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Articles 481 - 510 of 518
Full-Text Articles in Water Resource Management
Flash Flood Simulation Using Geomorphic Unit Hydrograph Method: Case Study Of Headwater Catchment Of Xiapu River Basin, China, Dawei Zhang, Jin Quan, Fan Wang, Xiaoyan He
Flash Flood Simulation Using Geomorphic Unit Hydrograph Method: Case Study Of Headwater Catchment Of Xiapu River Basin, China, Dawei Zhang, Jin Quan, Fan Wang, Xiaoyan He
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
The flash flood refers to flood produced by heavy local rainfalls and often occurs in mountainous areas. It is characterized by a quick rise of water level causing a great threat to the lives of those exposed. Many countries and regions face the threat of flash floods. However, some traditional hydrological models can hardly simulate the flash flood process well due to the lack of hydrological data and the insufficient understanding of complicated runoff mechanism in mountainous and hilly areas. According to this condition, a new hydrological model based on the framework of Xinanjiang model, widely used in humid and …
Committees Of Specialized Conceptual Hydrological Models: Comparative Study, Nagendra Kayastha, Dimitri P. Solomatine
Committees Of Specialized Conceptual Hydrological Models: Comparative Study, Nagendra Kayastha, Dimitri P. Solomatine
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Committee modelling approach is skillful prediction in the domain of hydrological modelling that allows explicitly to derive predictive model outputs. In this approach, the different individual models are optimally combined. Generally if a single hydrological model or the model calibrated by the single aggregated objective function it is hard to capture all facets of a complex process and to present the best possible model outputs. This model could be either capable for high flows or for low flows or not for both cases hence more flexible modelling architectures are required. Here the possibilities is building several specialized models each of …
Hybrid Model Approach To Water Monitoring Network Design, Paulin Coulibaly, Jos Samuel
Hybrid Model Approach To Water Monitoring Network Design, Paulin Coulibaly, Jos Samuel
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Hybrid modeling approach including regionalization method, entropy technique, and Bayesian multiobjective optimization algorithm is proposed for optimum water monitoring network design. For hydrometric network design, all the components of the hybrid model are used as follows. Robust regionalization method is used to generate streamflow at all possible locations of new stations, and dual entropy-multiobjective optimization methods are used to optimize the number and locations of the new stations. For precipitation (rainfall or snowfall) network design, only the dual entropy-multiobjective optimization modules are used to optimize the number and locations of new stations based on an initial grid points which can …
Modeling Shallow Water Flow And Transport Processes With Small Water Depths Using The Hydroinformatics Modelling System, Ilhan Özgen, Franz Simons, Jiaheng Zhao, Reinhard Hinkelmann
Modeling Shallow Water Flow And Transport Processes With Small Water Depths Using The Hydroinformatics Modelling System, Ilhan Özgen, Franz Simons, Jiaheng Zhao, Reinhard Hinkelmann
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
In hydro- and environmental systems modelling, there are several application cases where very small water depths occur, for example rainfall and runoff in natural or urban catchments, possibly associated with tracer transport. In these cases, the water depth may be in the range of millimeters to a few centimeters. The numerical simulation of the associated processes is complex, therefore robust numerical schemes are required. Two test cases using high resolution topography data are investigated with the Hydroinformatics Modelling System (HMS). In the first case, the influence of microtopography and local depressions were analyzed in an idealized urban catchment; both had …
Development Of Water Pollution Early Warning System For Oyster Harvesting Areas, Zhiqiang Deng
Development Of Water Pollution Early Warning System For Oyster Harvesting Areas, Zhiqiang Deng
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
The objective of this study is to develop a Pollution Early Warning System (PEWS) for efficient management of water quality in oyster harvesting areas. To that end, this paper presents a web-enabled, user-friendly PEWS for managing water quality in oyster harvesting areas along Louisiana Gulf Coast, USA. The PEWS consists of (1) an Integrated Space-Ground Sensing System (ISGSS) gathering data for environmental factors influencing water quality, (2) an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model for predicting the level of fecal coliform bacteria, and (3) a web-enabled, user-friendly Geographic Information System (GIS) platform for issuing water pollution advisories and managing oyster harvesting …
