Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Climate

Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 3481 - 3510 of 3674

Full-Text Articles in Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Announcements: June 1998 Jun 1998

Announcements: June 1998

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

Contents:

Western Drought Coordination Council Products Available

Go to article

Implications Of Climate Change For Soil Moisture Availability In Turkey’S Southeastern Anatolia Project Region, Ali Umran Komuscu Jun 1998

Implications Of Climate Change For Soil Moisture Availability In Turkey’S Southeastern Anatolia Project Region, Ali Umran Komuscu

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

The Southeast Anatolia Development Project (known as GAP) is a multifaceted development project for agriculture and water resources within the Turkish portions of the Euphrates and Tigris river basins. Through this project, the vulnerability of the region to drought has been investigated in both temporal and spatial terms. On completion of the project, 28% of the total water potential of Turkey will be brought under control through facilities on the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, which have a joint flow of more than 50 billion m3 (GAP Regional Development Administration, 1997). The GAP project aims to irrigate 8.5 million hectares …

Go to article

No Droughts Over India Following Very Strong El Niño Episodes, R. H. Kripalani, Ashwini Kulkarni Jun 1998

No Droughts Over India Following Very Strong El Niño Episodes, R. H. Kripalani, Ashwini Kulkarni

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

One of the external factors responsible for the interannual variability of Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR—June through September) is the El Niño phenomenon. About half of the droughts over India have been related to this phenomenon. Other external factors, such as the Eurasian snow, also affect the year-to-year variability of the ISMR. It is believed that in such cases, the ISMR becomes locked into its own internal dynamics.

Go to article

Improving Drought Management And Planning Through Better Monitoring In Africa, Tsegaye Tadesse Jun 1998

Improving Drought Management And Planning Through Better Monitoring In Africa, Tsegaye Tadesse

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

Drought is part of the environment. It occurs in every part of the globe and adversely affects the lives of a large number of people, causing considerable damage to economies, the environment, and property. It also affects countries differently, having a greater impact on countries with poor economic conditions.

Recurrent drought in Africa in the last 30 years has had a disastrous effect on an economic and social situation that already had serious problems. Today, in the aftermath of these devastating droughts, planning and preparedness have become more important. Most disasters, including droughts, are no accident. They are made by …

Go to article

Australia’S National Drought Policy Continues To Evolve, David H. White Jun 1998

Australia’S National Drought Policy Continues To Evolve, David H. White

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

Australia is an arid continent with a high variability in its annual rainfall. Given the frequency and severity of droughts and the consequent high financial and social costs to the nation and to individuals, and the associated potential for further degradation of the land, a national policy on drought was clearly needed.

Australia’s National Drought Policy (NDP) was ratified by the state and Commonwealth (federal) governments in 1992 (White, 1993; White et al., 1993; White and O’Meagher, 1995). Its aims are to:

• encourage primary producers and other sections of rural Australia to adopt self-reliant approaches to managing for climatic …

Go to article

From The Director: June 1998, Donald A. Wilhite Jun 1998

From The Director: June 1998, Donald A. Wilhite

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

The 1997–98 El Niño event has certainly raised the public’s level of awareness of the impact of climate on society. Although the concern in the United States has focused more on mitigating the potential effects of floods, not all regions of the country are dealing with water surplus situations. An emerging drought in Montana and parts of some surrounding states has caught the attention of scientists and policy makers in recent months. Worldwide, droughts in Central America, Mexico, Brazil, Hawaii, some Pacific island nations, Indonesia, Australia, southern Africa, and elsewhere have attracted the attention of scientists, policy makers, and the …

Go to article

Ua52/1 Hail Storm Memories, Wku Archives Apr 1998

Ua52/1 Hail Storm Memories, Wku Archives

WKU Administration Documents

Memories of WKU faculty, staff, alumni and the general public regarding the 1988 hail storm solicited by WKU Archives.

