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Articles 211 - 240 of 418
Full-Text Articles in Mathematics
Group Developed Weighing Matrices, K. T. Arasu, Jeffrey R. Hollon
Group Developed Weighing Matrices, K. T. Arasu, Jeffrey R. Hollon
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
A weighing matrix is a square matrix whose entries are 1, 0 or −1, such that the matrix times its transpose is some integer multiple of the identity matrix. We examine the case where these matrices are said to be devel- oped by an abelian group. Through a combination of extending previous results and by giving explicit constructions we will answer the question of existence for 318 such matrices of order and weight both below 100. At the end, we are left with 98 open cases out of a possible 1,022. Further, some of the new results provide insight into …
An Elastica Model Of The Buckling Of A Nanoscale Sheet Perpendicular To A Rigid Substrate, Shawn D. Ryan, Dmitry Golovaty, Patrick Wilber
An Elastica Model Of The Buckling Of A Nanoscale Sheet Perpendicular To A Rigid Substrate, Shawn D. Ryan, Dmitry Golovaty, Patrick Wilber
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
We study a variation on the classical problem of the buckling of an elastica. The elastica models a nanoscale sheet that interacts with a rigid substrate by intermolecular forces. We formulate a buckling problem in which the sheet is perpendicular to the substrate and a load is applied to the edge of the sheet further from the substrate. Our study is motivated by problems in nanomechanics such as the bending of a graphene sheet interacting with a rigid substrate by van der Waals forces. After identifying a trivial branch, we combine computation and analysis to determine the stability and bifurcations …
Immunoglobulins Against Tyrosine-Nitrated Epitopes In Coronary Artery Disease, Leonor Thomson, Margarita Tenopoulou, Richard Lightfoot, Epida Tsika, Ioannis Parastatidis, Marissa Martinez, Todd M. Greco, Paschalis Thomas Doulias, Yuping Wu, W.H. Wilson Tang, Stanley L. Hazen, Harry Ischiropoulos
Immunoglobulins Against Tyrosine-Nitrated Epitopes In Coronary Artery Disease, Leonor Thomson, Margarita Tenopoulou, Richard Lightfoot, Epida Tsika, Ioannis Parastatidis, Marissa Martinez, Todd M. Greco, Paschalis Thomas Doulias, Yuping Wu, W.H. Wilson Tang, Stanley L. Hazen, Harry Ischiropoulos
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
Background—Several lines of evidence support a pathophysiological role of immunity in atherosclerosis. Tyrosine-nitrated proteins, a footprint of oxygen- and nitrogen-derived oxidants generated by cells of the immune system, are enriched in atheromatous lesions and in circulation of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the consequences of possible immune reactions triggered by the presence of nitrated proteins in subjects with clinically documented atherosclerosis have not been explored. Methods and Results—Specific immunoglobulins that recognize 3-nitrotyrosine epitopes were identified in human lesions, as well as in circulation of patients with CAD. The levels of circulating immunoglobulins against 3-nitrotyrosine epitopes were quantified in …
Clinical And Genetic Association Of Serum Paraoxonase And Arylesterase Activities With Cardiovascular Risk, W.H. Wilson Tang, Jaana Hartiala, Yiying Fan, Yuping Wu, Alexandre F.R. Stewart, Jeanette Erdmann, Sekar Kathiresan, Cardiogram Consortium, Lerner Research Institute, Robert Roberts, Ruth Mcpherson, Hooman Allayee, Stanley L. Hazen
Clinical And Genetic Association Of Serum Paraoxonase And Arylesterase Activities With Cardiovascular Risk, W.H. Wilson Tang, Jaana Hartiala, Yiying Fan, Yuping Wu, Alexandre F.R. Stewart, Jeanette Erdmann, Sekar Kathiresan, Cardiogram Consortium, Lerner Research Institute, Robert Roberts, Ruth Mcpherson, Hooman Allayee, Stanley L. Hazen
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
Objective—Diminished serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities (measures of paraoxonase-1 [PON-1] function) in humans have been linked to heightened systemic oxidative stress and atherosclerosis risk. The clinical prognostic use of measuring distinct PON-1 activities has not been established, and the genetic determinants of PON-1 activities are not known. Methods and Results—We established analytically robust high-throughput assays for serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities and measured these in 3668 stable subjects undergoing elective coronary angiography without acute coronary syndrome and were prospectively followed for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE= death, myocardial infarction, stroke) over 3 years. Low serum arylesterase and paraoxonase activities were …
