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Full-Text Articles in Water Resource Management
Efficient Methods For Optimizing Hydropower Under Uncertainty, Timothy Michael Magee Jr., Edith A. Zagona, Mitch Clement
Efficient Methods For Optimizing Hydropower Under Uncertainty, Timothy Michael Magee Jr., Edith A. Zagona, Mitch Clement
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
There are several sources of uncertainty in scheduling hydropower: reservoir inflows, power generation, demand and value, and the value of water remaining in storage at the end of the planning horizon. RiverWare is an object oriented modeling tool widely used for the operations and planning of large and small systems of reservoirs. Typically, short term optimization of hydropower is complicated by the need to meet a wide variety of prioritized non-power constraints and RiverWare is designed to satisfy these constraints to the extent possible. We present four different approaches that use deterministic methods combined with uncertainty models to efficiently optimize …
Impact Assessment Of Organic Contamination On Intake Quality Of Coastal Desalination Plants Using Fate Transport Modeling, Walid Elshorbagy
Impact Assessment Of Organic Contamination On Intake Quality Of Coastal Desalination Plants Using Fate Transport Modeling, Walid Elshorbagy
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Intake water of coastal desalination plants may be subjected to different types of organic pollutants originated from different sources including nearby effluents, loading/unloading of offshore stations, and/or accidental oil spills in the nearby marine water. In United Arab Emirates (UAE), many of such desalination plants are located along one coast hosting desalination plants, refineries and other coastal facilities while many oil tankers are loaded/unloaded from nearby offshore stations. A number of organic pollutants are generated from these sources and can potentially threaten the quality of intake seawater of the nearby desalination plants. This paper assesses the impacts of two selected …
Assessment Of Blackbox Optimization Methods For Efficient Calibration Of Computationally Intensive Hydrological Models, Pierre-Luc Huot, Annie Poulin, Stéphane Alarie
Assessment Of Blackbox Optimization Methods For Efficient Calibration Of Computationally Intensive Hydrological Models, Pierre-Luc Huot, Annie Poulin, Stéphane Alarie
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Many studies have shown the effectiveness of blackbox optimization algorithms for the calibration of lumped conceptual hydrological models. Among these algorithms, the « Shuffled Complex Evolution method developed at the University of Arizona » (SCE-UA) is a very popular one. However, when it comes to calibrating distributed and/or physically-based models, computational efficiency becomes an issue. A single simulation with this type of model may take several minutes and the optimization process may require more than thousands of simulations. To alleviate this problem, two recently developed optimization methods, « Dynamically Dimensioned Search » (DDS) and « Nonsmooth Optimization by Mesh Adaptive …
Interactive Web-Based Flood Simulation System As An Education Platform For Hydrological Concepts, Ibrahim Demir
Interactive Web-Based Flood Simulation System As An Education Platform For Hydrological Concepts, Ibrahim Demir
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Recent developments in web technologies make it easy to manage and visualize large data sets with general public. Novel visualization techniques and dynamic user interfaces allow users to create realistic environments, and interact with data to gain insight from simulations and environmental observations. The floodplain simulation system is a web-based 3D interactive flood simulation environment to create real world flooding scenarios. The simulation systems provides a visually striking platform with realistic terrain information, and water simulation. Students can create and modify predefined scenarios, control environmental parameters, and evaluate flood mitigation techniques. The web-based simulation system provides an environment for students …
Short-Term Optimization Model With Esp Forecasts For Columbia Hydropower System With Optimized Multi-Turbine Powerhouses, Jery R. Stedinger, Sue Nee Tan, Christine A. Shoemaker, Jonathan R. Lamontagne, Steven B. Barton
Short-Term Optimization Model With Esp Forecasts For Columbia Hydropower System With Optimized Multi-Turbine Powerhouses, Jery R. Stedinger, Sue Nee Tan, Christine A. Shoemaker, Jonathan R. Lamontagne, Steven B. Barton
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Hydroelectric generation is the major source of electric energy in the Pacific Northwestern region of the United States, and efficient operation of that system while meeting environmental constraints and reserve capacity demands is an important economic, environmental, and social issue. This paper describes efforts to develop a new stochastic short-term scheduling model (with perhaps a 3-week planning horizon) for the ten major reservoirs operated by the federal Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) on the Columbia and Snake River systems. The analysis incorporates time-delays (up to 24 hours in a model with time steps increasing from 6 hours initially perhaps to 24 …
