Logic and Foundations Commons^™

Joint Lattice Of Reconstructability Analysis And Bayesian Network General Graphs, Marcus Harris, Martin Zwick

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper integrates the structures considered in Reconstructability Analysis (RA) and those considered in Bayesian Networks (BN) into a joint lattice of probabilistic graphical models. This integration and associated lattice visualizations are done in this paper for four variables, but the approach can easily be expanded to more variables. The work builds on the RA work of Klir (1985), Krippendorff (1986), and Zwick (2001), and the BN work of Pearl (1985, 1987, 1988, 2000), Verma (1990), Heckerman (1994), Chickering (1995), Andersson (1997), and others. The RA four variable lattice and the BN four variable lattice partially overlap: there are ten …

Reconstructability Analysis And Its Occam Implementation, Martin Zwick

Complex Systems Faculty Publications and Presentations

This talk will describe Reconstructability Analysis (RA), a probabilistic graphical modeling methodology deriving from the 1960s work of Ross Ashby and developed in the systems community in the 1980s and afterwards. RA, based on information theory and graph theory, resembles and partially overlaps Bayesian networks (BN) and log-linear techniques, but also has some unique capabilities. (A paper explaining the relationship between RA and BN will be given in this special session.) RA is designed for exploratory modeling although it can also be used for confirmatory hypothesis testing. In RA modeling, one either predicts some DV from a set of IVs …

Plithogenic Cognitive Maps In Decision Making, Florentin Smarandache, Nivetha Martin

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Plithogenic sets introduced by Smarandache (2018) have disclosed new research vistas and this paper introduces the novel concept of plithogenic cognitive maps (PCM) and its applications in decision making. The new approach of defining instantaneous state neutrosophic vector with the confinement of indeterminacy to (0,1] is proposed to quantify the degree of indeterminacy. The resultant vector is obtained by applying instantaneous state vector through the connection matrix together with plithogenic operators comprising the contradiction degrees. The connection matrix is represented as fuzzy matrix and neutrosophic matrix and the resultant vector is determined by applying plithogenic fuzzy operators and plithogenic neutrosophic …

Conjugacy Separability And Cyclic Conjugacy Separability Of Certain Hnn Extensions, Generalised Free Products And Tree Products, Hui Min Lim

Student Works (2020-2029)

In this thesis, we study two interrelated strong residually finite properties of groups, namely conjugacy separability and cyclic conjugacy separability. We extend them to certain HNN extensions, generalized free products and tree products where the associated subgroups and amalgamated subgroups are not necessarily cyclic. In the first part of the thesis, we consider HNN extensions. We begin by establishing two criteria, one for conjugacy separability and another for cyclic conjugacy separability. Using these two criteria we establish conditions for HNN extensions where the associated subgroups are central or they are a finite extension of a central subgroup or cyclic to …

Derivable Single Valued Neutrosophic Graphs Based On Km-Fuzzy Metric, Florentin Smarandache, Mohammad Hamidi

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we consider the concept of KM-fuzzy metric spaces and we introduce a novel concept of KM-single valued neutrosophic metric graphs based on KM-fuzzy metric spaces. Then we investigate the finite KM-fuzzy metric spaces with respect to KM-fuzzy metrics and we construct the KMfuzzy metric spaces on any given non-empty sets. We try to extend the concept of KM-fuzzy metric spaces to a larger class of KM-fuzzy metric spaces such as union and product of KM-fuzzy metric spaces and in this regard we investigate the class of products of KM-single valued neutrosophic metric graphs. In the final, we …

C# Application To Deal With Neutrosophic G(Alpha)-Closed Sets In Neutrosophic Topology, S. Saranya, M. Vigneshwaran, S. Jafari

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, we have developed a C# Application for finding the values of the complement, union, intersection and the inclusion of any two neutrosophic sets in the neutrosophic field by using .NET Framework, Microsoft Visual Studio and C# Programming Language. In addition to this, the system can find neutrosophic topology, neutrosophic alpha-closed sets and neutrosophic g(alpha)-closed sets in each resultant screens. Also, this computer-based application produces the complement values of each neutrosophic closed sets.