Prognostic Role Of Pulmonary Arterial Capacitance In Advanced Heart Failure, Matthias Dupont, Wilfried Mullens, Hadi N. Skouri, Zuheir Abrahams, Yuping Wu, David O. Taylor, Randall C. Starling, W.H. Wilson Tang
Prognostic Role Of Pulmonary Arterial Capacitance In Advanced Heart Failure, Matthias Dupont, Wilfried Mullens, Hadi N. Skouri, Zuheir Abrahams, Yuping Wu, David O. Taylor, Randall C. Starling, W.H. Wilson Tang
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
Background—Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction frequently occurs and independently prognosticates in left-sided heart failure. It is not clear which RV afterload measure has the greatest impact on RV function and prognosis. We examined the determinants, prognostic role, and response to treatment of pulmonary arterial capacitance (PAC, ratio of stroke volume over pulmonary pulse pressure), in relation to pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in heart failure. Methods and Results—We reviewed 724 consecutive patients with heart failure who underwent right heart catheterization between 2000 and 2005. Changes in PAC were explored in an independent cohort of 75 subjects treated for acute decompensated heart failure. …
Cystatin C Identifies Patients With Stable Chronic Heart Failure At Increased Risk For Adverse Cardiovascular Events, Matthias Dupont, Yuping Wu, Stanley L. Hazen, W.H. Wilson Tang
Cystatin C Identifies Patients With Stable Chronic Heart Failure At Increased Risk For Adverse Cardiovascular Events, Matthias Dupont, Yuping Wu, Stanley L. Hazen, W.H. Wilson Tang
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
Background—Renal function is a strong predictor of adverse events in heart failure. Current renal function measures are imperfect, and cystatin C (CysC) is promoted as a better marker of glomerular filtration rate. This study compares the prognostic use of CysC and derived glomerular filtration rate estimates with other measures of renal function in patients with chronic heart failure. Methods and Results—We measured serum CysC levels in 823 patients with heart failure undergoing coronary angiography with follow-up of major adverse cardiovascular events (death, myocardial infarction, stroke). CysC levels strongly correlated with creatinine (r=0.73), blood urea nitrogen (r=0.70), and estimated glomerular filtration …
Dynamics Of A Three Species Competition Model, Yuan Lou, Daniel Munther
Dynamics Of A Three Species Competition Model, Yuan Lou, Daniel Munther
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
We investigate the dynamics of a three species competition model, in which all species have the same population dynamics but distinct dispersal strategies. Gejji et al. [15] introduced a general dispersal strategy for two species, termed as an ideal free pair in this paper, which can result in the ideal free distributions of two competing species at equilibrium. We show that if one of the three species adopts a dispersal strategy which produces the ideal free distribution, then none of the other two species can persist if they do not form an ideal free pair. We also show that if …
Nitrated Fibrinogen Is A Biomarker Of Oxidative Stress In Venous Thromboembolism, Marissa Martinez, Adam Cuker, Angela Mills, Richard Lightfoot, Yiying Fan, W.H. Wilson Tang, Stanley L. Hazen, Harry Ischiropoulos
Nitrated Fibrinogen Is A Biomarker Of Oxidative Stress In Venous Thromboembolism, Marissa Martinez, Adam Cuker, Angela Mills, Richard Lightfoot, Yiying Fan, W.H. Wilson Tang, Stanley L. Hazen, Harry Ischiropoulos
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
The pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is linked to inflammation and oxidant production, although specific markers for these pathways with pathological relevance to VTE have not been explored. The coagulant protein fibrinogen is posttranslationally modified by nitric oxide-derived oxidants to nitrated fibrinogen in both acute and chronic inflammatory states. Therefore, nitrated fibrinogen may serve as a marker of inflammation and oxidative stress in VTE. To test this hypothesis we enrolled subjects (n=251) presenting with suspected VTE at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital emergency department, 50 (19.9%) of whom were positive by imaging or 90-day follow-up. Mean nitrated fibrinogen was elevated …
