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Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health and Protection
Growth And Development Rates Of Microtus Pinetorum Under Different Photoperiods, T. L. Derting, J. A. Cransford
Growth And Development Rates Of Microtus Pinetorum Under Different Photoperiods, T. L. Derting, J. A. Cransford
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Photo-period and nutrition are important variables affecting reproductive activity and growth in many rodents. Field and laboratory studies indicate that long photo-period (spring-summer) cause Increased growth while short photo-periods (fall-winter) inhibit these processes. In the montane vole (Microtus montanus) recently weaned animals gain weight at a much lower rate under short photo-periods or in total darkness than under long photo-periods (Vaughan et al., 1973; Peterborg, 1978). Adult M. montanus had more offspring and larger mean litter sizes under LD 18:6 than LD 6:18 (Pinter & Negus, 1965). Similarly, long (LD 16:8) or increasing photo-periods stimulated the onset of …
Proceedings Of The Fifth Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, Gettysburg, Pa, March 4-5, 1981
Proceedings Of The Fifth Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, Gettysburg, Pa, March 4-5, 1981
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Entire symposium.
HIGHLIGHTS OF THE FIFTH EASTERN PINE AND MEADOW VOLE SYMPOSIUM
The Fifth Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium was held at the Sheraton Inn-Gettysburg, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania March 4 and 5, 1981, for the purpose of assessing the current status of research, extension, and industry programs relating to the problem of vole damage to fruit trees. The meeting was intended to create a problem solving atmosphere in which growers; various governmental agencies such as EPA, USDA, USDI; the chemical industry; and university personnel could observe the cur¬rent thrusts of research and extension programs and their potential impact on future …
Experimental Results Of Chlorophacinone Ground Sprays In North Carolina, William T. Sullivan Jr.
Experimental Results Of Chlorophacinone Ground Sprays In North Carolina, William T. Sullivan Jr.
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Field experiments with chlorophacinone (CPN) ground sprays seem to be more effective in control of pine voles in North Carolina orchards when the percentage grass cover under tree drip lines is high. Preliminary laboratory results seem to confirm this observation.
Our group has carried out a number of field trials of the efficacy of ground sprays for controlling pine voles in orchards. In reviewing these tests with special reference to inconsistency of results with chlorophacinone (Hayne 1977) an apparent relationship to the amount of grass cover was noted, and laboratory trials were started to test this question.
An Approach To Determine The Economic Threshold Level For Pine Voles, Stephen B. White, Theodore L. Huller
An Approach To Determine The Economic Threshold Level For Pine Voles, Stephen B. White, Theodore L. Huller
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
The effectiveness of orchard management, as in any agricultural system, is judged on the total quantity and quality of the produce and on the financial return per unit of investment. Decisions affecting orchard management are based ultimately on economic factors.
This economic criterion should, therefore, be applied to all orchard pest management decisions—including control of the pine vole (Pitymys pinetorum). The purpose of this paper is to describe an approach we are taking to identify factors useful in estimating the economic threshold which can form the basis for cost-effective management of the pine vole and the meadow vole …
Radiotelemetric Evaluation Of The Effect Of Horticultural Practices On Pine And Meadow Voles In Apple Orchards: I. Rotary Mowing, Dale Madison, Randall Fitzgerald, Ralph Pagano, Jeffrey Hill
Radiotelemetric Evaluation Of The Effect Of Horticultural Practices On Pine And Meadow Voles In Apple Orchards: I. Rotary Mowing, Dale Madison, Randall Fitzgerald, Ralph Pagano, Jeffrey Hill
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) and meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were studied in three apple orchard plots in the Hudson Valley of New York during June and July 1980. Selected voles from each plot were given miniature radiotransmitters and then tracked before, during, and after rotary mowing.