Go to article

An Analytical Study Of Ozone Feedbacks On Kelvin And Rossby–Gravity Waves: Effects On The Qbo, Eugene Cordero, Terrence R. Nathan, Robert S. Echols Mar 1998

An Analytical Study Of Ozone Feedbacks On Kelvin And Rossby–Gravity Waves: Effects On The Qbo, Eugene Cordero, Terrence R. Nathan, Robert S. Echols

Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science

An equatorial beta-plane model of the middle atmosphere is used to analytically examine the effects of radiative cooling and ozone heating on the spatial and temporal evolution of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). Under the assumption that the diabatic heating is weak and the background fields of wind, temperature, and ozone are slowly varying, a perturbation analysis yields expressions describing the vertical spatial modulation of Kelvin and Rossby–gravity waves in the presence of ozone. These expressions show that wave-induced changes in the diabatic heating arising from the advection of basic-state ozone reduce the local radiative damping rate by up to 15% …

Go to article

How To Reduce Drought Risk, Cody Knutson, Mike Hayes, Tom Phillips Mar 1998

How To Reduce Drought Risk, Cody Knutson, Mike Hayes, Tom Phillips

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

This guide describes a practical step-by-step process for identifying actions that can be taken to reduce potential drought-related impacts before a drought occurs. Step 1 begins with making sure that the right people are brought together and supplied with adequate data to make informed and equitable decisions during the process. Steps 2 and 3 narrow the focus of the study by identifying high priority drought-related impacts that are relevant to the user’s location or activity. Step 4 demonstrates that in order to reduce the potential for the identified impacts to occur in the future, it is necessary to understand the …

Go to article

Spring Crops In Bulgaria Damaged By 1996 Summer Drought, Nikola Slavov, Vesselin Alexandrov Feb 1998

Spring Crops In Bulgaria Damaged By 1996 Summer Drought, Nikola Slavov, Vesselin Alexandrov

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

Studies suggest there is a decreasing trend in precipitation in both north and south Bulgaria because of precipitation deficiencies in the 1940s and since the 1970s. Bulgaria has experienced several summer drought episodes during the last century, most notably in the 1940s and 1980s. There has been a decreasing trend in precipitation during the potential crop-growing season since the end of the 1970s, and the number of 10-day dry spells during this season has increased since the beginning of the 1970s. In the course of the last 3 decades, there was a decreasing trend in precipitation during the non-growing season …

Go to article

Announcements: February 1998 Feb 1998

Announcements: February 1998

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

Contents:

Hazards and Sustainability: Contemporary Issues in Risk Management

Hazards–98: Seventh International Symposium on Natural and Man-made Hazards

Water: A Looming Crisis? International Conference on World Water Resources at the Beginning of the 21st Century

Disaster Forum ’98

National Conference on Lifesaving Intervention

New Book: Reaching the Unreached: Challenges for the 21st Century

Go to article

Droughts In Poland, 1951-90, R. Farat, M. Kepinska - Kasprzak, P. Kowalczak, P. Mager Feb 1998

Droughts In Poland, 1951-90, R. Farat, M. Kepinska - Kasprzak, P. Kowalczak, P. Mager

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

One of the negative features of Poland’s climate is the periodic occurrence of atmospheric droughts. The most frequent source of this phenomenon is the occurrence of long-term (sometimes lasting several weeks) rainless periods. The occurrence of these periods is connected with the persistence of a stationary east European high that joins with the Azores anticyclone via central Europe. In such situations, with the accompanying lack or insufficiency of atmospheric precipitation, a drought begins to develop gradually. First, a soil drought appears, followed by hydrologic drought. During a hydrologic drought, a decrease in the ground water flow into surface waters is …

Go to article

India, Indonesia Experiencing Opposite Effects From 1997 El Niño, R. H. Kripalani, Ashwini Kulkarni Feb 1998

India, Indonesia Experiencing Opposite Effects From 1997 El Niño, R. H. Kripalani, Ashwini Kulkarni

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

It is now well recognized that the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is the single most important cause of year-to-year climatic variability. Several studies have documented that a majority of the warm extremes (El Niño events) cause below-normal rainfall over Indonesia, while cold extremes (La Niña events) cause above-normal rainfall over India.

