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Articles 271 - 294 of 294

Full-Text Articles in Mathematics

Computational Geometry Column 41, Joseph O'Rourke Apr 2001

Computational Geometry Column 41, Joseph O'Rourke

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

The recent result that n congruent balls in Rd have at most 4 distinct geometric permutations is described.


Computational Geometry Column 40, Joseph O'Rourke Dec 2000

Computational Geometry Column 40, Joseph O'Rourke

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

It has recently been established by Below, De Loera, and Richter-Gebert that finding a minimum size (or even just a small) triangulation of a convex polyhedron is NP-complete. Their 3SAT-reduction proof is discussed.


On Reconfiguring Tree Linkages: Trees Can Lock, Therese Biedl, Erik D. Demaine, Martin L. Demaine, Sylvain Lazard, Anna Lubiw, Joseph O'Rourke, Steve Robbins, Ileana Streinu, Godfried Toussaint, Sue Whitesides Sep 2000

On Reconfiguring Tree Linkages: Trees Can Lock, Therese Biedl, Erik D. Demaine, Martin L. Demaine, Sylvain Lazard, Anna Lubiw, Joseph O'Rourke, Steve Robbins, Ileana Streinu, Godfried Toussaint, Sue Whitesides

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

It has recently been shown that any simple (i.e. nonintersecting) polygonal chain in the plane can be reconfigured to lie on a straight line, and any simple polygon can be reconfigured to be convex. This result cannot be extended to tree linkages: we show that there are trees with two simple configurations that are not connected by a motion that preserves simplicity throughout the motion. Indeed, we prove that an N-link tree can have 2Ω(N) equivalence classes of configurations.


Pushpush And Push-1 Are Np-Hard In 2d, Erik D. Demaine, Martin L. Demaine, Joseph O'Rourke Sep 2000

Pushpush And Push-1 Are Np-Hard In 2d, Erik D. Demaine, Martin L. Demaine, Joseph O'Rourke

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

We prove that two pushing-blocks puzzles are intractable in 2D. One of our constructions improves an earlier result that established intractability in 3D [OS99] for a puzzle inspired by the game PushPush. The second construction answers a question we raised in [DDO00] for a variant we call Push-1. Both puzzles consist of unit square blocks on an integer lattice; all blocks are movable. An agent may push blocks (but never pull them) in attempting to move between given start and goal positions. In the PushPush version, the agent can only push one block at a time, and moreover when a …


Computational Geometry Column 39, Joseph O'Rourke Aug 2000

Computational Geometry Column 39, Joseph O'Rourke

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

The resolution of a decades-old open problem is described: polygonal chains cannot lock in the plane.


Examples, Counterexamples, And Enumeration Results For Foldings And Unfoldings Between Polygons And Polytopes, Erik D. Demaine, Martin L. Demaine, Anna Lubiw, Joseph O'Rourke Jul 2000

Examples, Counterexamples, And Enumeration Results For Foldings And Unfoldings Between Polygons And Polytopes, Erik D. Demaine, Martin L. Demaine, Anna Lubiw, Joseph O'Rourke

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

We investigate how to make the surface of a convex polyhedron (a polytope) by folding up a polygon and gluing its perimeter shut, and the reverse process of cutting open a polytope and unfolding it to a polygon. We explore basic enumeration questions in both directions: Given a polygon, how many foldings are there? Given a polytope, how many unfoldings are there to simple polygons? Throughout we give special attention to convex polygons, and to regular polygons. We show that every convex polygon folds to an infinite number of distinct polytopes, but that their number of combinatorially distinct gluings is …


Computational Geometry Column 38, Joseph O'Rourke Apr 2000

Computational Geometry Column 38, Joseph O'Rourke

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

Recent results on curve reconstruction are described.


Computational Geometry Column 37, Erik D. Demaine, Joseph O'Rourke Feb 2000

Computational Geometry Column 37, Erik D. Demaine, Joseph O'Rourke

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

Open problems from the 15th Annual ACM Symposium on Computational Geometry.