A total of 11 pine voles and 6 meadow voles were tracked. Home range size was much larger for meadow voles than pine voles. During mowing, meadow voles were noticeably affected by the mower; pine voles were not. No change occurred in the area utilized before and after mowing for …
Colonization Of An Abandoned Orchard By Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), Jack A. Cranford, J. Harrison, T. L. Derting
Colonization Of An Abandoned Orchard By Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), Jack A. Cranford, J. Harrison, T. L. Derting
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Habitat selection by pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) has been attributed to cover density (Goertz, 1971; Paul, 1970) soil condition (Benton, 1955; Fisher and Anthony, 1980), and food resources (Noffsinger, 1976; Paul, 1970). Goertz (1971) reported that pine voles were distributed in diverse habitats, but there was a close correlation with height and diversity of grass. Miller and Getz (1969) found populations in sloping upland woods, Benton (1955) in dry woods, and Paul (1970) in hardwood slopes with a close correlation between distribution and amount of ground cover. Soil type has been examined by Benton (1955) and Fisher and …
Effects Of Tastants On Caching, Gnawing, Grooming And Taste Aversions In Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum) And Meadow Voles (M. Pennsylvanicus), Lynette A. Geyer, Christine Kornet
Effects Of Tastants On Caching, Gnawing, Grooming And Taste Aversions In Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum) And Meadow Voles (M. Pennsylvanicus), Lynette A. Geyer, Christine Kornet
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Several behaviors of pine and meadow voles were studied, specifically those affecting the role of taste in ingestion. These behaviors include: 1) caching, 2) gnawing, 3) grooming, and 4) taste aversions.
Male pine voles cached more than females, particularly when housed with females. Solitary females more than those housed in mixed sex pairs. When presented with peanuts and pine dowels in one-hour tests, pine voles cached peanuts first; the addition of flavorants did not affect the sequence in which they were cached. In six-hour tests, however, sucrose— and oil-soaked items were cached first.
Gnawing by pine voles, like caching, was …
Comparison Of Sampling Designs For Vole Population Studies, Donna Bruns Stockrahm, Jay Mcaninch, John D. Harder
Comparison Of Sampling Designs For Vole Population Studies, Donna Bruns Stockrahm, Jay Mcaninch, John D. Harder
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
In the summer of 1980 we initiated a large-scale vole population study in the lower Hudson Valley of New York and had questions regarding trapping designs and sampling procedures. Would samples reflect populations as they occurred in the orchard or would results merely be artifacts of the trapping design?
Renzulli et a1. (1980) examined how time interval between trapping periods, trap spacing, and grid size affected demographic estimates in meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, in non-orchard habitats. In other small mammal studies conducted in non-orchard habitats, 2 traps per station are often utilized to avoid the exclusion of animals or …
Survey Of Pine Vole Activity In Apple Orchards Near Roanoke, Virginia, Greg K. Yarrow
Survey Of Pine Vole Activity In Apple Orchards Near Roanoke, Virginia, Greg K. Yarrow
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
A survey of pine vole activity in apple orchards around the Roanoke, Virginia area was made in conjunction with current trapping efforts involving pine vole research. A total of 60 orchards were examined and subjectively ranked according to pine vole activity. At least 10% of the trees in each orchard were examined for signs of possible activity.