During the current ongoing El Niño episode, temperature anomalies in the Niño 1+2, Niño 3, and Niño 3.4 regions have been the largest values observed in the last 50 years. The pattern of anomalous tropical convection with enhanced activity across the central and eastern equatorial Pacific and suppressed …

Go to article

Planning For The Next Drought: A National Drought Mitigation Center Workshop Sponsored By The U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation And The National Governors’ Association Feb 1998

Planning For The Next Drought: A National Drought Mitigation Center Workshop Sponsored By The U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation And The National Governors’ Association

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

The drought that gripped the Southwest and southern Great Plains states in 1996 was the most recent reminder of the nation’s continuing and apparently increasing vulnerability to drought. Although drought is a common feature in the West, it is a normal part of the climate of each region of the United States: drought struck the Southeast in 1986; most of the country, especially the Midwest and Plains states, in 1988–89; the West from 1987 to 1992; and the Northeast in 1995. Experiences from each of these droughts reinforce the need for advance planning. Even though drought is a slow-onset disaster, …

Go to article

Quarterly Report Provides Assessment Of Western Water Supply Indicators Feb 1998

Quarterly Report Provides Assessment Of Western Water Supply Indicators

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

A new quarterly report, Western Climate and Water Status, provides decision makers in the western United States with a comprehensive assessment of water supply indicators that can give early warning of emerging droughts. A product of the Western Drought Coordination Council, the report is an important new connection between scientists and policy makers.

Go to article

From The Director: February 1998, Donald A. Wilhite Feb 1998

From The Director: February 1998, Donald A. Wilhite

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

If it seems like considerable time has elapsed since you received the last issue of Drought Network News, it is not just your imagination. After much discussion, we decided not to publish the newsletter in October 1997. First, we had a limited number of submissions to include. Second, the task of editing the manuscript for a new drought book was an overwhelming task that was involving much of my time and that of my publications specialist, Deborah Wood. She is also responsible for Drought Network News. With more submissions and the near completion of the drought book, I …

Go to article

China’S Drought Climate Monitoring System, Zhu Changhan, Zhang Qiang, Wu Hong Feb 1998

China’S Drought Climate Monitoring System, Zhu Changhan, Zhang Qiang, Wu Hong

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

In China, about 50% of the country is in arid and semiarid regions. Drought is the most severe climate disaster to affect China, and it causes significant reductions in grain yields. The area affected annually by drought has been estimated at about 20 million ha, which accounts for 59% of the total area affected by disasters. When severe droughts occur, they can affect as much as 33 million ha.

To monitor the occurrence and development of droughts efficiently and provide information on the strength and range of droughts and floods, the China Drought–Flood Climate Monitoring System was developed by the …

Go to article

Chapter 2 Climate, Donald A. Wilhite, Kenneth G. Hubbard Jan 1998

Chapter 2 Climate, Donald A. Wilhite, Kenneth G. Hubbard

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

The broad climatic patterns of the Sand Hills region are also characteristic of the central Great Plains environment. The spatial and temporal patterns of these climatic variables have a significant effect on the natural resources of the region.

Go to article

Data Assimilation Experiments In The Gulf Stream Region: How Useful Are Satellite-Derived Surface Data For Nowcasting The Subsurface Fields?, Tal Ezer, George L. Mellor Dec 1997

Data Assimilation Experiments In The Gulf Stream Region: How Useful Are Satellite-Derived Surface Data For Nowcasting The Subsurface Fields?, Tal Ezer, George L. Mellor