Some Operations Over Pythagorean Fuzzy Matrices Based On Hamacher Operations, I. Silambarasan, S. Sriram

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

Pythagorean fuzzy matrix is a powerful tool for describing the vague concepts more precisely. The Pythagorean fuzzy matrix based models provide more flexibility in handling the human judgment information as compared to other fuzzy models. The objective of this paper is to apply the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy matrices to Pythagorean fuzzy matrices. In this paper, we briefly introduce the Pythagorean fuzzy matrices and some theorems and examples are applied to illustrate the performance of the proposed methods. Then we define the Hamacher scalar multiplication (n._hA) and Hamacher exponentiation (A^^hn) operations on Pythagorean fuzzy matrices and …

Ideal Theory In Bck/Bci-Algebras In The Frame Of Hesitant Fuzzy Set Theory, G. Muhiuddin, Habib Harizavi, Young Bae Jun

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

Several generalizations and extensions of fuzzy sets have been introduced in the literature, for example, Atanassov’s intuitionistic fuzzy sets, type 2 fuzzy sets and fuzzy multisets, etc. Using the Torra’s hesitant fuzzy sets, the notions of Sup-hesitant fuzzy ideals in BCK/BCI-algebras are introduced, and its properties are investigated. Relations between Sup-hesitant fuzzy subalgebras and Sup-hesitant fuzzy ideals are displayed, and characterizations of Sup-hesitant fuzzy ideals are discussed.

On The Qualitative Analysis Of Volterra Iddes With Infinite Delay, Osman Tunç, Erdal Korkmaz, Özkan Atan

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

This investigation deals with a nonlinear Volterra integro-differential equation with infinite retardation (IDDE).We will prove three new results on the stability, uniformly stability (US) and square integrability (SI) of solutions of that IDDE. The proofs of theorems rely on the use of an appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF). By the outcomes of this paper, we generalize and obtain some former results in mathematical literature under weaker conditions.

Model Theory Of Groups And Monoids, Laura M. Lopez Cruz

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

We first show that arithmetic is bi-interpretable (with parameters) with the free monoid and with partially commutative monoids with trivial center. This bi-interpretability implies that these monoids have the QFA property and that finitely generated submonoids of these monoids are definable. Moreover, we show that any recursively enumerable language in a finite alphabet X with two or more generators is definable in the free monoid. We also show that for metabelian Baumslag-Solitar groups and for a family of metabelian restricted wreath products, the Diophantine Problem is decidable. That is, we provide an algorithm that decides whether or not a given …

Inductive Constructions In Logic And Graph Theory, Davis Deaton

Honors Scholars Collaborative Projects

Just as much as mathematics is about results, mathematics is about methods. This thesis focuses on one method: induction. Induction, in short, allows building complex mathemati- cal objects from simple ones. These mathematical objects include the foundational, like logical statements, and the abstract, like cell complexes. Non-mathematicians struggle to find a common thread throughout all of mathematics, but I present induction as such a common thread here. In particular, this thesis discusses everything from the very foundations of mathematics all the way to combina- torial manifolds. I intend to be casual and opinionated while still providing all necessary formal rigor. …

Collaboration (Reacting To The Past/Math/History/Writing), James Hayashi

Q2S Enhancing Pedagogy

This is an assignment for a Freshman level course in the College of Natural Science. By the end students will have an understanding of valid research, collaboration and communication skills. Faculty that chooses to use this assignment will be preparing students for an active learning environment, and understanding a “Big Idea”, valid research, technology and communication skills.

Faculty should give an example of what is valid research. As students are completing this assignment mini deadlines (check-ins) shall be set. With the check-ins for this assignment focus on how the group will communicate the check point and the collaboration.

The focus …

Semi De Morgan Logic Properly Displayed, Giuseppe Greco, Fei Qin, M. Andrew Moshier, Alessandra Palmigiano

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

In the present paper, we endow semi De Morgan logic and a family of its axiomatic extensions with proper multi-type display calculi which are sound, complete, conservative, and enjoy cut elimination and subformula property. Our proposal builds on an algebraic analysis of the variety of semi De Morgan algebras, and applies the guidelines of the multi-type methodology in the design of display calculi.

Math 220p Foundations Of Mathematics, Nicholas Vlamis

Open Educational Resources

No abstract provided.