Carrying Biomath Education In A Leaky Bucket, James A. Powell, Brynja R. Kohler, James W. Haefner, Janice Bodily
Carrying Biomath Education In A Leaky Bucket, James A. Powell, Brynja R. Kohler, James W. Haefner, Janice Bodily
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
In this paper, we describe a project-based mathematical lab implemented in our Applied Mathematics in Biology course. The Leaky Bucket Lab allows students to parameterize and test Torricelli’s law and develop and compare their own alternative models to describe the dynamics of water draining from perforated containers. In the context of this lab students build facility in a variety of applied biomathematical tools and gain confidence in applying these tools in data-driven environments. We survey analytic approaches developed by students to illustrate the creativity this encourages as well as prepare other instructors to scaffold the student learning experience. Pedagogical results …
Translation Representations And Scattering By Two Intervals, Palle Jorgensen, Steen Pedersen, Feng Tian
Translation Representations And Scattering By Two Intervals, Palle Jorgensen, Steen Pedersen, Feng Tian
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
Studying unitary one-parameter groups in Hilbert space (U(t), H), we show that a model for obstacle scattering can be built, up to unitary equivalence, with the use of translation representations for L2-functions in the complement of two finite and disjoint intervals. The model encompasses a family of systems (U(t), H). For each, we obtain a detailed spectral representation, and we compute the scattering operator and scattering matrix. We illustrate our results in the Lax-Phillips model where (U(t), H) represents an acoustic wave equation …
Autologous Stem Cell Transplant Is Feasible In Very Elderly Patients With Lymphoma And Limited Comorbidity, Rebecca L. Elstrom, Peter Martin, Sandra M. Hurtado Rua, Tsiporah B. Shore, Richard R. Furman, Jia Ruan, Roger N. Pearse, Morton Coleman, Tomer Mark, John P. Leonard, Usama Gergis
Autologous Stem Cell Transplant Is Feasible In Very Elderly Patients With Lymphoma And Limited Comorbidity, Rebecca L. Elstrom, Peter Martin, Sandra M. Hurtado Rua, Tsiporah B. Shore, Richard R. Furman, Jia Ruan, Roger N. Pearse, Morton Coleman, Tomer Mark, John P. Leonard, Usama Gergis
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
In patients with recurrent Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) can offer potential for cure or long-term remission. Because of potential toxicity, elderly patients are usually not considered candidates, but data regarding tolerability and efficacy in this group are lacking. The transplant database at Weill Cornell Medical College was reviewed to identify patients with lymphoma undergoing ASCT at age 69 or greater. Clinical data and comorbidities were correlated with outcome. Twenty-one patients were identified. Sixteen of 19 evaluable patients (76%) achieved complete remission following ASCT, while 2 patients died before response assessment. Median progression-free survival following ASCT …
On FoxʼS M-Dimensional Category And Theorems Of Bochner Type, John Oprea, Jeff Strom
On FoxʼS M-Dimensional Category And Theorems Of Bochner Type, John Oprea, Jeff Strom
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
We show that cat M (X)=Cat (jm),where cat m(X) is Fox’s m-dimensional category, jm:X→X [m] is the mth Postnikov section of X and cat (X) is the Lusternik–Schnirelmann category of X. This characterization is used to give new “Bochner-type” bounds on the rank of the Gottlieb group and the first Betti number for manifolds of non-negative Ricci curvature. Finally, we apply these methods to obtain Bochner-type theorems for manifolds of almost non-negative sectional curvature.
Free Torus Actions And Two-Stage Spaces, Barry Jessup, Gregory Lupton
Free Torus Actions And Two-Stage Spaces, Barry Jessup, Gregory Lupton
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
We prove the toral rank conjecture of Halperin in some new cases. Our results apply to certain elliptic spaces that have a two-stage Sullivan minimal model, and are obtained by combining new lower bounds for the dimension of the cohomology and new upper bounds for the toral rank. The paper concludes with examples and suggestions for future work.