CCPO Publications

Satellite-derived surface data have become an important source of information for studies of the Gulf Stream system. The question of just how useful these datasets are for nowcasting the subsurface thermal fields, however, remains to be fully explored. Three types of surface data-sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height (SSH), and Gulf Stream position (GSP)-are used here in a series of data assimilation experiments to test their usefulness when assimilated into a realistic primitive equation model. The U.S. Navy's analysis fields from the Optimal Thermal Interpolation System are used to simulate the surface data and to evaluate nowcast errors. Correlation …

Go to article

An Analysis Of Tropical Transport: Influence Of The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, Eugene C. Cordero, S. Randolph Kawa, Mark R. Schoeberl Jul 1997

An Analysis Of Tropical Transport: Influence Of The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, Eugene C. Cordero, S. Randolph Kawa, Mark R. Schoeberl

Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science

An analysis of over 4 years of Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) measurements of CH4, HF, O3, and zonal wind are used to study the influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on constituent transport in the tropics. At the equator, spectral analysis of the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations reveals QBO signals in constituent and temperature fields at altitudes between 20 and 45 km. Between these altitudes, the location of the maximum QBO amplitude roughly corresponds with the location of the largest vertical gradient in the constituent field. Thus, at 40 …

Go to article

Simulations Of The Atlantic Ocean With A Free Surface Sigma Coordinate Ocean Model, Tal Ezer, George L. Mellor Jul 1997

Simulations Of The Atlantic Ocean With A Free Surface Sigma Coordinate Ocean Model, Tal Ezer, George L. Mellor

CCPO Publications

A sigma coordinate, free surface numerical model with turbulence dynamics has been implemented for the Atlantic Ocean and the Greenland Sea, from 80°S to 80°N. It is driven at the surface by monthly mean sea surface temperature and wind stress climatologies and is executed for 30 years. This is the first time that a model of this type, previously used mostly for coastal and regional simulations, has been implemented for the entire Atlantic Ocean and run for a long period of time. The model horizontal circulation, thermohaline overturning circulation, and meridional heat fluxes are described; the results are compared with …

Go to article

Agrometeorological Aspects Of Crop Production In Temperate Kashmir, Badrul Hasan Jun 1997

Agrometeorological Aspects Of Crop Production In Temperate Kashmir, Badrul Hasan

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

In our recent article on forecasting uncertain weather over temperate Kashmir (India) (Drought Network News, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 12–14), we tried to characterize the crop-growing environments by giving long-term means of various agrometeorological parameters (such as air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and hours of bright sunshine). Forecast analysis for changes in temperature and precipitation events indicated an overall reliability of about 50%. Changes in minimum temperature could be forecasted relatively more accurately than changes in maximum temperature. Precipitation events were more uncertain during summer (May to October), which happens to be an important season from the …

Go to article

National Drought Mitigation Center Involved In Development Of Natural Hazards Map, Michael J. Hayes Jun 1997

National Drought Mitigation Center Involved In Development Of Natural Hazards Map, Michael J. Hayes

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

The National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC) is involved in a project with several other agencies and organizations in Canada, Mexico, and the United States to develop a map of the major natural hazards that threaten North America. Work on the project began in February 1995. Since then, there have been three working group meetings, with the most recent meeting taking place in Guadalajara, Mexico, in February 1997. Project leaders include Dr. Chris Tucker (Emergency Preparedness Canada), Dr. Joe Golden (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA]), Dr. Rosalind Helz (U.S. Geological Society [USGS]), and Dr. Mario Ordaz- Schroeder (Centro Nacional de …

Go to article

Workshop On Drought And Desertification: Report On The Workshop And Recommendations, J. Lomas Jun 1997

Workshop On Drought And Desertification: Report On The Workshop And Recommendations, J. Lomas

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

The Workshop on Drought and Desertification was held in Israel from 26 to 30 May 1997. Forty-four participants from Africa, Asia, and Europe took part in the Workshop, which was sponsored by WMO. Three foreign experts provided in-depth analysis on drought and drought preparedness—Dr. O. Brunini (Campinas, Brazil), Prof. S. Mei (CAAS, Beijing, China), and Dr. D. Wilhite (University of Nebraska, USA), in addition to the Israeli lecturers.