Water Metabolism In The Pine Vole, Pitymys Pinetorum, Donald H. Rhodes, Milo E. Richmond
Water Metabolism In The Pine Vole, Pitymys Pinetorum, Donald H. Rhodes, Milo E. Richmond
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Orchard substrates, in general, provide excellent conditions for pine vole (Pitymys pinetorum) growth and reproduction as indicated by the distribution and abundance of pine voles within orchard situations in the eastern United States (Gourley and Richmond, 1972). However, the specific characteristics which are attractive to pine voles and facilitate their proliferation are poorly understood. The basis for selection of any particular habitat component by the pine vole is in large part a function of the vole's physiological requirements, because the physiological needs of the animals must be met by appropriate habitat resources. Thus, information on specific habitat parameters …
Vole Damage And Control Methods In Ontario Orchards, Ronald J. Brooks, Lin Schwarzkopf
Vole Damage And Control Methods In Ontario Orchards, Ronald J. Brooks, Lin Schwarzkopf
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
In Ontario, herbivorous mammals inflict extensive damage upon fruit tree ocrchards and hardwood plantations (Radvanyi 1974 a, b; C. Dufault pers. commun., Hikichi pers. commun.). Nevertheless, surprisingly little research has been directed toward reduction or control of this damage and, therefore, growers continue to suffer substantial annual economic losses. Ontario appears to offer no specific guidelines to assist growers in developing effective long-term control programs for mammalian pests in their orchards. Recommended methods of control are limited to brief, general pamphlets most of which have shown little substantive change over the past few decades. There have been virtually no experimental …
Effect Of Photoperiod On Activity Patterns In Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), Jack A. Cranford
Effect Of Photoperiod On Activity Patterns In Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), Jack A. Cranford
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Light is an environmental variable which has considerable effect on small mammal activity patterns. This constantly repeating 24 hour signal provides information on a daily basis and has been shown to synchronize all physiological patterns in an animals existence. Laboratory studies have shown that pine voles are slightly nocturnal (Pearson, 1947) or confined their activity to the hours of twilight and darkness (Werner, 1951). Both authors indicate that activity occurs in bouts of about 1 hour duration followed by an hour of rest. Benton (1955) observed from trapping that more activity occurred at night but cautioned that due to the …
Progress And Prospect Of A Bioenergetic Simulation Model Of Pine Vole Populations, John F. Coyle, Kevin C. Jordan, Alan R. Tipton, Roy L. Kirkpatrick
Progress And Prospect Of A Bioenergetic Simulation Model Of Pine Vole Populations, John F. Coyle, Kevin C. Jordan, Alan R. Tipton, Roy L. Kirkpatrick
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
As reported previously (Coyle and Tipton 1980), we have been engaged in the development of a computerized system which outlines the basic demographic features of a pine vole population. The system, when complete, will hopefully contain four subsystems (biological, spatial, control and economic). This paper will discuss the biological submodel, its development and validity, and prospects for its future.
Meadow And Pine Vole Control I N 1980 Field Plots, Ross E. Byers, Mark H. Merson
Meadow And Pine Vole Control I N 1980 Field Plots, Ross E. Byers, Mark H. Merson
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Broadcast treatments of Volak (Brodifacoum), Rozol (Chlorophacinone), ZP Rodent Bait AG, and Ramik-Brown (Diphacinone) gave excellent to good control of voles in decreasing order of effectiveness. A saccharin formulation of Ramik-Brown or doubling the concentration of diphacinone to 0.01% did not result in any additional control over the current formulation. Hand placement of ZP Rodent Bait AG at 1 to 3 lbs/A gave excellent control of voles. Place packs of ZP Rodent Bait AG were not opened at all sites, however, residual activity from apple activity data indicated that this product gave excellent control. Additional field and laboratory evaluations were …
Social Behavior And Activity Patterns Of Meadow Voles In Relation To Seasonal Change And Snow Cover, Ronald J. Brooks, A. Bruce Webster
Social Behavior And Activity Patterns Of Meadow Voles In Relation To Seasonal Change And Snow Cover, Ronald J. Brooks, A. Bruce Webster
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Activity and social behavior of free-ranging meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were examined in summer, fall, and winter using capture-recapture and radiotelemetry. The composition of our study population changed from predominantly reproductively-active (RA) voles in summer and fall to entirely non-reproductively-active (NR) voles in winter. RA males had larger activity areas than RA females. Activity areas of RA females did not overlap with those of other RA females, but activity areas of RA males overlapped extensively with those of both RA males and RA females. However, any contact among RA voles was rare, unless females were estrous. NR voles …
Stretching The Mouse Control Dollar, John E. Crumpacker
Stretching The Mouse Control Dollar, John E. Crumpacker
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
One of the biggest problems In our mouse control program at H. F. and T. B. Byrd, Inc. in Timberville, Virginia Is keeping a palatable bait before the voles until the bait can be accepted. For years we used labor needed for pruning to place an expensive bait only to be impeded by wet weather that molded the bait.