The Potential Of Kohonen Method For Classifying Rivers Focused On Regional Environmental Flow Determination With Eloha, Federico Gonzalez Cuellar, Nelson Obregon Neira
The Potential Of Kohonen Method For Classifying Rivers Focused On Regional Environmental Flow Determination With Eloha, Federico Gonzalez Cuellar, Nelson Obregon Neira
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
This article highlights the potential benefits that the Kohonen method has for the classification of rivers with similar characteristics by determining regional ecological flows using the ELOHA (Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration) methodology. Currently, there are many methodologies for the classification of rivers, however none of them include the characteristics found in Kohonen method such as (i) providing the number of groups that actually underlie the information presented, (ii) used to make variable importance analysis, (iii) which in any case can display two-dimensional classification process, and (iv) that regardless of the parameters used in the model the clustering structure remains. …
A Comparative Study Of Accuracy And Performance Between A Fully 2d Gpu Based And A 1d-2d Coupled Numerical Model In A Real River, Mario Morales-Hernández, Asier Lacasta, Javier Murillo, Pilar Brufau, Pilar García-Navarro
A Comparative Study Of Accuracy And Performance Between A Fully 2d Gpu Based And A 1d-2d Coupled Numerical Model In A Real River, Mario Morales-Hernández, Asier Lacasta, Javier Murillo, Pilar Brufau, Pilar García-Navarro
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Hydraulic simulation is becoming a very widely used tool to provide information about the duration, the extension and the magnitude of a flooding episode. In the last decade, the advances in the numerical schemes, connected to the evolution experimented in the power of computers have allowed to aim for maximum accuracy in the results instead of working with simplified models. In particular, two main implementations have been extensively developed in the recent years: 1D-2D coupled numerical models and fully 2D models under GPU technologies. These strategies allow to simulate a wide range of applications over large domains and time scale …
Delivering And Evaluating Multiple Flood Risk Benefits In Blue-Green Cities, Nigel G. Wright, Colin Thorne
Delivering And Evaluating Multiple Flood Risk Benefits In Blue-Green Cities, Nigel G. Wright, Colin Thorne
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
In the UK a research consortium has been funded to develop new strategies for managing urban flood risk as part of wider, integrated urban planning intended to achieve environmental enhancement and urban renewal in which multiple benefits of Blue-Green Cities are rigorously evaluated and understood. This approach is very much part of the resilience paradigm and seeks to develop the socio-technical tools required to fully evaluate resilience options as part of a wider system. The Consortium’s objectives are to: Put competent authorities, businesses and communities at the centre of the research by establishing feedback pathways between them and the FRM …
Delaware Reservoirs’ Drought Risk Assessment: A Paleo View, Naresh Devineni, Gokce Ceylan
Delaware Reservoirs’ Drought Risk Assessment: A Paleo View, Naresh Devineni, Gokce Ceylan
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
The Delaware River provides half of New York City's drinking water, is a habitat for wild trout, American shad and the federally endangered dwarf wedge mussel. It has suffered four 100‐year floods in the last seven years. A drought during the 1960s stands as a warning of the potential vulnerability of the New York City area to severe water shortages if a similar drought were to recur. The water releases from three New York City dams on the Delaware River's headwaters impact not only the reliability of the city’s water supply, but also the potential impact of floods, and the …
A Simulation Based Optimal Control System For Water Resources, Asier Lacasta, Mario Morales-Hernández, Pilar Brufau, Pilar García-Navarro
A Simulation Based Optimal Control System For Water Resources, Asier Lacasta, Mario Morales-Hernández, Pilar Brufau, Pilar García-Navarro
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Nowadays, the increasing demand of water resources has become one of the most relevant issues when water supply must be guaranteed as in the case of irrigation comunities. It becomes difficult to provide the predictive optimal behavior of regulation structures when the regime of the flow is changing in time and, moreover, when this regulation modifies the hydraulic conditions of the structure. One of the most widely used solution for control is PID. The disadvantages of PID control are the difficulties in the presence of non-linearities as well as the PID parameters tuning. Taking into account previous works about sluice …
