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Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health and Protection
Taxonomic Status Of Wild Canids In The Southeastern United States, Michael L. Kennedy
Taxonomic Status Of Wild Canids In The Southeastern United States, Michael L. Kennedy
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
In the last 20 years (especially during the last decade), reports of coyote-like wild canids have increased steadily in the southeastern United States. These canids have apparently become well established in many parts of the Southeast. Taxonomically, the coyote-like animal could represent coyote (Canis latrans), red wolf (C. rufus), gray wolf (C. lupus), domestic dog (C. familaris), or hybrids of these taxa. There has been wide speculation (especially among the general public) in some areas as to the taxonomic status of wild canids. General references to wild "coy-dogs" (coyote x domestic dog …
Drc-6749--An Avian Wetting Agent Of Low Aquatic Toxicity, P.W. Lefebvre, T.D. Bills, A.R. Stickley Jr., R.E. Matteson, L.L. Marking
Drc-6749--An Avian Wetting Agent Of Low Aquatic Toxicity, P.W. Lefebvre, T.D. Bills, A.R. Stickley Jr., R.E. Matteson, L.L. Marking
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
PA-14, the compound presently registered for lethal control of blackbirds and starlings at roosts, is labelled for use only at upland sites. Research was undertaken to identify another wetting agent which might be registered for use at aquatic sites. Of 90 samples received from suppliers, 60 were evaluated for wetting ability in a standard laboratory test. Of these, 10 were chosen for test against an aquatic indicator animal, Daphnia. One of the 10, DRC-6749, a block copolymer, was found significantly low in toxicity, and underwent further aquatic testing against 6 fish and 1 mussel species. Under standard test conditions, no …
Use Of Soybean Fields In Eastern Virginia By White-Tailed Deer, Linda A. Lyon, Patrick F. Scanlon
Use Of Soybean Fields In Eastern Virginia By White-Tailed Deer, Linda A. Lyon, Patrick F. Scanlon
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) use of soybean fields in Virginia was observed during the 1983 and 1984 growing seasons. Total deer observed and deer seen per observer-hour were both greater in 1983 (199 and 2.1, respectively) than in 1984 (122 and 1.8, respectively). The number of deer seen per observer-hour was related to crop phenology; it was highest during the early vegetative stages and decreased when the soybean plants entered reproductive growth stages. Most (90%) deer were sighted within 50 m of edge cover. In both years, the number of adult does seen was about 3 times the …
A State-Administered User-Pay Program For Nuisance Wildlife Control, Dale W. May
A State-Administered User-Pay Program For Nuisance Wildlife Control, Dale W. May
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
In recent years Connecticut, like many other northeastern states, has experienced dramatic suburban encroachment into woodland and farmland areas. The expansion of human population and the accompanying habitat alteration have resulted in a substantial increase in the frequency of wildlife/human conflicts. The Department of Environmental Protection's Wildlife Bureau, mandated to respond to the needs of the people as well as the wildlife of Connecticut, is the state agency given the responsibility of controlling nuisance wildlife problems. Although the Wildlife Bureau provides free technical assistance and educational material, in many cases landowners are either unwilling or unable to resolve nuisance wildlife …
Characteristics Of Predation And Losses In The New York Sheep Industry, Jay B. Mcaninch, Michael G. Fargione
Characteristics Of Predation And Losses In The New York Sheep Industry, Jay B. Mcaninch, Michael G. Fargione
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
A questionnaire survey was used in 1985 to obtain data on predation and losses from New York sheep growers. Surveys were returned by 685 growers which was a 40% return rate. The average grower managed 160 acres, including 24 acres of pasture, kept 106 sheep and received 12% of the total family income from sheep farming. Sheep predation occurred on 44% of the farms and dogs were considered the most harmful predator by 88% of the growers with losses. Growers with sheep losses had significantly larger flocks, more acreage in pasture, larger farms and depended more heavily on sheep farming …
Research Needs In Education And Research Institutions, Jay B. Mcaninch
Research Needs In Education And Research Institutions, Jay B. Mcaninch
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Research to support wildlife management programs has traditionally been conducted by scientists in education and research institutions. Much of this work has resulted from state and federal agency program needs or has been funded by state or federal agencies upon solicitation from scientists at these institutions. Regardless of the origin of the research, these institutions have primarily provided the investigators and staff for conducting research on animal damage problems. The priorities, duration and depth of the efforts have been dependent upon the commitment to damage control research by the investigator and the quality of funding support.
Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control, James E. Miller
Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control, James E. Miller
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
The wildlife profession has achieved great success in habitat management, game population restoration, and in learning to manage wildlife populations for public use and enjoyment during the past 50 years. However, a number of wildlife species have become serious problems to agricultural profitability and to natural resources managers in recent years. These problem situations may well focus on a lack of appropriate research or perhaps just not keeping pace. For the most part, wildlife research for the prevention and control of wildlife damage has been latently reactive, rather than proactive. Obviously, one of the difficulties continues to be, how to …
Avoiding Controversies That Impede Wildlife Damage Control, B.W. O'Gara
Avoiding Controversies That Impede Wildlife Damage Control, B.W. O'Gara
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Controversies regarding wildlife damage control often result from incorrect perceptions by the general public or conservation groups. Such controversies can usually be settled to most people's satisfaction by indisputable data. In the past, however, data were often lacking. The ban, by Executive order in 1972, of chemical toxicants for predator control on federal lands and by federal agencies is a good case in point. Indisputable data were not available concerning the level of predation. The only data were derived from questionnaires filled out by livestock producers; Government officials and the public simply would not accept such data as unbiased.
Lethal Roost Toxicants For Control Of Starlings And Blackbirds, Denver L. Otis
Lethal Roost Toxicants For Control Of Starlings And Blackbirds, Denver L. Otis
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Roosting congregations of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and several blackbird species (Icteridae) cause several millions of dollars in losses to agricultural crops throughout the United States. In addition, they are responsible for a variety of nuisance problems, human and livestock diseases, and human safety hazards. Dozens of tools have been developed for alleviating these problems, some of which are nonlethal techniques aimed at either roost dispersal or site specific protection of the problem site. Lethal baiting techniques for use at staging areas or at the problem site have also been developed. However, the most controversial solution involves the use …
Coyote Control Techniques And Their Applications In The Eastern United States, Rick D. Owens
Coyote Control Techniques And Their Applications In The Eastern United States, Rick D. Owens
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Conflicts between coyotes and man's activities are varied and include such problems as predation on livestock, agricultural crops, and other wildlife, as well as threats to human health or safety. Formerly restricted to the Great Plains, the coyote's adaptability has enabled expansion of its population throughout most of the United States, Canada and Mexico. This expansion has occurred in spite of large-scale control and/or eradication efforts. In the West, coyote management includes non-lethal as well as lethal techniques. Non-lethal approaches, which have resulted in varying degrees of success, include the use of guarding dogs, fencing, and shedding. In many instances, …
Participants
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Effects Of Differential Pine Vole Populations On Growth And Yield Of 'Mcintosh’ Apple Trees, M.E. Richmond, C.G. Forshey, L.A. Mahaffy, P.N. Miller
Effects Of Differential Pine Vole Populations On Growth And Yield Of 'Mcintosh’ Apple Trees, M.E. Richmond, C.G. Forshey, L.A. Mahaffy, P.N. Miller
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Pine voles (Microtus pinetorum LeConte) were maintained as known populations (0, 269, 538 and 1075/ha) in wire mesh-enclosed blocks of 'Mclntosh'/M26 apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) for 2 years. There was little measurable effect of the voles on growth and production the 1st year, but during the 2nd year the highest population was associated with the death of one tree; severe reductions in growth, yield, and fruit size; a 78% reduction in crown bark weight, 56% loss of fibrous roots, and a dramatic reduction in the value of the crop. Although the low and the medium …
The Use Of The T-Culvert Guard To Protect Road Culverts From Plugging Damage By Beavers, K.J. Roblee
The Use Of The T-Culvert Guard To Protect Road Culverts From Plugging Damage By Beavers, K.J. Roblee