Presentations by lecturers and discussions were conducted under the following four main headings:
1. Drought and Desertification Definitions.
2. Drought Causes and Management Response.
3. Drought Monitoring and Mitigation.
4. Assessing Drought …

Go to article

A Case Study Of The Deficit Spell Index For India’S Semiarid Delhi Region, K. K. Nathan Jun 1997

A Case Study Of The Deficit Spell Index For India’S Semiarid Delhi Region, K. K. Nathan

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

The Delhi region, the national capital region of India, is locked in by adjoining states like Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. Delhi has a characteristic continental type of climate, with extreme dryness, intensely hot summers, and dry cold winters. According to climatologists, this region is classified as semiarid tropical steppe. The monsoon rainfall is very erratic during June–September, which is the kharif crop-growing season. The monsoon breaks over the Delhi region between the first and second week of July and withdraws by the last week of September. The average annual rainfall is about 712.5 mm, of which 80% is contributed by …

Go to article

Ndmc Conducting Regional Drought Planning Workshops Jun 1997

Ndmc Conducting Regional Drought Planning Workshops

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

The National Drought Mitigation Center is conducting a series of regional workshops, “Planning for the Next Drought,” around the country in 1997 and 1998. The first workshop was in Albuquerque, New Mexico, July 28–30. Plans are underway to conduct similar workshops in other regions. A second workshop will probably be held in Salt Lake City in late 1997, followed by workshops in the Southeast and Midwest in 1998. Because the workshops are sponsored by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, there is no registration fee.

Go to article

Localized Severe Drought During 1996 And Its Impact On Crop Production In Raipur District Of Central India, J. S. Urkurkar, V. K. Koshta, Diwakar Naidu, A. S. R. A. S. Sastri Jun 1997

Localized Severe Drought During 1996 And Its Impact On Crop Production In Raipur District Of Central India, J. S. Urkurkar, V. K. Koshta, Diwakar Naidu, A. S. R. A. S. Sastri

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

In Raipur district, the onset of the monsoon occurred in the 25th standard meteorological week (June 18–24). But after the onset of monsoonal rains, there was a lull in the monsoon for about 2 consecutive weeks. In the 28th week (July 9–15), the district received 77.6 mm of rainfall. This was equal to the normal value for that week. In the following (29th) week, the district received 96.8 mm rainfall, 38.9% more than the normal rainfall for that week.

Thus, the rice, soybean, and other crops sown with the onset of the monsoon in the 25th week suffered from acute …

Go to article

From The Director: June 1997, Donald A. Wilhite Jun 1997

From The Director: June 1997, Donald A. Wilhite

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

Drought policy continues to be a topic of much discussion in the United States. On June 12, the Western Drought Coordination Council (WDCC) met for the first time and adopted a work plan for 1997–98. The WDCC is committed to improving drought management in the western states through mitigation and preparedness. It is hoped that this Council, representing a partnership between federal, state, local, and tribal government, will serve as a model for other drought-prone regions of the United States. Four working groups (preparedness and mitigation; monitoring, assessment, and prediction; response; and communications) established by the Council will meet in …

Go to article

Western Drought Coordination Council: Frequently Asked Questions, Donald A. Wilhite Jun 1997

Western Drought Coordination Council: Frequently Asked Questions, Donald A. Wilhite

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

Contents:

What is the Western Drought Coordination Council (WDCC)?

What does the WDCC hope to accomplish?

What prompted the formation of the Council?

Preparedness and Mitigation

Monitoring, Assessment, and Prediction

Response

Communications

To Whom does the WDCC report?

How do I get in touch with the Council?

Go to article

Announcements: June 1997 Jun 1997

Announcements: June 1997

Drought Network News (1994–2001)

Contents:

Regenerative Agriculture for the 21st Century

4th International Symposium on Environmental Geotechnology and Global Sustainable Development - Call for Abstracts

Go to article

First Prev Next Last