Clinical And Genetic Association Of Serum Ceruloplasmin With Cardiovascular Risk, W.H. Wilson Tang, Yuping Wu, Jaana Hartiala, Yiying Fan, Alexandre F.R. Stewart, Robert Roberts, Ruth Mcpherson, Paul L. Fox, Hooman Allayee, Stanley L. Hazen
Clinical And Genetic Association Of Serum Ceruloplasmin With Cardiovascular Risk, W.H. Wilson Tang, Yuping Wu, Jaana Hartiala, Yiying Fan, Alexandre F.R. Stewart, Robert Roberts, Ruth Mcpherson, Paul L. Fox, Hooman Allayee, Stanley L. Hazen
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
Objective—Ceruloplasmin (Cp) is an acute-phase reactant that is increased in inflammatory diseases and in acute coronary syndromes. Cp has recently been shown to possess nitric oxide (NO) oxidase catalytic activity, but its impact on long-term cardiovascular outcomes in stable cardiac patients has not been explored. Methods and Results—We examined serum Cp levels and their relationship with incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; death, myocardial infarction [MI], stroke) over 3-year follow-up in 4177 patients undergoing elective coronary angiography. We also carried out a genome-wide association study to identify the genetic determinants of serum Cp levels and evaluate their relationship to prevalent …
Discerning Reported Suicide Attempts Within A Youthful Offender Population, Christopher Mallett, Lea A. Derigne, Linda Quinn, Paricia Stoddard Dare
Discerning Reported Suicide Attempts Within A Youthful Offender Population, Christopher Mallett, Lea A. Derigne, Linda Quinn, Paricia Stoddard Dare
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
With suicide being the third leading cause of death among young people, early identification of risk is critical, particularly for those involved with the juvenile courts. In this study of court-involved youth (N = 433) in two Midwest counties, logistic regression analysis identified some expected and unexpected findings of important demographic, educational, mental health, child welfare, and juvenile court-related variables that were linked to reported suicide attempts. Some of the expected suicide attempt risk factors for these youth included prior psychiatric hospitalization and related mental health services, residential placement, and diagnoses of depression and alcohol dependence. However, the most unexpected …
Improved Left Ventricular Mass Quantification With Partial Voxel Interpolation – In-Vivo And Necropsy Validation Of A Novel Cardiac Mri Segmentation Algorithm, Noel C.F. Codella, Hae Yeoun Lee, David S. Fieno, Debbie W. Chen, Sandra M. Hurtado Rua, Minisha Kochar, John Paul Finn, Robert Judd, Parag Goyal, Jesse Schenendorf, Matthew D. Cham, Richard B. Devereux, Martin Prince, Yi Wang, Jonathan W. Weinsaft
Improved Left Ventricular Mass Quantification With Partial Voxel Interpolation – In-Vivo And Necropsy Validation Of A Novel Cardiac Mri Segmentation Algorithm, Noel C.F. Codella, Hae Yeoun Lee, David S. Fieno, Debbie W. Chen, Sandra M. Hurtado Rua, Minisha Kochar, John Paul Finn, Robert Judd, Parag Goyal, Jesse Schenendorf, Matthew D. Cham, Richard B. Devereux, Martin Prince, Yi Wang, Jonathan W. Weinsaft
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
Background—CMR typically quantifies LV mass (LVM) via manual planimetry (MP), but this approach is time consuming and does not account for partial voxel components - myocardium admixed with blood in a single voxel. Automated segmentation (AS) can account for partial voxels, but this has not been used for LVM quantification. This study used automated CMR segmentation to test the influence of partial voxels on quantification of LVM. Methods and Results—LVM was quantified by AS and MP in 126 consecutive patients and 10 laboratory animals undergoing CMR. AS yielded both partial voxel (ASPV) and full voxel (ASFV) …
Fibrewise Rational H-Spaces, Gregory Lupton, Samuel Bruce Smith
Fibrewise Rational H-Spaces, Gregory Lupton, Samuel Bruce Smith
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
We prove fibrewise versions of classical theorems of Hopf and Leray-Samelson. Our results imply the fibrewise H-triviality after rationalization of a certain class of fibrewise H-spaces. They apply, in particular, to universal adjoint bundles. From this, we may retrieve a result of Crabb and Sutherland [Proc. London Math. Soc. (2000), 747-768], which is used there as a crucial step in establishing their main finiteness result.
On Several Conjectures From Evolution Of Dispersal, Isabel Averill, Yuan Lou, Daniel Munther
On Several Conjectures From Evolution Of Dispersal, Isabel Averill, Yuan Lou, Daniel Munther
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
We address several conjectures raised in Cantrell et al. [Evolution of dispersal and ideal free distribution, Math. Biosci. Eng. 7 (2010), pp. 17–36 [9 Cantrell, R. S., Cosner, C. and Lou, Y. 2010. Evolution of dispersal and ideal free distribution. Math. Biosci. Eng., 7: 17–36. [CrossRef], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]]] concerning the dynamics of a diffusion–advection–competition model for two competing species. A conditional dispersal strategy, which results in the ideal free distribution of a single population at equilibrium, was found in Cantrell et al. [9 Cantrell, R. S., Cosner, C. and Lou, Y. 2010. Evolution of dispersal …
Capability Of 2 Gait Measures For Detecting Response To Gait Training In Stroke Survivors: Gait Assessment And Intervention Tool And The Tinetti Gait Scale, Janice Zimbelman, Janis J. Daly, Kristen L. Roenigk, Kristi Butler, Richard Burdsall, John P. Holcomb Jr.