This year an effort is being made to keep the bait in good condition and before the target animal for a longer time. We cut old car tires (not steel belted) given to us by a local distributor and rented his …
Seasonal Forage Availability In Relation To Energy Requirements Of Pine Voles In Two Orchard Types, R. L. Lochmiller, J. B. Whelan, R. L. Kirkpatrick
Seasonal Forage Availability In Relation To Energy Requirements Of Pine Voles In Two Orchard Types, R. L. Lochmiller, J. B. Whelan, R. L. Kirkpatrick
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Results from previous work on pine vole populations and habitat interactions (Cengel et a1. 1978; Noffsinger 1976) suggested that pine vole populations were quite sensitive to seasonal changes in the quantity, species composition, and nutritive value of available forage. This conclusion was based on decreases in both reproductive performance and physical condition of pine voles collected from abandoned orchards in the fall as compared to voles taken from maintained orchards during the same season. Utilizing information from these investigations, a "follow-up" study was designed to investigate food availability and nutrient composition, food consumption, food digestibility, and energy requirements of pine …
Access Of Compounds To The Vomeronasal Organ In Pine And Meadow Voles, Charles J. Wysocki, Gary K. Beauchamp, Susan Erisman
Access Of Compounds To The Vomeronasal Organ In Pine And Meadow Voles, Charles J. Wysocki, Gary K. Beauchamp, Susan Erisman
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Neuroendocrine responses play a critical role in reproduction in every mammalian species, including voles (Richmond S. Stehn, 1976). Disruption of these normal responses can result in: (1) abnormal sexual maturation; (2) abnormal or absent female cycles; (3) pseudopregnancy; (4) blocked pregnancies; or (5) the total absence of courtship and mating. Each of these factors in turn plays a considerable role in population dynamics, especially population density. Therefore, mechanisms which disrupt normal neuroendocrine function could affect population dynamics and reduce population density by affecting changes in one or many of these reproductive processes.
Initial Results Of Chemical Inhibitors And Photoperiodic Influences On Growth And Reproduction In Microtus Pennsylvanicus, Jack A. Cranford, David H. Pistole, Terry L. Derting
Initial Results Of Chemical Inhibitors And Photoperiodic Influences On Growth And Reproduction In Microtus Pennsylvanicus, Jack A. Cranford, David H. Pistole, Terry L. Derting
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Recently Berger et al. (1977) have demonstrated reproductive in¬hibition in Microtus montanus as a result of specific plant compounds in natural vegetation. Naturally occurring cinnamic acids and their related vinyl phenols have been demonstrated to have marked effects on uterine weight, inhibition of follicular development and cessation of breeding activity. Compounds having antigonadotrophic and antithryo-tropic activities have been identified in a wide variety of plants (Chury 1967). Bickoff et al. (1959) report that alfalfa contained a non-estrogenic compound which would over ride the estrogenic effect of the plant estrogen coumestrol. Adler (1962) demonstrated that a non-estrogenic compound in alfalfa could …
Induction Of Abortion By Strange Males In Pine Vole Females That Are: 1) Ten Days Pregnant Or 2) Pregnant And Lactating, Margaret H. Schadler, Barbara J. Gauger
Induction Of Abortion By Strange Males In Pine Vole Females That Are: 1) Ten Days Pregnant Or 2) Pregnant And Lactating, Margaret H. Schadler, Barbara J. Gauger
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Pregnant voles react to the presence of unfamiliar males by aborting the offspring they are carrying, entering estrus and mating with these new males. This phenomenon was first described in pine voles by Marks and Schadler (1979). At that time we reported that 84% of females that were four days along in their first pregnancy were induced by strange males to reject their embryos. These findings encouraged us to continue our investigations and this paper reports results on the abortion response caused by strange males in females ten days along in their first pregnancy (Experiment I) and on experienced pine …
Results Of A Bioassay Technique For Ground-Sprayed Rodenticides, David H. Davis, William T. Sullivan Jr., Don H. Hayne
Results Of A Bioassay Technique For Ground-Sprayed Rodenticides, David H. Davis, William T. Sullivan Jr., Don H. Hayne
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
A laboratory test of toxicity to voles of toxicants sprayed. on a soil substrate was used. to test brodifacoum, chlorqphacinone and. endrin against pine voles. By this test, endrin was not as effective against meadow voles as against pine voles.