Pushpush Is Np-Hard In 2d, Erik D. Demaine, Martin L. Demaine, Joseph O'Rourke Jan 2000

Pushpush Is Np-Hard In 2d, Erik D. Demaine, Martin L. Demaine, Joseph O'Rourke

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

We prove that a particular pushing-blocks puzzle is intractable in 2D, improving an earlier result that established intractability in 3D [OS99]. The puzzle, inspired by the game *PushPush*, consists of unit square blocks on an integer lattice. An agent may push blocks (but never pull them) in attempting to move between given start and goal positions. In the PushPush version, the agent can only push one block at a time, and moreover, each block, when pushed, slides the maximal extent of its free range. We prove this version is NP-hard in 2D by reduction from SAT.


Computational Geometry Column 36, Joseph O'Rourke Dec 1999

Computational Geometry Column 36, Joseph O'Rourke

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

Two results in "computational origami" are illustrated.


Pushpush Is Np-Hard In 3d, Joseph O'Rourke, The Smith Problem Solving Group Nov 1999

Pushpush Is Np-Hard In 3d, Joseph O'Rourke, The Smith Problem Solving Group

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

We prove that a particular pushing-blocks puzzle is intractable in 3D. The puzzle, inspired by the game PushPush, consists of unit square blocks on an integer lattice. An agent may push blocks (but never pull them) in attempting to move between given start and goal positions. In the PushPush version, the agent can only push one block at a time, and moreover, each block, when pushed, slides the maximal extent of its free range. We prove this version is NP-hard in 3D by reduction from SAT. The corresponding problem in 2D remains open.


Zero-Parity Stabbing Information, Joseph O'Rourke, Irena Pashchenko Jun 1999

Zero-Parity Stabbing Information, Joseph O'Rourke, Irena Pashchenko

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

Everett et al. [EHN96, EHN97] introduced several varieties of stabbing information for the lines determined by pairs of vertices of a simple polygon P, and established their relationships to vertex visibility and other combinatorial data. In the same spirit, we define the “zero-parity (ZP) stabbing information” to be a natural weakening of their “weak stabbing information,” retaining only the distinction among {zero, odd, even > 0} in the number of polygon edges stabbed. Whereas the weak stabbing information’s relation to visibility remains an open problem, we completely settle the analogous questions for zero parity information, with three results: (1) ZP information …


Lagrangian Systems On Hyperbolic Manifolds, Philip Boyland, Christophe Golé Jan 1999

Lagrangian Systems On Hyperbolic Manifolds, Philip Boyland, Christophe Golé

Mathematics Sciences: Faculty Publications

This paper gives two results that show that the dynamics of a time-periodic Lagrangian system on a hyperbolic manifold are at least as complicated as the geodesic flow of a hyperbolic metric. Given a hyperbolic geodesic in the Poincaré ball, Theorem A asserts that there are minimizers of the lift of the Lagrangian system that are a bounded distance away and have a variety of approximate speeds. Theorem B gives the existence of a collection of compact invariant sets of the Euler-Lagrange flow that are semiconjugate to the geodesic flow of a hyperbolic metric. These results can be viewed as …


Locked And Unlocked Polygonal Chains In 3d, Therese Biedl, Erik D. Demaine, Martin L. Demaine, Sylvain Lazard, Anna Lubiw, Joseph O'Rourke, Mark Overmars, Steve Robbins, Ileana Streinu, Godfried Toussaint, Sue Whitesides Jan 1999

Locked And Unlocked Polygonal Chains In 3d, Therese Biedl, Erik D. Demaine, Martin L. Demaine, Sylvain Lazard, Anna Lubiw, Joseph O'Rourke, Mark Overmars, Steve Robbins, Ileana Streinu, Godfried Toussaint, Sue Whitesides

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

In this paper, we study movements of simple polygonal chains in 3D. We say that an open, simple polygonal chain can be straightened if it can be continuously reconfigured to a straight sequence of segments in such a manner that both the length of each link and the simplicity of the chain are maintained throughout the movement. The analogous concept for closed chains is convexification: reconfiguration to a planar convex polygon. Chains that cannot be straightened or convexified are called locked. While there are open chains in 3D that are locked, we show that if an open chain has a …


Computational Geometry Column 35, Joseph O'Rourke Jan 1999

Computational Geometry Column 35, Joseph O'Rourke

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

The subquadratic algorithm of Kapoor for finding shortest paths on a polyhedron is described.