A Coherent Proof Of Mac Lane's Coherence Theorem, Luke Trujillo

HMC Senior Theses

Mac Lane’s Coherence Theorem is a subtle, foundational characterization of monoidal categories, a categorical concept which is now an important and popular tool in areas of pure mathematics and theoretical physics. Mac Lane’s original proof, while extremely clever, is written somewhat confusingly. Many years later, there still does not exist a fully complete and clearly written version of Mac Lane’s proof anywhere, which is unfortunate as Mac Lane’s proof provides very deep insight into the nature of monoidal categories. In this thesis, we provide brief introductions to category theory and monoidal categories, and we offer a precise, clear development of …

There Is No Constant In Physics: A Neutrosophic Explanation, Victor Christianto, Robert Neil Boyd, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In Neutrosophic Logic, a basic assertion is that there are variations of about everything that we can measure; the variations surround three parameters called T,I,F (truth, indeterminacy, falsehood) which can take a range of values. Similarly, in this paper we consider NL applications in physics constants. Those constants actually all have a window of plus and minus values, relative to the average value of the constant. For example, speed of light, c, can vary in a window up to +/- 3000 m/s. Therefore it should be written: 300000 km/s +/- 3 km/s. We also discuss some implications of this new …

Introduction To Game Theory: A Discovery Approach, Jennifer Firkins Nordstrom

Linfield Authors Book Gallery

Game theory is an excellent topic for a non-majors quantitative course as it develops mathematical models to understand human behavior in social, political, and economic settings. The variety of applications can appeal to a broad range of students. Additionally, students can learn mathematics through playing games, something many choose to do in their spare time! This text also includes an exploration of the ideas of game theory through the rich context of popular culture. It contains sections on applications of the concepts to popular culture. It suggests films, television shows, and novels with themes from game theory. The questions in …

Introduction To Neutroalgebraic Structures And Antialgebraic Structures (Revisited), Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In all classical algebraic structures, the Laws of Compositions on a given set are well-defined. But this is a restrictive case, because there are many more situations in science and in any domain of knowledge when a law of composition defined on a set may be only partially-defined (or partially true) and partially-undefined (or partially false), that we call NeutroDefined, or totally undefined (totally false) that we call AntiDefined. Again, in all classical algebraic structures, the Axioms (Associativity, Commutativity, etc.) defined on a set are totally true, but it is again a restrictive case, because similarly there are numerous situations …

Neutroalgebra Is A Generalization Of Partial Algebra, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we recall, improve, and extend several definitions, properties and applications of our previous 2019 research referred to NeutroAlgebras and AntiAlgebras (also called NeutroAlgebraic Structures and respectively AntiAlgebraic Structures). Let be an item (concept, attribute, idea, proposition, theory, etc.). Through the process of neutrosphication, we split the nonempty space we work on into three regions {two opposite ones corresponding to and , and one corresponding to neutral (indeterminate) (also denoted ) between the opposites}, which may or may not be disjoint – depending on the application, but they are exhaustive (their union equals the whole space). A NeutroAlgebra …

Extension Of Hypergraph To N-Superhypergraph And To Plithogenic N-Superhypergraph, And Extension Of Hyperalgebra To N-Ary (Classical-/Neutro-/Anti-)Hyperalgebra, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

We recall and improve our 2019 concepts of n-Power Set of a Set, n-SuperHyperGraph, Plithogenic n-SuperHyperGraph, and n-ary HyperAlgebra, n-ary NeutroHyperAlgebra, n-ary AntiHyperAlgebra respectively, and we present several properties and examples connected with the real world.

Neutro-Bck-Algebra, Florentin Smarandache, Mohammad Hamidi

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This paper introduces the novel concept of Neutro-BCK-algebra. In Neutro-BCK-algebra, the outcome of any given two elements under an underlying operation (neutro-sophication procedure) has three cases, such as: appurtenance, non-appurtenance, or indeterminate. While for an axiom: equal, non-equal, or indeterminate. This study investigates the Neutro-BCK-algebra and shows that Neutro-BCK-algebra are different from BCK-algebra. The notation of Neutro-BCK-algebra generates a new concept of NeutroPoset and Neutro-Hass-diagram for NeutroPosets. Finally, we consider an instance of applications of the Neutro-BCK-algebra.

Interval Valued Neutrosophic Shortest Path Problem By A* Algorithm, Florentin Smarandache, S. Khrisna Prabha, Said Broumi

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Many researchers have been proposing various algorithms to unravel different types of fuzzy shortest path problems. There are many algorithms like Dijkstra’s, Bellman-Ford,Floyd-Warshall and kruskal’s etc are existing for solving the shortest path problems. In this work a shortest path problem with interval valued neutrosophic numbers is investigated using the proposed algorithm. A* algorithm is extensively applied in pathfinding and graph traversal.Unlike the other algorithms mentioned above, A* algorithm entails heuristic function to uncover the cost of path that traverses through the particular state. In the structured work A* algorithm is applied to unravel the length of the shortest path …

N-Refined Neutrosophic Rings, Florentin Smarandache, Mohammad Abobala

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of n-refined neutrosophic ring as a generalization of refined neutrosophic ring. Also, we present concept of n-refined polynomial ring. We study some basic concepts related to these rings such as AH-subrings, AH-ideals, AH-factors, and AH-homomorphisms.

