Other Mathematics Commons^™

New Operations Over Interval Valued Intuitionistic Hesitant Fuzzy Set, Florentin Smarandache, Said Broumi

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Hesitancy is the most common problem in decision making, for which hesitant fuzzy set can be considered as a useful tool allowing several possible degrees of membership of an element to a set. Recently, another suitable means were defined by Zhiming Zhang [1], called interval valued intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy sets, dealing with uncertainty and vagueness, and which is more powerful than the hesitant fuzzy sets. In this paper, four new operations are introduced on interval-valued intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy sets and several important properties are also studied.

New Operations On Interval Neutrosophic Sets, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

An interval neutrosophic set is an instance of a neutrosophic set, which can be used in real scientific and engineering applications. In this paper, three new operations based on the arithmetic mean, geometrical mean, and respectively harmonic mean are defined on interval neutrosophic sets.

Algebraic Generalization Of Venn Diagram, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

It is easy to deal with a Venn Diagram for 1 ≤ n ≤ 3 sets. When n gets larger, the picture becomes more complicated, that's why we thought at the following codification. That’s why we propose an easy and systematic algebraic way of dealing with the representation of intersections and unions of many sets.

Further Generalization Of N-D Distance And N-D Dependent Function In Extenics, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Prof. Cai Wen [1] defined the 1-D Distance and 1-D Dependent Function in 1983. F. Smarandache [6] generalized them to n-D Distance and n-D Dependent Function respectively in 2012 during his postdoc research at Guangdong University of Technology in Guangzhou. O. I. Şandru [7] extended the last results in 2013. Now [2015], as a further generalization, we unify all these results into a single formula for the n-D Distance and respectively for the n-D Dependent Function.

Neutrosophic Crisp Sets & Neutrosophic Crisp Topological Spaces, A. A. Salama, Florentin Smarandache, Valeri Kroumov

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper, we generalize the crisp topological space to the notion of neutrosophic crisp topological space, and we construct the basic concepts of the neutrosophic crisp topology. In addition to these, we introduce the definitions of neutrosophic crisp continuous function and neutrosophic crisp compact spaces. Finally, some characterizations concerning neutrosophic crisp compact spaces are presented and one obtains several properties. Possible application to GIS topology rules are touched upon.

Single Valued Neutrosophic Information Systems Based On Rough Set Theory, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The theory of rough sets was firstly proposed by Pawlak. Later on, Smarandache introduced the concept of neutrosophic (NS) sets in 1998. In this paper based on the concept of rough neutrosohic set, we define the concept of single valued neutrosophic information systems. In addition, we will discuss the knowledge reduction and extension of the single valued neutrosophic information systems.

Interval Neutrosophic Logic, Haibin Wang, Florentin Smarandache, Yan-Qing Zhang, Rajshekhar Sunderraman

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Interval Neutrosophic Logic

Principal Angles And Approximation For Quaternionic Projections [Dataset], Terry A. Loring

Math and Statistics Datasets

We extend Jordan's notion of principal angles to work for two subspaces of quaternionic space, and so have a method to analyze two orthogonal projections in the matrices over the real, complex or quaternionic field (or skew field). From this we derive an algorithm to turn almost commuting projections into commuting projections that minimizes the sum of the displacements of the two projections. We quickly prove what we need using the universal real C*-algebra generated by two projections.

Estimating Norms Of Commutators [Dataset], Terry A. Loring, Freddy Vides

Math and Statistics Datasets

We find estimates on the norm of a commutator of the form [f(x),y] in terms of the norm of [x,y], assuming that x and y are bounded linear operators on Hilbert space, with x normal and with spectrum within the domain of f. In particular we discuss |[x^2,y]| and |[x^{1/2},y]| for 0leq x leq 1. For larger values of delta = |[x,y]| we can rigorous calculate the best possible upper bound |[f(x),y]| leq eta_f(delta) for many f. In other cases we have conducted numerical experiments that strongly suggest that we have in many cases found the correct formula for the …

Computing A Logarithm Of A Unitary Matrix With General Spectrum [Dataset], Terry A. Loring

Math and Statistics Datasets

We analyze an algorithm for computing a skew-Hermitian logarithm of a unitary matrix, and also skew-Hermitian approximate logarithms for nearly unitary matrices. This algorithm is very easy to implement using standard software and it works well even for unitary matrices with no spectral conditions assumed. Certain examples, with many eigenvalues near -1, lead to very non-Hermitian output for other basic methods of calculating matrix logarithms. Altering the output of these algorithms to force an Hermitian output creates accuracy issues which are avoided by the considered algorithm. A modification is introduced to deal properly with the J-skew symmetric unitary matrices. Applications …

Examples Where The Conjunctive And Dempster’S Rules Are Insensitive, Florentin Smarandache, Jean Dezert, Valeri Kroumov

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we present several counter-examples to the Conjunctive rule and to Dempster rule of combinations in information fusion.