Comparison Of 2d Numerical Schemes For Modelling Supercritical And Transcritical Flows Along Urban Floodplains, Yared Abayneh Abebe, Solomon D. Seyoum, Zoran Vojinović, Roland K. Price
Comparison Of 2d Numerical Schemes For Modelling Supercritical And Transcritical Flows Along Urban Floodplains, Yared Abayneh Abebe, Solomon D. Seyoum, Zoran Vojinović, Roland K. Price
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Urban floodplains usually have irregular geometry due to different obstacles, urban infrastructures and slope conditions. This may change the flow regime from subcritical to supercritical flow conditions, and vice versa. Implementation of the full momentum equation in 2D shallow water equations (SWEs) is not trivial in mixed flow conditions as subcritical and supercritical flows require different boundary conditions and hence different solution algorithms. Some models ignore the convective acceleration term (CAT) to simplify implementation of the momentum equation for mixed flow conditions. This work tried to investigate the effect of neglecting CATs by testing two 2D models which implement - …
Thermoclinic Assessment Of A Preliminary Circulation Model For Lake George In The Jefferson Project, Emanuele Ragnoli, Fearghal O Donncha, Jeffrey W. Short, Imad A. Hannoun, Sandra A. Nierzwicki-Bauer, Lloyd A. Treinish, Anthony P. Priano, Charles W. Boylen
Thermoclinic Assessment Of A Preliminary Circulation Model For Lake George In The Jefferson Project, Emanuele Ragnoli, Fearghal O Donncha, Jeffrey W. Short, Imad A. Hannoun, Sandra A. Nierzwicki-Bauer, Lloyd A. Treinish, Anthony P. Priano, Charles W. Boylen
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
The Jefferson Project is a collaboration between the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, IBM, and the FUND for Lake George aimed at understanding and managing complex factors (road salt, storm water runoff, invasive species) threatening Lake George, New York. Lake George is located about 80 km north of Albany in upstate New York and is known internationally for its water clarity. Understanding the hydrodynamics of the lake is fundamental for creation and maintenance of a research and monitoring program for the early detection of and response to adverse environmental and biological change. In this work a 3D circulation model of the lake …
Application Of Real-Time Control Strategy To Improve Nitrogen Removal In Wastewater Treatment, Qibin Wang, Qiuwen Chen, Jinfeng Ma, Qiang Xu
Application Of Real-Time Control Strategy To Improve Nitrogen Removal In Wastewater Treatment, Qibin Wang, Qiuwen Chen, Jinfeng Ma, Qiang Xu
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Biological nitrogen removal is an important task in the wastewater treatment. However, the actual removal of total nitrogen (TN) in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is often unsatisfactory due to several causes, one of which is the insufficient availability of carbon source. One possible approach to improve the nitrogen removal therefore is addition of external carbon source, while the amount of which is directly related to operation cost of a WWTP. It is obviously necessary to determine the accurate amount of addition of external carbon source according to the demand depending on the influent wastewater quality. This study focused on …
Distribution Of Hydrological Losses For Varying Rainfall And Antecedent Wetness Conditions, Sithara H P Walpita Gamage, Guna Hewa, Simon Beecham
Distribution Of Hydrological Losses For Varying Rainfall And Antecedent Wetness Conditions, Sithara H P Walpita Gamage, Guna Hewa, Simon Beecham
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Hydrological loss is a vital component in many hydrological models, which are usedin forecasting floods and evaluating water resources for both surface and subsurface flows. Due to the complex and random nature of the rainfall runoff process, hydrological losses are not yet fully understood. Consequently, practitioners often use representative values of the losses for design applications such as rainfall-runoff modelling which has led to inaccurate quantification of water quantities in the resulting applications. The existing hydrological loss models must be revisited and modellers should be encouraged to utilise other available data sets. This study is based on three unregulated catchments …
Simulation Of Non-Point Source Pollution In Zhang River Basin, Xiaojuan Lin, Jinhui Huang
Simulation Of Non-Point Source Pollution In Zhang River Basin, Xiaojuan Lin, Jinhui Huang
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Since 1987, the China Government started the “The Water Resource Protection and Management of Haihe River Basin” program aimed at tackling the problem of water pollution and realizing the comprehensive control of the ecosystem and water resources in the whole basin. This study aims to model one of the program’s catchments – Zhang River Basin (ZRB), which is a typical area with the striking water scarcity and water quality deterioration in Haihe River Basin (HRB). The distributed hydrological model SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was used to simulate all related processes affecting water quantity, sediment, and nutrient loads in the …