Apple Tree Mortality, Rate And Causes, William T. Sullivan Jr., Turner B. Sutton, Don W. Hayne
Apple Tree Mortality, Rate And Causes, William T. Sullivan Jr., Turner B. Sutton, Don W. Hayne
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
In a randomly selected sample of 47 orchard blocks in Henderson County, North Carolina, over two years, the average annual mortality rate for apple trees was 1.0 percent with probably a little less than half of this caused by voles.
Update Of Pine Vole Research At The Kearneysville Experiment Farm, Roger S. Young
Update Of Pine Vole Research At The Kearneysville Experiment Farm, Roger S. Young
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
As reported in the 1979 Proceedings of the Third Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium, an air and ground broadcast and hand placement in runs and mouse-ateria bait stations (tubes) experiment was started on December 5, 1978. Treatments were to apply brodifacoum (Volak) at 10. 0 lb. /A and diphacinone (Ramik-Brown) at 10. 0 lb. and 20. 0 lb. /A air broadcast and 10. 0 lb. /A ground broadcast and hand placement. The air broadcast treatments were not evenly distributed. Ground catch of the air broadcast of brodifacoum resulted in one portion of the treated area receiving 24% more toxicant. …
Current Research Related To Pine And Meadow Vole Damage Control, Mark H. Merson, Ross E. Byers
Current Research Related To Pine And Meadow Vole Damage Control, Mark H. Merson, Ross E. Byers
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
This paper will outline some of the research related to pine and meadow vole damage control which is currently underway at the Winchester Fruit Research Laboratory and outline some of the areas which we will be pursuing in the future. One question which must be answered whenever a chemical is used to control a pest organism is how that chemical is impacting non-target organisms. A study was initiated in the fall of 1979, with the objective of determining by use of radiotelemetry the fates of birds of prey in the vicinity of orchards treated with Brodifacoum, an anticoagulant rodenticide. A …
Field Evaluation Of Candidate Rodenticide, Milo E. Richmond, Pamela N. Miller
Field Evaluation Of Candidate Rodenticide, Milo E. Richmond, Pamela N. Miller
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
During autumn of 1978 and 1979 the New York Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit continued its program of research and management aimed at the pine vole (Pitymys pinetorum) and meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus). Two herbicides, Ammate-X (E.I. Dupont de Nemours) and Kerb (Rhom S Haas Corp.) along with 4 candidate rodenticides, Bromadiolone and Chlorophacinone (Chempar Inc.), Volak (I.C.I. Chemicals Inc.) and zinc phosphide (Bell Laboratories Inc.) were tested in both orchard and laboratory situations. This work is being conducted in conjunction with a separate research unit project aimed at evaluating the potential of using populations of the …
Rodenticide Use In Apple Orchards, Walter L. Ferguson
Rodenticide Use In Apple Orchards, Walter L. Ferguson
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
The preliminary data presented in this paper were obtained from the 1978 Survey of Pesticide Use on Deciduous Fruits (Figure 1). The survey was conducted by the Economics, Statistics and Cooperatives Service, USDA.
The purpose of this paper is to present information on: (1) rodenticides used in controlling meadow and pine voles, (2) method and timing of applications and type of coverage, (3) tree losses due to vole injury by region, and (4) growers perceived efficacy of chemicals versus cultural and mechanical controls. These data are based on the aggregated responses of the surveyed apple producers.
Disposition Of The Endrin Rpar, Lawrence S. Ebner, Harvey S. Gold
Disposition Of The Endrin Rpar, Lawrence S. Ebner, Harvey S. Gold
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Following a comprehensive three-year Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration ("RPAR") review of endrin, on July 25, 1979 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced its decision to continue federal approval of endrin for control of pine voles in the East and meadow voles in the West among other uses. See 44 Fed. Reg. 43,637-8. The Agency concluded that with additional safety precautions and procedures, endrin can be applied safely and effectively, and that the benefits of usage outweigh any risks. The stringent new safe¬guards being required by EPA, including new usage restrictions and directions, equipment specifications, and warnings to female applicators, are …