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National Wildlife Research Center Repellents Conference 1995

Articles 31 - 40 of 40

Full-Text Articles in Natural Resources Management and Policy

Effectiveness Of Varpel Rope@ On Norway Rats And House Mice In Laboratory And Field Conditions, J.D. Wilhide, M.D. Fletcher Aug 1995

Effectiveness Of Varpel Rope@ On Norway Rats And House Mice In Laboratory And Field Conditions, J.D. Wilhide, M.D. Fletcher

National Wildlife Research Center Repellents Conference 1995

This study is based on observations made during the efficacy testing for EPA product approval of Varpel Rope®, a temporary repellent for Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) and the house mouse (Mus musculus). Animals were tested under both laboratory and field conditions. Laboratory testing was conducted at Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, and resulted in 75-97% repellency. Field testing that resulted in repellency rates from 50 to 100%, was conducted in Newport, AR. Over 140 hr of videotape were recorded during the 1,800 individual laboratory and field trials. Testing was conducted from June 1989 through May 1992.

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Repellents: Integrating Sensory Modalities, Michael L. Avery Aug 1995

Repellents: Integrating Sensory Modalities, Michael L. Avery

National Wildlife Research Center Repellents Conference 1995

Recommendations for managing wildlife damage situations often involve application of multiple methods or techniques. The basis for such recommendations is unclear as there is little evidence that such combinations of methods work more effectively than the individual methods alone. In order to improve beyond hit or miss repellent applications, we should adopt principles exhibited in nature and develop repellent treatments based on the design of signals used in animal communications. In particular, characteristics that increase detectability, discriminability, and memorability should be identified and incorporated into repellent design. To do so, the sensory capabilities of the target species need to be …

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Review Of Regulatory-Imposed Marketing Constraints To Repellent Development, Judith M. Hushon Aug 1995

Review Of Regulatory-Imposed Marketing Constraints To Repellent Development, Judith M. Hushon

National Wildlife Research Center Repellents Conference 1995

The purpose of this paper is to review the regulatory issues concerned with marketing repellents and to try to identify areas where changes may be needed. Repellents are covered unevenly by the various Federal and State pesticide laws. These laws were generally formulated to deal with pesticides and other highly toxic chemicals used to control "pests." However, repellents discourage pests due to their disagreeable properties rather than their toxicity. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has recently introduced reduced risk pesticide guidance which limits reporting requirements and hastens review. Those states that follow the Federal lead do not represent a problem. …

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Recent Studies On Flavor Aversion Learning In Wildlife Damage Management, Russell F. Reidinger Jr. Aug 1995

Recent Studies On Flavor Aversion Learning In Wildlife Damage Management, Russell F. Reidinger Jr.

National Wildlife Research Center Repellents Conference 1995

Flavor aversion learning (FAL) occurs experimentally when a mammal is presented with a distinctive-flavored food followed by a postingestional illness. Birds may learn aversions to visual cues. Aversions follow a single pairing and may be robust. During the past decade, at least four directions were followed in evaluating FAL for managing wildlife damage: compounds already registered for use on crops such as herbicides, insecticides, or fungicides were tested for their abilities to also repel birds and small mammals from crops; naturally occurring compounds such as sucrose or charcoal were similarly evaluated; eggs were treated with different compounds in attempts to …

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Repellency Of Plant, Natural Products, And Predator Odors To Woodchucks, N. Jay Bean, Wyatt L. Korff, J. Russell Mason Aug 1995

Repellency Of Plant, Natural Products, And Predator Odors To Woodchucks, N. Jay Bean, Wyatt L. Korff, J. Russell Mason

National Wildlife Research Center Repellents Conference 1995


Woodchuck (Marmota monax) damage to lawns, gardens, orchards, and other agricultural areas is of concern to homeowners and fanners throughout the northeastern region of the United States. Currently, the only effective control methods are live-trapping and relocation, shooting, or lethal trapping. Each of these techniques, though effective, has drawbacks that limit its use in residential areas. Using odors to repel the animals could provide a nonlethal option to help mitigate the vegetation and property damage caused by these animals. For this reason, we studied the repellency of several commonly available odorants to repel woodchucks. Nine different burrow sites …

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A Review Of The Bird Repellent Effects Of 1 17 Carbocyclic Compounds, Larry Clark Aug 1995

A Review Of The Bird Repellent Effects Of 1 17 Carbocyclic Compounds, Larry Clark