A Novel Nested Dynamic Programming (Ndp) Algorithm For Multipurpose Reservoir Optimization, Blagoj Delipetrev, Andreja Jonoski, Dimitri P. Solomatine
A Novel Nested Dynamic Programming (Ndp) Algorithm For Multipurpose Reservoir Optimization, Blagoj Delipetrev, Andreja Jonoski, Dimitri P. Solomatine
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
We present a novel nDP (nested dynamic programming) algorithm for multipurpose reservoir optimization. The nDP algorithm is built from two algorithms: 1) dynamic programming (DP) and 2) nested optimal water allocation algorithm implemented with Simplex and quadratic Knapsack. The main objective function is to minimize the sum of weighted square deviations of each objective over the whole time horizon. Each objective is described with its water demand or target and its weights at each time step. The nDP algorithm begins with the DP optimization algorithm that at each DP transition executes the nested optimal water allocation algorithm. The optimal water …
Parameterization Of Turbulence Models Using 3dvar Data Assimilation, Agnieszka Indiana Olbert, Stephen Nash, Emanuele Ragnoli, Michael Hartnett
Parameterization Of Turbulence Models Using 3dvar Data Assimilation, Agnieszka Indiana Olbert, Stephen Nash, Emanuele Ragnoli, Michael Hartnett
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
In this research the 3DVAR data assimilation scheme is implemented in the numerical model DIVAST in order to optimize the performance of the numerical model by selecting an appropriate turbulence scheme and tuning its parameters. Two turbulence closure schemes: the Prandtl mixing length model and the two-equation k-ε model were incorporated into DIVAST and examined with respect to their universality of application, complexity of solutions, computational efficiency and numerical stability. A square harbour with one symmetrical entrance subject to tide-induced flows was selected to investigate the structure of turbulent flows. The experimental part of the research was conducted in a …
A Web-Based Hydroinformatic Platform For Water Quality Modelling And Simulation In A River Basin, Jose Pinho, Jose Vieira
A Web-Based Hydroinformatic Platform For Water Quality Modelling And Simulation In A River Basin, Jose Pinho, Jose Vieira
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
In recent years a major effort has been done to make water quality modelling tools available for water resources management at a river basin scale. The European water framework directive clear states that these tools must be used in making the diagnostic of surface water bodies water quality status and to anticipate the impact of measures to be implemented in order to achieve a good ecological status by 2015 in European waters. In order to make modelling tools usable by all the actors enrolled in water resources management process at river basins, these tools must be simple, user-friendly and robust. …
A Harmonized Vocabulary For Water Quality, Simon J.D. Cox, Bruce A. Simons, Jonathan Yu
A Harmonized Vocabulary For Water Quality, Simon J.D. Cox, Bruce A. Simons, Jonathan Yu
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Interoperability of water quality data depends on the use of common models, schemas and vocabularies. However, terms are usually collected during different activities and projects in isolation of one another, resulting in vocabularies that have the same scope being represented with different terms, using different formats and formalisms, and published in various access methods. Significantly, most water quality vocabularies conflate multiple concepts in a single term, e.g. quantity kind, units of measure, substance or taxon, medium and procedure. This bundles information associated with separate elements from the OGC Observations and Measurements (O&M) model into a single slot. We have developed …
Reliability Of Simulated Discharges For Different Gauge Locations In A Semi Distributed Rainfall Runoff Model, Johannes Bellinger, Stefan Achleitner, Johannes Schöber, Friedrich Schöberl
Reliability Of Simulated Discharges For Different Gauge Locations In A Semi Distributed Rainfall Runoff Model, Johannes Bellinger, Stefan Achleitner, Johannes Schöber, Friedrich Schöberl
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
In terms of flood forecasting in alpine environments, predictions at different gauges as well as sites with exposed infrastructure within the catchment are required. The used semi-distributed hydrological model HQsim combines runoff formation and surface runoff routines with an implemented channel routing for river reaches. This allows the estimation of discharges at selected channel segments. As a case study a large alpine catchment with a size of 890 km² is used. The uncertainty in the discharge prediction is investigated at three discharge gauges located along the main river. The basis of our experimental set-up are 15,000 samples describing the prior …