Capability Of 2 Gait Measures For Detecting Response To Gait Training In Stroke Survivors: Gait Assessment And Intervention Tool And The Tinetti Gait Scale, Janice Zimbelman, Janis J. Daly, Kristen L. Roenigk, Kristi Butler, Richard Burdsall, John P. Holcomb Jr.
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
Zimbelman J, Daly JJ, Roenigk KL, Butler K, Burdsall R, Holcomb JP. Capability of 2 gait measures for detecting response to gait training in stroke survivors: Gait Assessment and Intervention Tool and the Tinetti Gait Scale. Objective:To characterize the performance of 2 observational gait measures, the Tinetti Gait Scale (TGS) and the Gait Assessment and Intervention Tool (G.A.I.T.), in identifying improvement in gait in response to gait training. Design: In secondary analysis from a larger study of multimodal gait training for stroke survivors, we measured gait at pre-, mid-, and posttreatment according to G.A.I.T. and TGS, assessing their capability to …
A Kinetic Model For Semidilute Bacterial Suspensions, Shawn D. Ryan, Leonid Berlyand, Brian M. Haines, D. A. Karpeev
A Kinetic Model For Semidilute Bacterial Suspensions, Shawn D. Ryan, Leonid Berlyand, Brian M. Haines, D. A. Karpeev
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
Suspensions of self-propelled microscopic particles, such as swimming bacteria, exhibit collective motion leading to remarkable experimentally observable macroscopic properties. Rigorous mathematical analysis of this emergent behavior can provide significant insight into the mechanisms behind these experimental observations; however, there are many theoretical questions remaining unanswered. In this paper, we study a coupled PDE/ODE system first introduced in the physics literature and used to investigate numerically the effective viscosity of a bacterial suspension. We then examine the kinetic theory associated with the coupled system, which is designed to capture the long-time behavior of a Stokesian suspension of point force dipoles (infinitesimal …
New Symbolic Tools For Differential Geometry, Gravitation, And Field Theory, Ian M. Anderson, Charles G. Torre
New Symbolic Tools For Differential Geometry, Gravitation, And Field Theory, Ian M. Anderson, Charles G. Torre
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
DifferentialGeometry is a Maple software package which symbolically performs fundamental operations of calculus on manifolds, differential geometry, tensor calculus, spinor calculus, Lie algebras, Lie groups, transformation groups, jet spaces, and the variational calculus. These capabilities, combined with dramatic recent improvements in symbolic approaches to solving algebraic and differential equations, have allowed for development of powerful new tools for solving research problems in gravitation and field theory. The purpose of this paper is to describe some of these new tools and present some advanced applications involving: Killing vector fields and isometry groups, Killing tensors, algebraic classification of solutions of the Einstein …
The Constructions Of Almost Binary Sequence Pairs And Binary Sequence Pairs With Three-Level Autocorrelation, Xiuping Peng, Chengqian Xu, Guang Li, Krishnasamy T. Arasu
The Constructions Of Almost Binary Sequence Pairs And Binary Sequence Pairs With Three-Level Autocorrelation, Xiuping Peng, Chengqian Xu, Guang Li, Krishnasamy T. Arasu
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
In this letter, a new class of almost binary sequence pairs with a single zero element and three autocorrelation values is presented. The new almost binary sequence pairs are based on cyclic difference sets and difference set pairs. By applying the method to the binary sequence pairs, new binary sequence pairs with three-level autocorrelation are constructed. It is shown that new sequence pairs from our constructions are balanced or almost balanced and have optimal three-level autocorrelation when the characteristic sequences or sequence pairs of difference sets or difference set pairs are balanced or almost balanced and have optimal autocorrelations.