Numerical Simulations And Laboratory Measurements In Hydraulic Jumps, Luis G. Castillo, José M. Carrillo, Juan T. García, Antonio Vigueras-Rodríguez
Numerical Simulations And Laboratory Measurements In Hydraulic Jumps, Luis G. Castillo, José M. Carrillo, Juan T. García, Antonio Vigueras-Rodríguez
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Hydraulic jump is one of the most extended and effective mechanism for hydraulic energy dissipation. Usually, hydraulic jump characteristics have been studied through physical models. Nowadays, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are an important tool that can help to analyze and to understand complex phenomena that involve high turbulence and air entrainment cases. Free and submerged hydraulic jumps with Froude numbers from 2.9 to 5.5 are studied in a rectangular channel downstream a sluice gate. Velocity measurements with different flow rates are carried out by using Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) and Particle Image Velocimeter (PIV) instrumentations. In this paper, laboratory measurements …
Reliability Analysis Approach For Operations Planning Of Hydropower Systems, Jiyi Zhou, Ziad K. Shawwash, Daniel Archila, Paul Vassilev, Vladimir Plesa, Gillian Kong, Alaa Abdalla
Reliability Analysis Approach For Operations Planning Of Hydropower Systems, Jiyi Zhou, Ziad K. Shawwash, Daniel Archila, Paul Vassilev, Vladimir Plesa, Gillian Kong, Alaa Abdalla
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Many existing hydropower storage facilities were built decades ago and components of these aging infrastructure facilities have higher risk of failure. Insufficient capacity or forced outages of the spillway and other waterway passage facilities during flooding incident could potentially increase the probability of dam safety incidents leading to public safety concerns. Currently approaches used to assess the risk and uncertainty in operational decision making are mainly based on qualitative assessment and expert judgment and can be significantly improved by the development of a framework that formally incorporates both qualitative and quantitative reliability analysis methods. Event tree analysis and fault tree …
Development Of A Gis-Based Watershed Modeling Tool, Van Thinh Nguyen, Hong Ha Nguyen
Development Of A Gis-Based Watershed Modeling Tool, Van Thinh Nguyen, Hong Ha Nguyen
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
A GIS-based numerical tool makes watershed and water quality studies easier by bringing key data and analytical components under one GIS roof. Using the familiar Windows environment, analysts can efficiently access international and national environmental information, apply assessment and planning tools, and run a variety of proven, robust point and non-point loading and water quality models. With many of necessary components together in one system, the analysis time is significantly reduced, a greater variety of questions can be answered, and data and management needs can be more efficiently identified. Minimal data requirements and an ease of application are a motivation …
A New Automated Approach To Sewershed Delineation For Urban Drainage Modelling Studies: A City Of Toronto Case Study, Saalih M. Shamead, Celia Fan, Weihua Cao, Doug Banting, Darko Joksimovic, James Li
A New Automated Approach To Sewershed Delineation For Urban Drainage Modelling Studies: A City Of Toronto Case Study, Saalih M. Shamead, Celia Fan, Weihua Cao, Doug Banting, Darko Joksimovic, James Li
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Toronto Water is developing a new detailed urban drainage model of the City's combined service area. The traditional manual delineation of sewersheds by the City of Toronto, deemed a tedious and subjective process, was not efficient enough to develop the large model. Instead, an automated approach was developed relying upon the powerful Arc Hydro Engine that helps eliminate the subjectivity of the former process and potentially holds great promise in being applied elsewhere. The process considers the topography of the urban environment by burning in both the roads and storm and combined sewers with catch basins attached to them while …
City Of Toronto’S Approach On Implementing The New Federal Wastewater Effluent Regulations Using A Gis-Based Hydrologic And Hydraulic Model, Celia Fan, Weihua Cao, Darko Joksimovic, James Li, Doug Banting, Saalih M. Shamead, Jian Lei
City Of Toronto’S Approach On Implementing The New Federal Wastewater Effluent Regulations Using A Gis-Based Hydrologic And Hydraulic Model, Celia Fan, Weihua Cao, Darko Joksimovic, James Li, Doug Banting, Saalih M. Shamead, Jian Lei
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Canada releases over 150 billion litres of untreated and undertreated wastewater into the water environment every year1. To clean up urban wastewater, new Federal Wastewater Systems Effluent Regulations (WSER) on establishing national baseline effluent quality standards that are achievable through secondary wastewater treatment were enacted on July 18, 2012. With respect to the wastewater from the combined sewer overflows (CSO), the Regulations require the municipalities to report the annual quantity and frequency of effluent discharges. The City of Toronto currently has about 300 CSO locations within an area of approximately 16,550 hectares. The total sewer length of the CSO area …