Investigating The Sources Of Fresh Water Affecting The Hydrological Balance Of Lakes Enriquillo And Azuei (Hispaniola) – Data Analysis, Daniel Comarazamy, Jorge Gonzalez, Fred Moshary, Michael Piasecki, Mahrokh Moknatian, John Ibsen
Investigating The Sources Of Fresh Water Affecting The Hydrological Balance Of Lakes Enriquillo And Azuei (Hispaniola) – Data Analysis, Daniel Comarazamy, Jorge Gonzalez, Fred Moshary, Michael Piasecki, Mahrokh Moknatian, John Ibsen
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
The Enriquillo and Azuei are saltwater lakes located in a closed water basin in the southwestern region of the island of La Hispaniola, these have been experiencing dramatic changes in total lake-surface area coverage during the period 1980-2012. The size of Lake Enriquillo presented a surface area of approximately 276 km2 in 1984, gradually decreasing to 172 km2 in 1996. The surface area of the lake reached its lowest point in the satellite observation record in 2004, at 165 km2. Then the recent growth of the lake began reaching its 1984 size by 2006. Based on surface area measurement for …
Direct Numerical Simulation Of Particle Saltation In Turbulent Channel Flow, Chunning Ji, Ante Munjiza, Eldad J. Avital, John J. R. Williams
Direct Numerical Simulation Of Particle Saltation In Turbulent Channel Flow, Chunning Ji, Ante Munjiza, Eldad J. Avital, John J. R. Williams
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
This paper numerically investigates particle saltation in a turbulent channel flow having a rough bed consisting of 2-3 layers of densely packed spheres. The Shield’s Function is 0.065 which is just above the sediment entrainment threshold to give a bed-load regime. The applied methodology is a combination of three technologies, i.e., the direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow, the combined finite-discrete element modelling of the deformation, movement and collision of the particles, and the immersed boundary method for the fluid-solid interaction. It is shown that the presence of entrained particles significantly modifies the flow profiles of velocity, turbulent intensities and …
Weather Generator Tool For The Assessment Of Water Resource Planning In Mediterranean Watersheds, María José Polo, Marta Egüen, Sergio Nieto, Javier Herrero, Asunción Baquerizo, Miguel A. Losada
Weather Generator Tool For The Assessment Of Water Resource Planning In Mediterranean Watersheds, María José Polo, Marta Egüen, Sergio Nieto, Javier Herrero, Asunción Baquerizo, Miguel A. Losada
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Water resource planning requires the forecasting of precipitation at different time scales that are dependent on the planning horizon for decision making. In Mediterranean areas, the uncertainty associated to precipitation occurrence and amount is very much linked to alternate sequences of highly variable dry and wet pluriannual cycles, and the torrential character of some of the rainfall events within the wet season. Moreover, most of the precipitation is associated to cyclonic fronts passing over the region, and their interaction with the regional and local topography. This work presents a Weather Generator (WG) tool to simulate annual sequences of rainfall events …
Next Generation Hydro Software, Gennadii Donchyts, Fedor Baart, Arthur Van Dam, Erik De Goede, Joost Icke, Hans Van Putten
Next Generation Hydro Software, Gennadii Donchyts, Fedor Baart, Arthur Van Dam, Erik De Goede, Joost Icke, Hans Van Putten
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
A few years ago Deltares started a large multidisciplinary project named Next Generation Hydro Software. The main focus of the project is to improve, harmonize and integrate existing hydro software that has been developed throughout the years. Important technological innovations include development of the new computational core D-Flow Flexible Mesh, as well as the user-friendly, open modelling environment Delta Shell. The project involves more than 40 scientists and software engineers. The new integrated system will allow both water managers and modellers to do their work better and faster. The unique characteristic of the project is that it focuses on the …
Comparison Of Ensemble Kalman Filtering And Particle Filtering On Short-Term Streamflow Forecasting Using A Distributed Hydrologic Model, Seong Jin Noh
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Floods are the most common and widespread disasters in the world and are responsible for a greater number of damaging events than any other type of natural event. However, due to various uncertainties that originate from simulation models, observations, and forcing data, it is still insufficient to obtain accurate flood forecasting results with the required lead times. Recently, ensemble forecasting techniques based on data assimilation (DA) have become increasingly popular, due to their potential ability to explicitly handle the various sources of uncertainty in operational hydrological models. Difficulty lies in DA for flood forecasting because nonlinearity increases sharply during flood …