On Neutro-Be-Algebras And Anti-Be-Algebras, Florentin Smarandache, Akbar Rezaei

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper, the concepts of Neutro-BE-algebra and Anti-BE-algebra are introduced, and some related properties and four theorems are investigated. We show that the classes of Neutro-BE-algebra and Anti-BE-algebras are alternatives of the class of BE-algebras.

Fifteenth International Photovideoanthology On Paradoxism, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Paradoxism is an international movement in science and culture, founded by Florentin Smarandache in 1980s, based on excessive use of antitheses, oxymoron, contradictions, and paradoxes. During three decades (1980-2020) hundreds of authors from tenth of countries around the globe contributed papers to 15 international paradoxist anthologies.

In 1995, the author extended the paradoxism to a new branch of philosophy called neutrosophy, that gave birth to many scientific branches, such as: neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic probability and statistics, neutrosophic algebraic structures and so on with multiple applications in engineering, computer science, administrative work, medical research etc.

“May your imagination blossom …

Quadruple Neutrosophic Theory And Applications Volume I, Florentin Smarandache, Memet Şahin, Vakkas Uluçay, Abdullah Kargin

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Neutrosophic set has been derived from a new branch of philosophy, namely Neutrosophy. Neutrosophic set is capable of dealing with uncertainty, indeterminacy and inconsistent information. Neutrosophic set approaches are suitable to modeling problems with uncertainty, indeterminacy and inconsistent information in which human knowledge is necessary, and human evaluation is needed. Neutrosophic set theory firstly proposed in 1998 by Florentin Smarandache, who also developed the concept of single valued neutrosophic set, oriented towards real world scientific and engineering applications. Since then, the single valued neutrosophic set theory has been extensively studied in books and monographs introducing neutrosophic sets and its applications, …

Generalizations And Alternatives Of Classical Algebraic Structures To Neutroalgebraic Structures And Antialgebraic Structures, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we present the development from paradoxism to neutrosophy, which gave birth to neutrosophic set and logic and especially to NeutroAlgebraic Structures (or NeutroAlgebras) and AntiAlgebraic Structures (or AntiAlgebras) that are generalizations and alternatives of the classical algebraic structures.

New Challenges In Neutrosophic Theory And Applications, Florentin Smarandache, Stefan Vladutescu, Miihaela Colhon, Wadei Al-Omeri, Saeid Jafari, Muhammad Zahir Khan, Muhammad Farid Khan, Muhammad Aslam, Abdur Razzaque Mughal

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Neutrosophic theory has representatives on all continents and, therefore, it can be said to be a universal theory. On the other hand, according to the three volumes of “The Encyclopedia of Neutrosophic Researchers” (2016, 2018, 2019), plus numerous others not yet included in Encyclopedia book series, about 1200 researchers from 73 countries have applied both the neutrosophic theory and method. Neutrosophic theory was founded by Professor Florentin Smarandache in 1998; it constitutes further generalization of fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy theories. The key distinction between the neutrosophic set/logic and other types of sets/logics lies in the introduction of the degree of …

(Φ, Ψ)-Weak Contractions In Neutrosophic Cone Metric Spaces Via Fixed Point Theorems, Florentin Smarandache, Wadei F. Al-Omeri

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this manuscript, we obtain common fixed point theorems in the neutrosophic cone metric space. Also, notion of (Φ, Ψ)-weak contraction is defined in the neutrosophic cone metric space by using the idea of altering distance function. Finally, we review many examples of cone metric spaces to verify some properties.

Three Possible Applications Of Neutrosophic Logic In Fundamental And Applied Sciences, Victor Christianto, Robert Neil Boyd, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In Neutrosophic Logic, a basic assertion is that there are variations of about everything that we can measure; the variations surround three parameters called T,I,F (truth, indeterminacy, falsehood) which can take a range of values. This paper shortly reviews the links among aether and matter creation from the perspective of Neutrosophic Logic. Once we accept the existence of aether as physical medium, then we can start to ask on what causes matter ejection, as observed in various findings related to quasars etc. One particular cosmology model known as VMH (variable mass hypothesis) has been suggested by notable astrophysicists like Halton …