Numerical Simulation Of Sediment Transport And Bedmorphology Around A Hydraulic Structure On A River, Van Thinh Nguyen, Carlos Serrano Moreno
Numerical Simulation Of Sediment Transport And Bedmorphology Around A Hydraulic Structure On A River, Van Thinh Nguyen, Carlos Serrano Moreno
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Scour around hydraulic structures is a critical problem in hydraulic engineering. Under prediction of scour depth may lead to costly failures of the structure, while over prediction might result in unnecessary costs. Unfortunately, up-to-date empirical scour prediction formulas are based on laboratory experiments that are not always able to reproduce field conditions due to complicated geometry of rivers and temporal and spatial scales of a physical model. However, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools can perform using real field dimensions and operating conditions to predict sediment scour around hydraulic structures. In Korea, after completing the Four Major Rivers Restoration Project, several …
Does Hyporheic Intensity Explain Spawning Site Selection?, Rohan Benjankar, Daniele Tonina, Jim Mckean, Daniel J. Isaak
Does Hyporheic Intensity Explain Spawning Site Selection?, Rohan Benjankar, Daniele Tonina, Jim Mckean, Daniel J. Isaak
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Pool, riffle and runs are streambed features and important habitats for aquatic species. It is well-known that salmonid species utilize these streambed features as spawning site. Pools are characterized by deep water depth, low velocity and gentle water surface slope, whereas riffles are characterized by shallow depth, high velocity and steep slope. Past studies have used hydrodynamic model simulated hydraulic characteristics such as depth, velocity and shear stress to delineate these features. However, the magnitude of these hydraulic characteristics may vary significantly with the discharge and longitudinal slope of the stream. Additionally, these indexes still do not entirely explain the …
Hydrodynamic Simulations Of Vacuum-Driven Storage Tanks, Maciej Mrowiec, Oliwia Kochanska
Hydrodynamic Simulations Of Vacuum-Driven Storage Tanks, Maciej Mrowiec, Oliwia Kochanska
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
As a result of urbanization, stormwater runoff flow rates and volumes are significantly increased due to increasing impervious land cover and the decreased availability of depression storage. Storage tanks are the basic devices to efficiently control the flow rate in drainage systems during wet weather. Presented in the paper conception of vacuum-driven detention tanks allows to increase the storage capacity by usage of space above the free surface water elevation at the inlet channel. Partial vacuum storage makes possible to gain cost savings by reduction of both the horizontal area of the detention tank and necessary depth of foundations. Simulation …
Swmm5-Ea – A Tool For Learning Optimization Of Urban Drainage And Sewerage Systems With Genetic Algorithms, Assela Pathirana
Swmm5-Ea – A Tool For Learning Optimization Of Urban Drainage And Sewerage Systems With Genetic Algorithms, Assela Pathirana
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
In spite of the developments in the application of evolutionary algorithms in the urban water sector, it is not widely used by practitioners in their day to day work. A reason for this underutilization is the lack of accessible optimization tools. The available limited options, on the one extreme, are characterized by tools for very specific applications (e.g. pipe sizing): While these provide useful optimization applications in specific domains, they are too restrictive in the range of application. The other extreme is to `glue-together’ a general purpose EA library and other required algorithms (e.g. an urban drainage simulation model) using …
A Simulation-Optimization Model For Optimal Estimation Of The Locations And Chlorine Injection Rates Of The Booster Stations In Water Distribution Networks, Serife Gokce, Tamer Ayvaz
A Simulation-Optimization Model For Optimal Estimation Of The Locations And Chlorine Injection Rates Of The Booster Stations In Water Distribution Networks, Serife Gokce, Tamer Ayvaz
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
The main objective of this study is to present a simulation-optimization model to determine the locations and disinfectant injection dosages of the booster stations for maintaining the disinfectant residual limits in drinking water distribution networks. The proposed model accomplishes this task by utilizing the global exploration feature of the Differential Evolution (DE) optimization algorithm. The objective of the DE based optimization model is to maximize an aggregated objective function value which includes two conflicting objectives. While the first objective aims to maximize the percentage of water within the specified residual limits, the second one deals with the minimization of the …