Decision Support For Flood Control Operation Of A Multi-Purpose Reservoir Considering Operational One-Week Ensemble Forecast Of Precipitation, Yuya Nishioka, Daisuke Nohara, Tomoharu Hori, Yoshinobu Sato
Decision Support For Flood Control Operation Of A Multi-Purpose Reservoir Considering Operational One-Week Ensemble Forecast Of Precipitation, Yuya Nishioka, Daisuke Nohara, Tomoharu Hori, Yoshinobu Sato
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
atoMulti-purpose reservoirs, which are operated for both of flood control and water use purposes, play an important role in water resources management. Consideration of operational hydrological predictions can potentially provide an improvement in operations of a multi-purpose reservoir by allowing adaptive operation according to the predicted future condition of the reservoir and the target river basin. In this paper, a decision support tool for flood control operation of a multi-purpose reservoir considering middle-range operational ensemble prediction is proposed. One-week Ensemble Forecast of precipitation, which is provided by Japan Meteorological Agency with 51 ensemble members for the coming eight days, is …
Application Of Water Cycle Algorithm For Optimal Cost Design Of Water Distribution Systems, Ali Sadollah, Do Guen Yoo, Jafar Yazdi, Joong Hoon Kim, Younghwan Choi
Application Of Water Cycle Algorithm For Optimal Cost Design Of Water Distribution Systems, Ali Sadollah, Do Guen Yoo, Jafar Yazdi, Joong Hoon Kim, Younghwan Choi
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Water distribution system (WDS) design is considered as a class of large combinatorial non-linear optimization problems having complex implicit constraints such as conservation of mass and energy equations. Due to the complexity and large feasible solution, traditional optimization techniques are not capable to tackle these kinds of problems. Recently, applications of metaheuristic algorithms, due to their efficiencies and performances, are increased dramatically. In this paper, water cycle algorithm (WCA), a recently developed population-based algorithm, coupled with hydraulic simulator, EPANET, are applied for finding the optimal cost design of WDS. The performance of the WCA is shown using well-known Balerma benchmark …
In-Situ Algae Control Using Water-Lifting Aerators In A Eutrophicated Source Water Reservoir, Xin Sun, Xue Wang, Tinglin Huang, Haibing Cong
In-Situ Algae Control Using Water-Lifting Aerators In A Eutrophicated Source Water Reservoir, Xin Sun, Xue Wang, Tinglin Huang, Haibing Cong
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Algal pollution is a common water quality problem in many source water reservoirs worldwide and directly threatens the safety of drinking water. Water-lifting aeration has been recently developed to improve the source water quality and to control the excessive algae growth by transporting algae from the surface water to the bottom water of the reservoir. Taking the Shibianyu Reservoir supplying 20% source water to Xi’an, China, as a study case, the effect of in-situ algae control using water-lifting aerators was numerically investigated with Fluent. Two submerged water-lifting aerators with different circulation flow rates were installed with different local water depths …
Propagation Characteristics Of Density Currents And Implications To Pollutant Transport In A Stratified Reservoir, Xin Sun, Yan Xu, Tinglin Huang, Xiao Tang
Propagation Characteristics Of Density Currents And Implications To Pollutant Transport In A Stratified Reservoir, Xin Sun, Yan Xu, Tinglin Huang, Xiao Tang
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
With global warming, the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events were predicted to change more dramatically in the near future while the amount of total precipitation will change slightly. Large volume of turbid inflow will enter the source water reservoir after a heavy rainfall, and evolve in various types of density currents depending on the density difference between the inflow and background water. Density currents play an important role in the thermal structure and pollutant transport in the reservoir. Understanding the behaviors of density current is fundamental to study the changes of source water quality during the flooding season. …
A Probabilistic Tsunami Model For Chile, Vaclav Rara, Cristina Arango, Petr Puncochar, Goran Trendafiloski, Chris Ewing, Adam Podlaha, Deepak Vatvani, Maarten Van Ormondt
A Probabilistic Tsunami Model For Chile, Vaclav Rara, Cristina Arango, Petr Puncochar, Goran Trendafiloski, Chris Ewing, Adam Podlaha, Deepak Vatvani, Maarten Van Ormondt
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
In disaster-prone regions such as Chile, catastrophe models help (re)insurers to understand and quantify the risks facing their businesses. The 2010 (M8.8) Maule (Chile) earthquake highlighted the need for quantifying losses not only from primary perils (in this case earthquake) but also from secondary perils such as tsunamis, which contribute to the overall event losses but are not often modelled. This paper presents a new catastrophe model for Chile developed by Impact Forecasting (IF) in collaboration with Aon Benfield Research partners. The model has the capability to model losses due to earthquake (ground-shaking) and induced tsunamis along the Chilean coast …