National Wildlife Research Center Repellents Conference 1995

We evaluated 117 carbocyclic compounds for their bird repellent effects in no-choice (one-bottle) drinking tests and summarized the results in this paper. Compounds derivative of aromatic heterocycles, acetophenones and carbocyclic compounds containing sulfur are often strong repellents. Anthranilates, aromatic alcohols, aromatic aldehydes, and carbocyclic compounds containing nitrogen are moderately strong repellents. However, the potency of anthranilates is highly variable, depending upon the nature of the substitutions. Acetates and benzoates are weak repellents. Benzoic acids and amino acids are not repellent to starlings. In addition, discussions of the type of behavioral assay, units of measure, and dose-response characterizations include recommendations for …

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Sucrose As A Feeding Deterrent For Fruit-Eating Birds, Carlos Martinez Del Rio, Michael L. Avery, Kristin E. Brugger Aug 1995

Sucrose As A Feeding Deterrent For Fruit-Eating Birds, Carlos Martinez Del Rio, Michael L. Avery, Kristin E. Brugger

National Wildlife Research Center Repellents Conference 1995

Economic losses due to bird damage to small fruits such as blueberries, grapes, and cherries can be very high and are expected to increase in the future. The primary sugars in these fruits are glucose and fructose. Sucrose is present in very low concentrations only. Our research has unveiled a physiological trait common to many fruit-eating species in the phylogenetically related families Muscicapidae, Mirnidae, and Sturnidae. These birds are unable to digest sucrose because they lack the intestinal enzyme sucrase which hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose prior to absorption. In cage tests these birds prefer glucose and fructose to …

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Comparative Analysis Of Deer Repellents, Abderrahim El Hani, Michael R. Conover Aug 1995

Comparative Analysis Of Deer Repellents, Abderrahim El Hani, Michael R. Conover

National Wildlife Research Center Repellents Conference 1995

The deer repellent literature is fragmented and hard to interpret because there is no standard method to measure repellent effectiveness. Instead, studies differ in (1) which repellents were tested, (2) which plant or food was used as a carrier, (3) repellent concentration, (4) test duration, (5) experimental design, and (6) criteria for success. Despite these difficulties, we analyzed the literature seeking over-arching trends in repellent effectiveness. Deer-Away Big Game Repellenta (BGR) and predator odors were usually more effective than other repellents. In most field tests, the best repellents usually reduced deer damage by < 60%. There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of area repellents and contact repellents. Factors affecting repellent effectiveness include relative palatability of the plant to be protected, size of local deer populations, availability of alternative forage, weather, amount and concentration of repellent used, and test duration. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer ( …

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Bird Deterrent Research And Development: Marine Oil Spills, Timothy J. Reilly Aug 1995

Bird Deterrent Research And Development: Marine Oil Spills, Timothy J. Reilly

National Wildlife Research Center Repellents Conference 1995

A wide range of techniques are available for deterring birds from coastal oil spills, including (but not limited to) pyrotechnics, aircraft, boats, flags, reflecting devices, and artificial sounds. Many of these deterrent devices have had little field testing to determine optimal deterrent strategies. The Marine Spill Response Corporation (MSRC) developed a research and development (R&D) plan which has identified critical research which would need to be conducted to determine these optimal strategies. This program was initiated through the generation of a report which described the state-of-the-art of deterring birds from marine oil spills. Following this report, MSRC hosted a workshop …

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Repellent Trials To Reduce Reforestation Damage By Pocket Gophers, Deer, And Elk, Gary W. Witmer, Rodney D. Sayler, Michael J. Pipas Aug 1995

Repellent Trials To Reduce Reforestation Damage By Pocket Gophers, Deer, And Elk, Gary W. Witmer, Rodney D. Sayler, Michael J. Pipas

National Wildlife Research Center Repellents Conference 1995

We tested selected, potential repellents in pen and field trials to determine their ability to reduce consumption of palatable foods by pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides), deer (Odocoileus spp.), and elk (Cervus elaphus). Only sulfur-based compounds (predator urines and Deer Away®) deterred feeding by captive gophers. Chemically hot, bitter, and noxious compounds and plants did not deter gopher feeding. Rapid reinvasion of available habitat by pocket gophers in a field trial occurred despite the presence of encapsulated, sulfur-based semiochemicals of stoat (Mustela erminea) on trial plots. Coyote urine and Deer Away deterred browsing by …

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