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Since 1978 there has been a continual effort by Region 9 of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation to develop devices capable of protecting road culverts from plugging damage by beavers (Castor canadensis). Various protective devices were developed. The most successful was the T-culvert guard. Trial installations of T-culvert guards were made at 4 sites experiencing beaver damage. T-culverts consisted of a 4 ft. or larger diameter culvert and a smaller diameter culvert which connected it to the road culvert . Directions for construction, installation and maintenance of T-culverts are given. Costs for a typical 4 …
Cooperative Beaver Control: Usfws-Adc And Private/Industrial Landowners, K. F. Rohr
Cooperative Beaver Control: Usfws-Adc And Private/Industrial Landowners, K. F. Rohr
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Beaver populations in North Miss, and West Tenn. have increased rapidly, Pelt trapping has been the major control method in the past. With low demand and poor prices for southern pelts, this activity is almost nonexistent today. Landowners, both private and industrial, have tried several control methods with limited success. Few landowners have the expertise or the time to perform their own control work. What is needed is an agency with the expertise and the supervisory capacity to administer the program for the landowner. The Animal Damage Control Unit of USDA entered into a cooperative agreement with an industrial landowner …
Extension's Perspective Of Federal, State And Private Animal Damage Control Programs, Gary J. San Julian
Extension's Perspective Of Federal, State And Private Animal Damage Control Programs, Gary J. San Julian
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Extension personnel are in a unique position to observe and to be involved in animal damage control (ADC) programs at the federal, state and private levels. In order to offer educational programs, we must interpret regulations and policies to provide a workable interface between ourselves, other agencies and the public. This is not an easy task in such a sensitive and emotional area. The lack of uniformity in policies among federal agencies as well as the hazy lines of authority and responsibility for some species makes it hard to provide guidance for our clientele. The growing involvement of the public …
Nonpredatory Mammal Damage Research Needs, John L. Seubert
Nonpredatory Mammal Damage Research Needs, John L. Seubert
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Nonpredatory mammal damage probably exceeds one-half billion dollars each year in the U.S., in spite of many techniques and programs for controlling such losses. Improved and new control methods are obviously needed. The task of ADC researchers has become increasingly demanding and complex, however. They must not only obtain information to satisfy recurring Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) data call-ins required to maintain and improve existing State and Federal rodenticide registrations, but must develop and register new damage control techniques and strategies. New methods must be highly efficacious, safe, cost effective, and present the lowest possible hazard to non-target species and …
Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control, Dennis Slate
Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control, Dennis Slate
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
This presentation provides a brief overview of wildlife damage-related research needs as they are perceived by Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Animal Damage Control (ADC) State Directors in the Eastern ADC Region. There are 23 State Directors in the Eastern ADC Region who are responsible for managing operational and technical assistance animal damage programs in 31 states. Because of their collective experience with a variety of species and control techniques under various environmental circumstances, their input and insight should be valuable in helping those in the research community more clearly define wildlife damage-related research needs. State Directors responded …
Decontamination Of A Histoplasma Capsulatum-Infested Blackbird Roost: Use Of A Sprinkler System To Apply Formalin, A.R. Stickley Jr., J.R. Pruitt, C.E. Hume, T. Pass Ii, C.H. Gayle
Decontamination Of A Histoplasma Capsulatum-Infested Blackbird Roost: Use Of A Sprinkler System To Apply Formalin, A.R. Stickley Jr., J.R. Pruitt, C.E. Hume, T. Pass Ii, C.H. Gayle
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
When disturbed, blackbird/ starling roost sites can be sources of locally severe outbreaks of histoplasmosis; therefore decontamination with formalin is sometimes prudent. We describe the use of a $5000 sprinkler system for spraying formalin on a Histoplasma capsulatum-infested roost site. This system precludes direct worker involvement in the application of this hazardous chemical to the area. Analysis of soil samples collected and cultured both before and after formalin treatment confirmed the eradication of H. capsulatum from the 1.3 ha site. Cost was approximately $17,000 with sprinkler system provided at no charge.