An Architectural Overview Of Hydroshare, A Next-Generation Hydrologic Information System, Jefferson Heard, David G. Tarboton, Ray Idaszak, Jeffery S. Horsburgh, Dan Ames, Alex Bedig, Anthony M. Castronova, Alva Couch
An Architectural Overview Of Hydroshare, A Next-Generation Hydrologic Information System, Jefferson Heard, David G. Tarboton, Ray Idaszak, Jeffery S. Horsburgh, Dan Ames, Alex Bedig, Anthony M. Castronova, Alva Couch
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
HydroShare is an online, open-source, collaborative system being developed for sharing hydrologic data and models as part of the NSF’s Software Infrastructure for Sustained Innovation (SI2) program. The goal of HydroShare is to enable scientists to easily discover and access hydrologic data and models, retrieve them to their desktop, or perform analyses in a distributed computing environment that may include grid, cloud, or high performance computing. Scientists may also publish outcomes (data, results or models) into HydroShare, using the system as a collaboration platform for sharing data, models, and analyses. HydroShare involves a large distributed software development effort requiring collaboration …
Odm Tools Python: Open Source Software For Managing Continuous Sensor Data, Jeffery S. Horsburgh, Stephanie Reeder, Amber Spackman Jones
Odm Tools Python: Open Source Software For Managing Continuous Sensor Data, Jeffery S. Horsburgh, Stephanie Reeder, Amber Spackman Jones
International Conference on Hydroinformatics
Hydrologic and water quality data is being collected at high frequencies, for extended durations, and with spatial distributions that require infrastructure for data storage and management. The Observations Data Model (ODM), which is part of the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAHSI) Hydrologic Information System (HIS), was developed as a framework in which to organize, store, and describe point observations data. In this paper we describe ODM Tools Python, which is an open source software application that allows ODM users to query and export, visualize, and edit data stored in an ODM database. Previous versions …
Decolorization Of Hair Dye By Lignocellulosic Waste Materials From Contaminated Waters, Habib Zahir, Michelle Naidoo, Rada-Mayya Kostadinova, Karla A. Ortiz, Rosario Sun-Kuo, Abel E. Navarro
Decolorization Of Hair Dye By Lignocellulosic Waste Materials From Contaminated Waters, Habib Zahir, Michelle Naidoo, Rada-Mayya Kostadinova, Karla A. Ortiz, Rosario Sun-Kuo, Abel E. Navarro
Publications and Research
Basic yellow 57 (BY57) was chosen as a model hair dye due to its prevalence in cosmetics wastewaters. This study proposes the use of lignocellulosic materials like spent tea leaves of peppermint (PM), chai tea (CT), and chamomile (CM) as raw adsorbents for the removal of BY57 from contaminated solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out at room temperature to achieve the maximum adsorption capacity. Results indicate that the highest removal is achieved at pH 6–8, with a minimum adsorbent mass of 75 mg and in the absence of salinity, crowding agents and heavy metals. Adsorption equilibria were modeled according …
The Role Of Water In The Rise, Prominence, And Decline Of Nabataean Petra, Dennis Cummins
The Role Of Water In The Rise, Prominence, And Decline Of Nabataean Petra, Dennis Cummins
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This paper evaluates the rise of Nabataean Petra, its prominence, and eventual decline. The predominant context is effective water management as a pivotal driving factor in the growth of the Nabataean kingdom, which fostered an environment in which its famous incense trade could develop. Rising incense demand was the catalyst for growth from the first century BC through the first century AD; in AD 106 when Rome annexed the Nabataean kingdom, Petra began its gradual decline. In AD 363 an earthquake destroyed much of the city, and Petra did not return to its earlier prominence. From the outset, water played …
Groundwater Flow Across Spatial Scales: Importance For Climate Modeling, Nir Krakauer, Haibin Li, Ying Fan
Groundwater Flow Across Spatial Scales: Importance For Climate Modeling, Nir Krakauer, Haibin Li, Ying Fan
Publications and Research
Current regional and global climate models generally do not represent groundwater flow between grid cells as a component of the water budget. We estimate the magnitude of between cell groundwater flow as a function of grid cell size by aggregating results from a numerical model of equilibrium groundwater flow run and validated globally. We find that over a broad range of cell sizes spanning that of state of the art regional and global climate models, mean between cell groundwater flow magnitudes scale with the reciprocal of grid cell length. We also derive this scaling a priori from a simple statistical …