Viscosity Of Bacterial Suspensions: Hydrodynamic Interactions And Self-Induced Noise, Shawn D. Ryan, Brian M. Haines, Leonid Berlyand, Falko Ziebert, Igor S. Aranson
Viscosity Of Bacterial Suspensions: Hydrodynamic Interactions And Self-Induced Noise, Shawn D. Ryan, Brian M. Haines, Leonid Berlyand, Falko Ziebert, Igor S. Aranson
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
The viscosity of a suspension of swimming bacteria is investigated analytically and numerically. We propose a simple model that allows for efficient computation for a large number of bacteria. Our calculations show that long-range hydrodynamic interactions, intrinsic to self-locomoting objects in a viscous fluid, result in a dramatic reduction of the effective viscosity. In agreement with experiments on suspensions of Bacillus subtilis, we show that the viscosity reduction is related to the onset of large-scale collective motion due to interactions between the swimmers. The simulations reveal that the viscosity reduction occurs only for relatively low concentrations of swimmers: Further …
Multiple Solutions For An Elliptic Problem Related To Vortex Pairs, Yi Li, Shuangjie Peng
Multiple Solutions For An Elliptic Problem Related To Vortex Pairs, Yi Li, Shuangjie Peng
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
Let Ω be a bounded domain in RN (N⩾2), φ a harmonic function in Ω¯. In this paper we study the existence of solutions to the following problem arising in the study of vortex pairs(Pλ){−Δu=λ(u−φ)+p−1,x∈Ω,u=0,x∈∂Ω. The set Ωp={x∈Ω,u(x)>φ} is called “vortex core”. Existence of solutions whose “vortex core” consists of one component and asymptotic behavior of “vortex core” were studied by many authors for large λ recently. Under the condition that φ has k strictly local minimum points on the boundary ∂Ω, we obtain in this paper that for λ large enough, (Pλ) has a solution with “vortex core” …
Gut Flora Metabolism Of Phosphatidylcholine Promotes Cardiovascular Disease, Zeneng Wang, Elizabeth Klipfell, Brian J. Bennett, Robert Koeth, Bruce S. Levison, Brandon Dugar, Ariel E. Feldstein, Earl B. Britt, Xiaoming Fu, Yoo Mi Chung, Yuping Wu, Phil Schauer, Jonathan D. Smith, Hooman Allayee, W.H. Wilson Tang, Joseph A. Didonato, Aldons J. Lusis, Stanley L. Hazen
Gut Flora Metabolism Of Phosphatidylcholine Promotes Cardiovascular Disease, Zeneng Wang, Elizabeth Klipfell, Brian J. Bennett, Robert Koeth, Bruce S. Levison, Brandon Dugar, Ariel E. Feldstein, Earl B. Britt, Xiaoming Fu, Yoo Mi Chung, Yuping Wu, Phil Schauer, Jonathan D. Smith, Hooman Allayee, W.H. Wilson Tang, Joseph A. Didonato, Aldons J. Lusis, Stanley L. Hazen
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
Metabolomics studies hold promise for the discovery of pathways linked to disease processes. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Here we used a metabolomics approach to generate unbiased small-molecule metabolic profiles in plasma that predict risk for CVD. Three metabolites of the dietary lipid phosphatidylcholine—choline, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and betaine—were identified and then shown to predict risk for CVD in an independent large clinical cohort. Dietary supplementation of mice with choline, TMAO or betaine promoted upregulation of multiple macrophage scavenger receptors linked to atherosclerosis, and supplementation with choline or TMAO promoted atherosclerosis. Studies using …
Quantitative Interpretation Of A Genetic Model Of Carcinogenesis Using Computer Simulations, Donghai Dai, Brandon Beck, Xiaofang Wang, Cory Howk, Yi Li
Quantitative Interpretation Of A Genetic Model Of Carcinogenesis Using Computer Simulations, Donghai Dai, Brandon Beck, Xiaofang Wang, Cory Howk, Yi Li
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
The genetic model of tumorigenesis by Vogelstein et al. (V theory) and the molecular definition of cancer hallmarks by Hanahan and Weinberg (W theory) represent two of the most comprehensive and systemic understandings of cancer. Here, we develop a mathematical model that quantitatively interprets these seminal cancer theories, starting from a set of equations describing the short life cycle of an individual cell in uterine epithelium during tissue regeneration. The process of malignant transformation of an individual cell is followed and the tissue (or tumor) is described as a composite of individual cells in order to quantitatively account for intra-tumor …
Projective-Planar Graphs With No K3,4-Minor, John Maharry, Dan Slilaty
Projective-Planar Graphs With No K3,4-Minor, John Maharry, Dan Slilaty
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
An exact structure is described to classify the projective‐planar graphs that do not contain a K3, 4‐minor.