Status Of Mesurol® As A Bird Repellent For Cherries And Other Fruit Crops, Mark E. Tobin, Richard A. Dolbeer
Status Of Mesurol® As A Bird Repellent For Cherries And Other Fruit Crops, Mark E. Tobin, Richard A. Dolbeer
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
A single application of Mesurol at 1.5 Ib (Al) /ac to ripening cherries reduced bird damage in a field test in the mid-Hudson Valley of New York, 1986. Treated trees averaged 8.9% damage compared to 17.5% damage for untreated trees. An average of 7.4 birds flew into treated blocks per 15-min count versus an average of 19.8 birds that flew into control blocks. These results support the various evaluations over the past 15 years of Mesurol as a bird repellent for fruit crops. The consensus of these tests is that Mesurol often provides an effective nonlethal means of reducing conflicts …
Bait Stations For Controlling Voles In Apple Orchards, Mark E. Tobin, Milo E. Richmond
Bait Stations For Controlling Voles In Apple Orchards, Mark E. Tobin, Milo E. Richmond
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Bait stations made with polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipe were compared with hand-broadcast applications of rodenticides for achieving long-term control of pine and meadow vole populations (Microtus pinetorum and M. pennsylvanicus, respectively) in two apple orchards in the mid-Hudson Valley of New York. The stations were constructed of three pieces of 1.5-in diameter PVC tubing joined together in the shape of an inverted "T". Roofing shingles were placed over the entrances to some of the bait stations to encourage use by voles, while others were left uncovered. All stations were tied to trees, with no attempt to place them near …
Landowner Perceptions Of Beaver Damage And Control In Arkansas, T.B. Wigley, M.E. Garner
Landowner Perceptions Of Beaver Damage And Control In Arkansas, T.B. Wigley, M.E. Garner
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Landowner perceptions of damage caused by beavers (Castor canadensis) and of beaver control programs in Arkansas were determined by mail survey. Beavers were present on lands owned by 36% of the 1,716 respondents. Girdled timber, blocked culverts and flooded timber were the first, second and third most common damages reported, respectively. Thirty-two percent of all respondents and 90% of those with beavers reported at least one form of damage. Four percent of land owned by respondents was flooded by beavers. Of landowners with beavers, 50% described damage as substantial or severe, and 46% perceived damage as unreasonable. At …
A Method For Assessing Blackbird Damage To Ripening Rice, Robert G. Wright, Keith A. Arnold, Michael O. Way
A Method For Assessing Blackbird Damage To Ripening Rice, Robert G. Wright, Keith A. Arnold, Michael O. Way
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
A method for measuring and mapping the location of blackbird (Icterinae) damage to ripening rice over time was developed and employed in 7 commercial rice fields ranging from 20.6 to 47.4 ha in Matagorda County, Texas, during the 1985 and 1986 growing seasons. Ten evenly-spaced transects were established perpendicular to the longest side of the field and each transect was sampled at pre-determined distances. Transects were subdivided into "edge" (<= 60 m from field border) and "middle" (> 60 m from the field border) strata. The measured percent damage was compared to visual estimates for 3 samplings to assess the accuracy and precision of the latter. Measuring the …
Perceptions And Management Preferences Of Game Wardens And Extension Agents Towards Deer Damage To Soybeans, Linda A. Lyon, Patrick F. Scanlon
Perceptions And Management Preferences Of Game Wardens And Extension Agents Towards Deer Damage To Soybeans, Linda A. Lyon, Patrick F. Scanlon
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
We conducted mail-back questionnaire surveys in 1985 of game wardens and agricultural extension agents in eastern Virginia. Our objectives were to examine perceptions of deer damage, particularly on soybean crops, and deer management preferences of these two groups. Extension agents generally reported greater yield losses of crops from deer damage than did game wardens, but the average difference per crop between groups were not significantly different. For example, game wardens estimated that loss of soybean yield due to deer damage was 2.9% (SD = 1.96) and extension agents reported 4.9% loss (SD = 5.01, P = 0.31. The proportion of …
Wolf, Golden Eagle, And Coyote Problems In Montana, B.W. O'Gara, W. Rightmire
Wolf, Golden Eagle, And Coyote Problems In Montana, B.W. O'Gara, W. Rightmire
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