Considering The Effect Of Uncertainty And Variability In The Synthetic Generation Of Influent Wastewater Time Series, Mansour Talebizadehsardari, Evangelia Belia, Peter A. Vanrolleghem
Considering The Effect Of Uncertainty And Variability In The Synthetic Generation Of Influent Wastewater Time Series, Mansour Talebizadehsardari, Evangelia Belia, Peter A. Vanrolleghem
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
The availability of influent wastewater time series is crucial for assessing the performance of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) under dynamic flow and loading conditions. Given the difficulty of collecting sufficient data, synthetic generation may be the only option. Usually, the main constituents of the influent time series (e.g. flow, COD, TSS, TKN) show periodic, auto-correlation, and cross-correlation structures in time. Therefore researchers have used statistical models (e.g. auto-regressive time series models) for random generation of the influent time series. However, these regular patterns in time could be significantly distorted during rain events (wet weather flow (WWF) conditions) in which …
Reducing The Risk Of Floods In Urban Areas With Combined Inland-River System, Young-Il Moon, Jong-Suk Kim
Reducing The Risk Of Floods In Urban Areas With Combined Inland-River System, Young-Il Moon, Jong-Suk Kim
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
With the change of the water environment in accordance with climate change, the loss of lives and properties has increased due to urban flood. Although the importance of urban floods has been highlighted quickly, the construction of advancement technology of an urban drainage system combined with inland-river water and its relevant research has not been emphasized in Korea. In addition, without operation in consideration of combined inland-river water, it is difficult to prevent urban flooding effectively. This study, therefore, develops the uncertainty quantification technology of the risk-based water level and the assessment technology of a flood-risk region through a flooding …
Development Of A Repository For Hydrologic Model Uncertainty Data, Elius Etienne, Michael Piasecki
Development Of A Repository For Hydrologic Model Uncertainty Data, Elius Etienne, Michael Piasecki
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Hydrologic processes are complex and when modeling them using a deterministic or stochastic approach one invariably introduces errors because of simplifications and assumptions made. However, not all assumptions and simplifications in the approach chosen produce the amount of errors; in fact the impact of deviations from the truth on a final output set of variables varies greatly. In addition, not every catchment behaves alike adding another layer of complexity to the modeling effort. Hence, every approach exhibits a degree of uncertainty in their results. While this uncertainty can be examined systematically in this technical note we focus on the development …
Practical Application Of Pressure-Dependent Epanet Extension, Alemtsehay G. Seyoum, Tiku T. Tanyimboh
Practical Application Of Pressure-Dependent Epanet Extension, Alemtsehay G. Seyoum, Tiku T. Tanyimboh
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Hydraulic models have been widely used in the design and operation of water distribution system (WDSs). The models enable planning for possible changes in the system under a wide range of conditions. Under abnormal operating condition, for instance, WDSs become pressure deficient and unable to satisfy demand fully. In such circumstances, pressure dependent models are suitable to quantify the shortfall in flow and pressure accurately for crucial decision-making. Most recently, a pressure dependent extension of the renowned EPANET hydraulic simulator was developed to enable modelling of pressure deficient networks. The model has an integrated pressure dependent demand (i.e. nodal flow) …
Cawat – A Catchment Water Allocation Tool For Integrated Irrigation And Aquaculture Development In Small Watersheds, Xueliang Cai, Suan Pheng Kam, Bui Tan Yen, Aditya Sood, Hoanh Chu Thai
Cawat – A Catchment Water Allocation Tool For Integrated Irrigation And Aquaculture Development In Small Watersheds, Xueliang Cai, Suan Pheng Kam, Bui Tan Yen, Aditya Sood, Hoanh Chu Thai
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Water resources development has seen little development in the vast rural areas of Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) due to lack of investment, means of access and poor policy environment. In search of sustainable and efficient water resources development, participatory approach is widely accepted as a key strategy for water resources development and conservations in many SSA countries. To encourage bottom-up solutions for local water resources development, a Catchment Water Allocation Tool (CaWAT) was developed to aid rural water resources planning for agriculture in small watersheds. The tool is based on water balance accounting to examine water allocations among different users. It …