More On Intuitionistic Neutrosophic Soft Sets, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Intuitionistic Neutrosophic Soft Set theory proposed by S. Broumi and F. Samarandache [28], has been regarded as an effective mathematical tool to deal with uncertainties. In this paper new operations on intuitionistic neutrosophic soft sets have been introduced . Some results relating to the properties of these operations have been established. Moreover ,we illustrate their interconnections between each other.

Subset Non Associative Topological Spaces, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The concept of non associative topological space is new and innovative. In general topological spaces are defined as union and intersection of subsets of a set X. In this book authors for the first time define non associative topological spaces using subsets of groupoids or subsets of loops or subsets of groupoid rings or subsets of loop rings. This study leads to several interesting results in this direction.

Over hundred problems on non associative topological spaces using of subsets of loops or groupoids is suggested at the end of chapter two. Also conditions for these non associative subset topological spaces …

Subset Groupoids, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book authors introduce the new notion of constructing non associative algebraic structures using subsets of a groupoid. Thus subset groupoids are constructed using groupoids or loops. Even if we use subsets of loops still the algebraic structure we get with it is only a groupoid. However we can get a proper subset of it to be a subset loop which will be isomorphic with the loop which was used in the construction of the subset groupoid. To the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the first time non associative algebraic structures are constructed using subsets. We get …

Filters Via Neutrosophic Crisp Sets, A. A. Salama, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we introduce the notion of filter on the neutrosophic crisp set, then we consider a generalization of the filter’s studies. Afterwards, we present the important neutrosophic crisp filters. We also study several relations between different neutrosophic crisp filters and neutrosophic topologies. Possible applications to database systems are touched upon.

Subset Semirings, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book authors study the new notion of the algebraic structure of the subset semirings using the subsets of rings or semirings. This study is innovative and interesting for the authors feel giving algebraic structure to collection of sets is not a new study, for when set theory was introduced such study was in vogue. But a systematic development of constructing algebraic structures using subsets of a set is absent, except for the set topology and in the construction of Boolean algebras. The authors have explored the study of constructing subset algebraic structures like semigroups, groupoids, semirings, non commutative …

Subset Polynomial Semirings And Subset Matrix Semirings, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book authors introduce the notion of subset polynomial semirings and subset matrix semirings. The study of algebraic structures using subsets were recently carried out by the authors. Here we define the notion of subset row matrices, subset column matrices and subset m × n matrices. Study of this kind is developed in chapter two of this book. If we use subsets of a set X; say P(X), the power set of the set X....

Hence if P(X) is replaced by a group or a semigroup we get the subset matrix to be only a subset matrix semigroup. If …

Subset Interval Groupoids, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The study of groupoids is meager and we have recently introduced the new notion of subset groupoids and have studied them. It is interesting to keep on record that interval groupoids have been studied by us in 2010. Further when the subsets of a loop are taken they also form only a subset groupoid and not a subset loop. Thus we do not have the concept of subset interval loop they only form a subset interval groupoid. Special elements like subset interval zero divisors, subset interval idempotents and subset interval units are studied. Concept of subset interval groupoid homomorphism is …

Algebraic Structures Using Subsets, Florentin Smarandache, W.B Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The study of subsets and giving algebraic structure to these subsets of a set started in the mid 18th century by George Boole. The first systematic presentation of Boolean algebra emerged in 1860s in papers written by William Jevons and Charles Sanders Peirce. Thus we see if P(X) denotes the collection of all subsets of the set X, then P(X) under the op erations of union and intersection is a Boolean algebra. Next the subsets of a set was used in the construction of topological spaces. We in this book consider subsets of a semigroup or a group or a …

Algebraic Structures Using [0,N), Florentin Smarandache, Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book authors for the first time introduce a new method of building algebraic structures on the interval [0, n). This study is interesting and innovative. However, [0, n) is a semigroup under product, × modulo n and a semigroup under min or max operation. Further [0, n) is a group under addition modulo n. We see [0, n) under both max and min operation is a semiring. [0, n) under + and × is not in general a ring. We define S = {[0, n), +, ×} to be a pseudo special ring as the distributive law is …