Computational Geometry Column 33, Joseph O'Rourke Jun 1998

Computational Geometry Column 33, Joseph O'Rourke

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

Several recent SIGGRAPH papers on surface simplification are described.


A Version Of A Theorem Of Dahlberg For The Subelliptic Dirichlet Problem, Luca Capogna, Nicola Garofalo, Duy Minh Nhieu Jan 1998

A Version Of A Theorem Of Dahlberg For The Subelliptic Dirichlet Problem, Luca Capogna, Nicola Garofalo, Duy Minh Nhieu

Mathematics Sciences: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Computational Geometry Column 34, Pankaj K. Agarwal, Joseph O'Rourke Jan 1998

Computational Geometry Column 34, Pankaj K. Agarwal, Joseph O'Rourke

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

Problems presented at the open-problem session of the 14th Annual ACM Symposium on Computational Geometry are listed.


Computational Geometry Column 32, Joseph O'Rourke Oct 1997

Computational Geometry Column 32, Joseph O'Rourke

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

The proof of Dey's new k-set bound is illustrated.


A Note On Carnot Geodesics In Nilpotent Lie Groups, Christophe Golé, Ron Karidi Oct 1995

A Note On Carnot Geodesics In Nilpotent Lie Groups, Christophe Golé, Ron Karidi

Mathematics Sciences: Faculty Publications

We show that strictly abnormal geodesics arise in graded nilpotent Lie groups. We construct a group, with a left invariant bracket-generating distribution, for which some Carnot geodecics are strictly abnormal and, in fact, not normal in any subgroup. In the 2-step case we also prove that these geodesics are always smooth. Our main technique is based on the equations for the normal and abnormal curves, which we derive (for any Lie group) explicitly in terms of the structure constants. © 1995 Plenum Publishing Corporation.


Optical Hamiltonians And Symplectic Twist Maps, Christophe Golé Feb 1994

Optical Hamiltonians And Symplectic Twist Maps, Christophe Golé

Mathematics Sciences: Faculty Publications

This paper concentrates on optical Hamiltonian systems of T*Tn, i.e., those for which Hpp is a positive definite matrix, and their relationship with symplectic twist maps. We present theorems of decomposition by symplectic twist maps and existence of periodic orbits for these systems. The novelty of these results resides in the fact that no explicit asymptotic condition is imposed on the system.


Periodic Orbits For Hamiltonian Systems In Cotangent Bundles, Christophe Golé Jan 1994

Periodic Orbits For Hamiltonian Systems In Cotangent Bundles, Christophe Golé

Mathematics Sciences: Faculty Publications

We prove the existence of at least cl(Af) periodic orbits for certain time-dependent Hamiltonian systems on the cotangent bundle of an arbitrary compact manifold M. These Hamiltonians are not necessarily convex but they satisfy a certain boundary condition given by a Riemannian metric on M. We discretize the variational problem by decomposing the time-1 map into a product of "symplectic twist maps". A second theorem deals with homotopically non-trivial orbits of negative curvature.


A New Proof Of The Aubry-Mather's Theorem, Christophe Golé Dec 1992

A New Proof Of The Aubry-Mather's Theorem, Christophe Golé

Mathematics Sciences: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Ghost Circles For Twist Maps, Christophe Golé Jan 1992

Ghost Circles For Twist Maps, Christophe Golé

Mathematics Sciences: Faculty Publications

Completely ordered invariant circles are found for the gradient of the energy flow in the state space, containing the critical sets corresponding to the Birkhoff orbits of all rotation number. In particular, these ghost circles contain the Aubry-Mather sets and map-invariant circles as completely critical sets when these exist. We give a criterion for a sequence of rational ghost circles to converge to a completely critical one.