkansas Offstream Reservoir Analysis (ARORA) was developed to simulate present worth of net income from soybean production systems for conditions varying with respect to ground water availability, offstream reservoir capacity, and many other variables. Additional algorithms were incorporated into the model to enable it to optimize reservoir dimensions given realistic constraints and to identify the reservoir capacity corresponding to maximum present worth of simulated net income. The model was written in FORTRAN programming language and requires significant input data in order to provide significant flexibility with respect to the situations which may be accomodated. The …

Presentation Of Verified Algal Taxa As Reference Sources - Phase Ii, Richard L. Meyer

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The focus of this research project was to continue the development of a photographic system which would record living organisms using various forms of light microscopy with correct color and with arrested movement. These demands dictate the use of an electronic flash source with metering and control system located in a position following the passage of the light through the optical train. The system developed uses off-the-shelf components with a modified flashtube holder which positions the tube in the axis of the light beam between the field and iris diaphragm. The light is measured off-the-film so that light from the …

Dew Chemistry, G. H. Wagner

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

From July, 1989 to July 1990 a total of 98 dews and 9 frosts were collected at the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville. The total water flux from dews and frosts per year is less than 2% of that from rains. Acid and nutrient fluxes are also much lower in dew. In the following series of ions the number in parenthesis gives the % of the yearly flux of the ion in dew compared to rain for an average year: H+ (0.08), Ca2+ (23), Mg2+(9), K+(20), Na+(5), NH+(12), Cl-(7), S02/4-(5) and N0-/3 (6). A typical dew has a …

A Comparison Of Metals In Several Ahermatypic Corals And Surficial Sediments: Mobile Pinnacles And Hoffa Reef, Northcentral Gulf Of Mexico, Kathryn M. Conko

OES Theses and Dissertations

Metal concentrations in marine sediment and carbonate secreting invertebrates are representative of surrounding environmental chemistry. Aluminum, Ba Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn were measured in carbonate and terrigenous phases of the $<$63 um fraction of sediment samples from two locations in the northcentral Gulf of Mexico. Enrichment factors indicate that Al, Ba, Cu, Cr, Mg, Mn, and Ni are all slightly depleted in these sediments relative to crustal abundances. Discriminant function analyses shows that the concentrations of five elements differ between locations.

Ahermatypic coral (106 specimens) from five genera collected from the study sites were analyzed for Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, Mn, Sr, Ba, Fe, Ca and Mg. Eight elements vary between some genera, Al and Ba also vary in concentration in corals between either location. All elements except Sr are significantly depleted in the coral with respect to Ca in the …

The Effect Of Industrial Development On The Sediment Contamination Of Apponaug Cove, A Historical Analysis, Marina Havan-Orumieh

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Sediment cores have long been used to formulate the chronology of environmental contamination. This paper will investigate the utility of sediment cores in determining the chronology of trace metal contamination in Apponaug Cove, Rhode Island. A meter-long sediment core taken from the Cove was analyzed for chromium, copper, lead, zinc and nickel as well as organic pollutants coprostanol, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, benzotriazole and clorobenzotriazole. The core represents a close to 200 year record of sediments in Apponaug Cove. The cultural/economic changes in the Watershed in addition to environmental laws composed in the State and Federal levels which may have correlated with …

An Economic Model For Evaluating Strategies On The South Coast Of W.A. Which Reduce Wind Erosion : Documentation, A D. Bathgate

Resource management technical reports

The sandplain region on the south coast has predominately sandy soils which are subject to erosive winds when ground cover is likely to be scarce. This can often result in production losses of crop and pasture. There is concern that wind erosion will lead to the depletion of the soil resource in the long term. The model is multi-period linear programming with a planning horizon of 10 years. Effects of wind erosion on production can be imposed on the model for the first five years after the erosion event.

Arkansas Water Resources Research Center Pamphlet, Kenneth F. Steele

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

Arkansas Water Resources Center (AWRC) works closely with state and federal agencies and academic institutions. Priority research categories are: surface water analysis, ground water pollution, surface and ground water quality/quanity, and water resource management.

Evaluation Of Trifolium Pasture Species On A Summer Moist Joel Sub Soil North West Of Harvey., R. Snowball

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 90HA2

Introduce a range of long season annual pasture species and 1 perennial species in order to utilize summer sub soil moisture more effectively than the existing subterranean clover pastures.

Stunt Patch Disorder Of Lupins., Miles Dracup

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 89ME1 and 90ME5

Stunt patch disorder of lupins.

Location: Merredin.

Studies on the disorder have been initiated (89ME1 and 90ME5) on two sites 15 km south of Merredin. This report will summarize data on:

1) The soil;

2) Soil strength and lupin emergence on 90ME5; and

3) Soil chemical and physical characteristics associated with the patches on 89ME1 (investigations by A. Thomson for B Sc (Agric) dissertation).

Trial 90PE56

Understanding the importance of moisture and temperature in the seedbed on establishment of lupin.

However, despite their importance in determining the success of establishment, there have been few attempts to …

Demonstration Of Pasture Cultivars On Various Soil Types In The Geraldton Distict., Brad Nutt

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 90GE13

Demonstration of pasture cultivars on a Chapman Valley red/brown sandy loam.

Location: Northern Gulley,

SOIL TYPE: Red/brown sandy loam pH 5 . 4 (water)

Trial 90GE14

Demonstration of pasture cultivars on a gravelly grey sand at Allanooka.

Location: Allanooka.

SOIL TYPE: Gravelly grey sand, pH 5.8 (water)

Trial 90GE15

Demonstration of pasture cultivars on an Eradu sandplain soil.

Location: Ogilivie.

SOIL TYPE: Deep yellow loamy sand, pH 6.0 (water)

Trial 90GE16

Demonstration of pasture cultivars on a low rainfall maasive red earth at Mullewa.

Location: Mullewa.

SOIL TYPE: Red sandy clay loam pH 6.2 (water)

Wheat Responses To Levels, Sources And Times Of Application Of Nitrogen., J. W. Bowden, S. J. Burgess, R. J. Lunt, Ian Fillery

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 90M055

Associated work: 90NO112, 105,104.111, 90MO53, 54,56

Location: Dandaragan

This project characterizes the dynamics of nitrogen supply to a wheat crop at each of the sites on which various methods of making fertilizer recommendation were tested. It supposedly provides the "optimum" nitrogen fertilizer regime as well as detailed information on nitrogen supply and demand so that results can be made transferable to other situations.

Trial 90MO56

Related trials: 90NO104, 105, 111, 112; 90MO53, 54,55

Tactical nitrogen application for wheat

Location: Danaragan

This project compares tactical and strategic methods for determining nitrogen requirements of wheat. The tactical methods depend on …