Searching For Empirical Evidence Of Complex Hydrological Behavior In Urbanizing Basins, Tijana Jovanovic, Ridwan Siddique, Alfonso Mejia
Searching For Empirical Evidence Of Complex Hydrological Behavior In Urbanizing Basins, Tijana Jovanovic, Ridwan Siddique, Alfonso Mejia
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Urban living accounts for approximately 50% of the worldwide population and this percentage will continue to rise in the decades to come. Urbanizing landscapes and their associated processes represent key aspects of coupled natural and human systems. Additionally, they can influence and cause impacts on regional broad-scale basin hydrology, stream and riparian ecosystems, and water quality. For this research, it is hypothesized that streamflow and water quality time series data for urbanizing basins may exhibit signs of complexity such as long range correlations, state transitions, and chaotic dynamics. To explore this hypothesis, we will use tools from statistical physics and …
Development Of River Recreation Index Model Reflecting Fuzziness In Water Quality Data, Il Won Seo, Soo-Yeon Choi
Development Of River Recreation Index Model Reflecting Fuzziness In Water Quality Data, Il Won Seo, Soo-Yeon Choi
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Recreational activities in rivers are gaining popularities in Korea due to increase of household income and rehabilitation of riverside. As a lot of people enjoy recreation in water, proper information on the water quality of rivers should be provided to the public in order to secure the safety of publics. In this research, a River Recreation Index (RRI) model was developed based on fuzzy set theory. RRI is the integrated index of important water quality parameters related to recreational activities in rivers and expressed as point from 0 to 100. The fuzzy synthetic evaluation approach was used to reflect the …
Response Of River Hydrological And Habitat Features To Water Supplement By Upstream Dam In Lijiang River, China, Ruonan Li, Qiuwen Chen, Duan Chen, Rui Han
Response Of River Hydrological And Habitat Features To Water Supplement By Upstream Dam In Lijiang River, China, Ruonan Li, Qiuwen Chen, Duan Chen, Rui Han
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
River development has impact on river hydrology instantly, and then produces far-reaching influence on river ecology gradually. Research on hydrological and ecological response to river environmental variation has caught much attention for river sustainable exploitation. This research, takingLijiangRiveras a case, developed a river habitat model integrated with water environmental model, which used to analyze the relations of hydrological and habitat features to flow regime variation due to upstream reservoir operation. This paper analyzed the hydraulic and water quality variation under two different flow schemes, and assessed habitat evolution before and after implementation of water supplement project. Finally, the optimum objective …
Decision Tree Analysis Of Processes Generating Water-Related Building Damage: A Case Study In Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Matthieu Spekkers, Francois Clemens, Marie-Claire Ten Veldhuis
Decision Tree Analysis Of Processes Generating Water-Related Building Damage: A Case Study In Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Matthieu Spekkers, Francois Clemens, Marie-Claire Ten Veldhuis
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
The objective of this study was to identify the main failure mechanisms behind water-related building damage and to investigate to what extent these processes are related to characteristics of buildings and rainfall events. Results are based on the mining of property level insurance damage data, for a case study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. This study has found that most frequent causes of water-related damage relate to roof leakages (28%), bursts of household water supply pipes (19%) and blocked household wastewater systems (18%). Cases of sewer flooding or depression filling were less present (2.4% and 0.6%), but showed stronger correlations with …
Short-Term Evaporation Estimating From Complex Small Lakes In Arid And Semi-Arid Regions, Ali Abbasi, Nick Van De Giesen
Short-Term Evaporation Estimating From Complex Small Lakes In Arid And Semi-Arid Regions, Ali Abbasi, Nick Van De Giesen
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
In many parts of the world, the available water resources are now being used close to their limits. Global climate change, the increasing population of the earth and ever-increasing standards of living and consequent growing demand of water are bringing water sustainability into sharp focus. Evaporation as a major component of the hydrologic cycle, is the largest one of water loss from lakes especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Because of lacking of understanding of the thermodynamics of atmospheric boundary layer(ABL) and heat exchange between the water surface and atmosphere, an accurate estimation of evaporation from water surfaces is almost …