Fuzzy Neutrosophic Models For Social Scientists, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book, authors give the notion of different neutrosophic models like, neutrosophic cognitive maps (NCMs), neutrosophic relational maps (NEMs), neutrosophic relational equations (NREs), neutrosophic bidirectional associative memories (NBAMs) and neutrosophic associative memories (NAMs) for socio scientists. This book has six chapters. The first chapter introduces the basic concepts of neutrosophic numbers and notions about neutrosophic graphs which are essential to construct these neutrosophic models. In chapter two we describe the concept of neutrosophic matrices and the essential operations related with them which are used in the study and working of these neutrosophic models. However the reader must be familiar …

Correlation Coefficient Of Interval Neutrosophic Set, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we introduce for the first time the concept of correlation coefficients of interval valued neutrosophic set (INS for short). Respective numerical examples are presented.

Intuitionistic Neutrosophic Soft Set, Said Broumi, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we study the concept of intuitionistic neutrosophic set of Bhowmik and Pal. We have introduced this concept in soft sets and defined intuitionistic neutrosophic soft set. Some definitions and operations have been introduced on intuitionistic neutrosophic soft set. Some properties of this concept have been established.

Extended Pcr Rules For Dynamic Frames, Florentin Smarandache, Jean Dezert

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In most of classical fusion problems modeled from belief functions, the frame of discernment is considered as static. This means that the set of elements in the frame and the underlying integrity constraints of the frame are fixed forever and they do not change with time. In some applications, like in target tracking for example, the use of such invariant frame is not very appropriate because it can truly change with time. So it is necessary to adapt the Proportional Conflict Redistribution fusion rules (PCR5 and PCR6) for working with dynamical frames. In this paper, we propose an extension of …

Applications Of Extenics To 2d-Space And 3d-Space, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Vladareanu

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this article one proposes several numerical examples for applying the extension set to 2D- and 3D-spaces. While rectangular and prism geometrical figures can easily be decomposed from 2D and 3D into 1D linear problems, similarly for the circle and the sphere, it is not possible in general to do the same for other geometrical figures.

Non Associative Linear Algebras, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book authors for the first time introduce the notion of non associative vector spaces and non associative linear algebras over a field. We construct non associative space using loops and groupoids over fields. In general in all situations, which we come across to find solutions may not be associative; in such cases we can without any difficulty adopt these non associative vector spaces/linear algebras. Thus this research is a significant one.

This book has six chapters. First chapter is introductory in nature. The new concept of non associative semilinear algebras is introduced in chapter two. This structure is …

Exploring The Extension Of Natural Operations On Intervals, Matrices And Complex Numbers, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This book extends the natural operations defined on intervals, finite complex numbers and matrices. The intervals [a, b] are such that a ≤ b. But the natural class of intervals [a, b] introduced by the authors are such that a ≥ b or a need not be comparable with b. This way of defining natural class of intervals enables the authors to extend all the natural operations defined on reals to these natural class of intervals without any difficulty. Thus with these natural class of intervals working with interval matrices like stiffness matrices finding eigenvalues takes the same time as …

Innovative Uses Of Matrices, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Indra Venkatbabu

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book authors bring out the innovative applications of matrices defined, described and developed by them. Here they do not include the natural product on matrices newly described and defined by them in the book on ‘natural product ×n on matrices’.

This book is organized into seven chapters. The first one is introductory in nature. In the second chapter authors give the unique and new way of analyzing the data which is time dependent. We construct three types of matrices called Average Time Dependent data matrix (ATD matrix), Refined Time Dependent Data matrix (RTD matrix) and Combined Effective Time …

Supermodular Lattices, Florentin Smarandache, Iqbal Unnisa, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In lattice theory the two well known equational class of lattices are the distributive lattices and the modular lattices. All distributive lattices are modular however a modular lattice in general is not distributive.

In this book, new classes of lattices called supermodular lattices and semi-supermodular lattices are introduced and characterized as follows: A subdirectly irreducible supermodular lattice is isomorphic to the two element chain lattice C2 or the five element modular lattice M3. A lattice L is supermodular if and only if L is a subdirect union of a two element chain C2 and the five element modular lattice M3.

Special Quasi Dual Numbers And Groupoids, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book the authors introduce a new notion called special quasi dual number, x = a + bg.

Among the reals – 1 behaves in this way, for (– 1)2 = 1 = – (– 1). Likewise –I behaves in such a way (– I)2 = – (– I). These special quasi dual numbers can be generated from matrices with entries from 1 or I using only the natural product ×n. Another rich source of these special quasi dual numbers or quasi special dual numbers is Zn, n a composite number. For instance 8 in Z12 is such that …