The average annual reported loss of sheep and lambs to predators in Montana from 1982 through 1986 was 46,000 animals worth $1,980,000. During recent years, coyote predation has been the single most important cause of death for lambs. Coyotes accounted for 80% of the predator kills during 1985 and 72% during 1986, and 8,321 coyotes were killed by ADC during those 2 years. Aerial gunning accounted for more than half of the kills. During the first year of a study on a ranch in western Montana without predator control, coyotes killed 8% of the ewes and 27% of lambs. Predation …
The Economic Impact Of Wildlife Damage On Hudson Valley Orchards, M. Phillips, C.G. Forshey, G.B. White, M.E. Richmond
The Economic Impact Of Wildlife Damage On Hudson Valley Orchards, M. Phillips, C.G. Forshey, G.B. White, M.E. Richmond
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
The impact of wildlife damage on the profitability of apple farming in New York's Hudson Valley was determined by vise of a Standard Net Present Value (NPV) analysis as a means to measure long-term impact. Data were gathered through questionnaire and interview of a stratified random sample of 39 growers that represented 17% of the regional growers. Data concerning species causing damage, extent of wildlife damage and types of controls used were combined with current and long-range costs including revenue lost through damage and control costs. Limitations of the analysis are discussed along with results that indicate an annual equivalent …
Deer Damage Control Preferences And Use Decisions Of New York Orchardists, K.G. Purdy, W.F. Siemer, G.A. Pomerantz, T.L. Brown
Deer Damage Control Preferences And Use Decisions Of New York Orchardists, K.G. Purdy, W.F. Siemer, G.A. Pomerantz, T.L. Brown
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Previous studies in New York, the nation's second leading state in apple production, have contributed much to deer management decisions that give consideration to orchardists' concerns about crop damage. Little information, however, has been reported about orchardists' reasons for adopting or not adopting particular types of deer damage controls or their preference for various forms of possible damage control assistance. Two complementary studies, conducted in early 1987 by the Human Dimensions Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, have addressed these information needs. A mail survey of orchardists in an important fruit-producing region of southeastern New York indicated that …
Session Moderators
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Session moderators
Preliminary Testing Of A Selenium-Based Systemic Deer Browse Repellent, T.R. Angradi, W.M. Tzilkowski
Preliminary Testing Of A Selenium-Based Systemic Deer Browse Repellent, T.R. Angradi, W.M. Tzilkowski
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Silviculturists use a variety of techniques, including repellents, to reduce browse damage by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to valuable eastern hardwood seedlings. Systemic selenium, sodium selenite, was evaluated with captive white-tailed deer for its repellency in white ash (Fraxinus americana) and black cherry (Prunus serotina) seedlings. Selenium had no effect in reducing browsing of black cherry. However, there was a reduction (p<0.05) in the white ash browsing level.
Use Of Drc 1339 To Control Crows In Three Roosts In Kentucky And Arkansas, Frank L. Boyd, Douglas I. Hall
Use Of Drc 1339 To Control Crows In Three Roosts In Kentucky And Arkansas, Frank L. Boyd, Douglas I. Hall
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
Field tests utilizing DRC 1339 (3- chloro-4-methylbenzamine hydrochloride) 98% concentrate on whole kernel corn for crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) control were conducted in January and February 1981 in Lexington and Louisville, Kentucky, and in 1982 in Ashdown, Arkansas. Treated bait was placed in staging areas near the roosts after pre-baiting indicated good acceptance at the sites. The rate of acceptance varied with bait placement. Best results were obtained when bait was placed on bare ground at habitually used staging areas close to the roost site. Population reductions of up to 25% were obtained with limited baiting. DRC 1339 appears …
Effectiveness Of Human Hair, Bgr, And A Mixture Of Blood Meal And Peppercorns In Reducing Deer Damage To Young Apple Trees, Michael R. Conover, Gary S. Kania
Effectiveness Of Human Hair, Bgr, And A Mixture Of Blood Meal And Peppercorns In Reducing Deer Damage To Young Apple Trees, Michael R. Conover, Gary S. Kania
Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)
We evaluated the ability of three repellents [human hair, Big Game Repellent (BGR), and a mixture of blood meal and peppercorns] to reduce deer damage on young apple trees in two Connecticut orchards. Most of the deer damage consisted of winter browsing on dormant apple buds. Little browsing occurred on leaves or buds during the growing season and only a few cases of pre-rut rubbing of trees were observed. In one orchard, buds were browsed during the winter on 52% of the untreated control trees, 45% of the trees sprayed with BGR, and 40% of the trees containing a hair …