Plasma Myeloperoxidase Predicts Incident Cardiovascular Risks In Stable Patients Undergoing Medical Management For Coronary Artery Disease, W.H. Wilson Tang, Yuping Wu, Stephen J. Nicholls, Stanley L. Hazen
Plasma Myeloperoxidase Predicts Incident Cardiovascular Risks In Stable Patients Undergoing Medical Management For Coronary Artery Disease, W.H. Wilson Tang, Yuping Wu, Stephen J. Nicholls, Stanley L. Hazen
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
BACKGROUND: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentrations predict adverse clinical outcomes in the setting of acute coronary syndromes and heart failure, but the prognostic role of MPO in stable patients with known atherosclerotic burden is unclear. METHODS: We examined plasma MPO concentrations and their relationship with prevalent significant coronary artery disease (defined as >50% stenosis in any coronary vessel) and incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, in a 3-year prospective follow-up study of 1895 patients undergoing elective coronary angiography. RESULTS: The median plasma MPO concentration was 101 pmol/L (interquartile range 68–187 pmol/L). Patients with plasma MPO concentrations …
Diminished Antioxidant Activity Of High-Density Lipoprotein–Associated Proteins In Systolic Heart Failure, W.H. Wilson Tang, Yuping Wu, Shirley Mann, Michael Pepoy, Kevin Shrestha, Allen G. Borowski, Stanley L. Hazen
Diminished Antioxidant Activity Of High-Density Lipoprotein–Associated Proteins In Systolic Heart Failure, W.H. Wilson Tang, Yuping Wu, Shirley Mann, Michael Pepoy, Kevin Shrestha, Allen G. Borowski, Stanley L. Hazen
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
Background— Diminished serum arylesterase activity, catalyzed by the high-density lipoprotein–associated paraoxonase-1, is associated with heightened systemic oxidative stress and atherosclerosis risk. In the present study, we sought to determine the prognostic role of serum arylesterase activity in subjects with systolic heart failure, particularly in relation to established cardiac biomarkers. Methods and Results— We measured serum arylesterase activity in 760 subjects with impaired left ventricular systolic function (left ventricular ejection fraction <50%), and prospectively followed major adverse cardiac events (including death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and stroke) for 3 years. In our study cohort (mean age, 64±11 years; 74% men; median left ventricular ejection fraction, 35%; median creatinine clearance, 96 mg/dL), mean serum arylesterase activity (98±25 μmol/L/min/mL) was lower compared with that in healthy control subjects (mean, 115±26 μmol/L/min/mL, P<0.01) but higher compared with advanced decompensated heart failure subjects (mean, 69±22 μmol/L/min/mL, P<0.01). Within our cohort, there was modest correlation between serum arylesterase activity and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=0.33, P<0.01) as well as B-type natriuretic peptide (r=−0.23, P<0.01). Lower serum arylesterase activity was a strong predictor of poorer outcomes (hazard ratio, 2.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.54, 5.62; P<0.001). After adjusting for traditional risk factors, medication use, B-type natriuretic peptide, and creatinine clearance, lower serum arylesterase still conferred an increased risk of major adverse cardiac events at 3 years (hazard ratio, 2.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.37 to 5.28; P=0.004). Conclusions— In patients with systolic heart failure, decreased serum arylesterase activity, a measure of diminished antioxidant properties of high-density lipoprotein, predicts higher risk of incident long-term adverse cardiac event independent of established clinical and biochemical risk factors.
Discrete-Time Recurrent Neural Network And Its Application To Compression Of Infra-Red Spectrum, Leong-Kwan Li, Sally S. L. Shao
Discrete-Time Recurrent Neural Network And Its Application To Compression Of Infra-Red Spectrum, Leong-Kwan Li, Sally S. L. Shao
Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications
We study the discrete-time recurrent neural network that derived from the Leaky-integrator model and its application to compression of infra-red spec- trum. Our results show that the discrete-time Leaky-integrator recurrent neural network (RNN) model can be used to approximate the continuous-time model and inherit its dynamical characters if a proper step size is chosen. Moreover, the discrete-time Leaky-integrator RNN model is absolutely stable. By developing the double discrete integral method and employing the state space search algorithm for the discrete-time recurrent neural network model, we demonstrate with quality spectra regenerated from the compressed data how to compress the infra-red spectrum …