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Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health and Protection
A Preliminary Survey Of Genetic Variation Over Two Seasons Among Orchard Pine Vole Populations, J. E. Mcbride, J. J. Ney, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick
A Preliminary Survey Of Genetic Variation Over Two Seasons Among Orchard Pine Vole Populations, J. E. Mcbride, J. J. Ney, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
The objective of this study was to test for genetic homogeneity among several discontinuous orchard pine vole populations, particularly between those that had been treated with endrin and those that had not. Endrin-resistant pine vole strains have been documented (Webb and Hors-fall 1967; Webb et a1. 1973), but have not been characterized genetically. Practically, this study was designed to determine if genetic differences existed among endrin-treated and non-treated orchard populations over two seasons of the year, by examining a few specific gene loci believed to be involved in endrin metabolism in small mammals.
Water Metabolism In Laboratory-Maintained And Free-Ranging Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), D. Rhodes, M. E. Richmond
Water Metabolism In Laboratory-Maintained And Free-Ranging Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), D. Rhodes, M. E. Richmond
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Prior study of water use by the pine vole, Microtus pinetorum, has indicated that these voles require large volumes of water on a daily basis and exhibit rapid turnover of body water relative to other mammals of similar body size (Rhodes and Richmond, 1981). However, the extent to which these animals are tolerant of water deprivation and hence the importance of available water to the members of this species remains unexplored. Similarly, data on rates of body water turnover in free-ranging pine voles are presently unavailable. Thus, this study examines rates of body water turnover and urine concentrations of …
Effect Of Green Vegetation And Cotton Nest Material On Reproduction And Survival Of Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), Jack A. Cranford
Effect Of Green Vegetation And Cotton Nest Material On Reproduction And Survival Of Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum), Jack A. Cranford
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Plant compounds associated with active plant growth and senescence have been reported to have different effects on microtine reproduction (Berger et al., 1977, 1981). Biological assays of inhibitory compounds showed some effect at pharmacological doses in Microtus pennsylvanicus but not in M. pinetorum (Cranford et al., 1980; Derting and Cranford, 1981). Stimulatory plant compounds contained in active growing wheat have been demonstrated to cause early sexual maturation (Berger et al., 1981) and to induce reproduction in wild populations during non reproductive periods (Negus, 1977; Berger et al., 1981). Bodenheimer (1949) postulated that plants contain compounds which trigger the onset of …
Progress Of A Bioenergetic Simulator Of Pine Vole Populations, K. C. Jordan, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick
Progress Of A Bioenergetic Simulator Of Pine Vole Populations, K. C. Jordan, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
The pine vole research effort under way at VPI & SU has involved 4 parts: an investigation of nutrition and energetics, a study of habitat and behavior, an evaluation of chemical control, and the development of a computer simulation model of population dynamics. Coyle et a1. (1981) reported on the results of a preliminary model developed by Coyle (1980), and outlined a second stage model to incorporate his (1980) recommendations and the continually expanding base of field and laboratory data. The preliminary model was a demographic simulator mechanistically driven by bioenergetic equations developed chiefly from laboratory studies at Virginia Tech. …
A Comparison Of Maternal Behavior In Three Species Of Voles (Microtus Pennsylvania, M. Pinetorum, And M. Ochrogaster) Using A Laboratory System, B. A. Mcguire, M. A. Novak
A Comparison Of Maternal Behavior In Three Species Of Voles (Microtus Pennsylvania, M. Pinetorum, And M. Ochrogaster) Using A Laboratory System, B. A. Mcguire, M. A. Novak
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
A system has been developed to describe and compare the maternal behavior of three species of microtine rodents within a naturalistic environment. The apparatus consists of two Interconnected Plexiglas-based tables with a peat substrate and hay cover. A pregnant female and her mate are placed within the tables, once the female has shown a thirty percent weight gain and pups can be felt by palpating her abdomen. Maternal behavior, as well as male-female interactions and information on pup physical and behavioral development, are recorded daily for twenty-five days immediately following parturition. Unrestricted observation of female behavior during neonatal, pre-weaning and …
Proceedings Of The Sixth Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, Harpers Ferry, Wv (Covers, Frontmatter, Contents)
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Frontmatter
Demographic Analysis Of Pine Vole Populations In Two Orchard Types In Southwest Virginia, J. J. Hasbrouck, A. R. Tipton, S. B. Lindquist
Demographic Analysis Of Pine Vole Populations In Two Orchard Types In Southwest Virginia, J. J. Hasbrouck, A. R. Tipton, S. B. Lindquist
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Few long term studies have been conducted to analyze the population dynamics of pine and meadow voles in orchard environments. Such studies are needed to provide basic biological information for use in orchard management and vole control programs. To satisfy these needs, a three year study was begun in December, 1979, to monitor vole populations in a maintained and an abandoned apple orchard in Southwest Virginia. Two objectives of this study were (1) to follow population dynamics of pine and meadow voles in two orchard types and (2) to provide data for the development and validation of computer modeling efforts …
Proceedings Of The Sixth Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium, March 10-12, 1982 (Complete Proceedings)
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Entire symposium
Highlights of the Sixth Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium
The Sixth Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium was held at the Cliffside Inn, Box 786, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia 25425, March 10-12, 1982, for the purpose of assessing the current status of research, extension, and industry programs relating to the problem of vole damage to fruit trees. The meeting was intended to create a problem solving atmosphere in which growers; various governmental agencies such as EPA, USDA, USDI; the chemical industry; and university personnel could ob¬serve the current thrusts of research and extension programs and their potential …
Effects Of Known Densities Of Pine Voles On Apple Trees, Milo Richmond, Pamela N. Miller
Effects Of Known Densities Of Pine Voles On Apple Trees, Milo Richmond, Pamela N. Miller
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Damage to fruit trees, tree seedlings and a wide array of ornamental shrubs by microtine rodents remains a widespread problem in both Europe and North America. Careful studies that quantify the levels of damage caused by a known density of rodent pests are not available. For this reason the orchard manager. Pest Control Specialist, and the researcher have a difficult time making wise decisions that are based on solid economic data.
There are several reasons for this lack of knowledge. The damage done to apple trees is not easily observed, described, or measured. There is probably not a simple linear …
Status Of Winter Populations Of Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum, Philip O. Renzullo, Milo E. Richmond
Status Of Winter Populations Of Pine Voles (Microtus Pinetorum, Philip O. Renzullo, Milo E. Richmond
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Knowledge of the spatial and temporal organization of free ranging animal populations is important to an understanding not only of the social behavior between members of those populations, but also of several demographic parameters of the population, including reproduction, dispersal and mortality. Such information is particularly important when viewed in the context of pest species management. The efficacy of control practices such as rodenticide application and habitat manipulation might be greatly enhanced if performed with an understanding of the organization and status of pest populations in mind.
Early considerations of pine vole (Microtus pinetorum) spatial and temporal organization were based …
Influence Of Photoperiod And Nutrition On Food Composition, Body Condition And Reproduction In The Pine Vole, J. J. Hasbrouck, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick, Jack A. Cranford
Influence Of Photoperiod And Nutrition On Food Composition, Body Condition And Reproduction In The Pine Vole, J. J. Hasbrouck, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick, Jack A. Cranford
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Previous field studies in Virginia reported a longer breeding sea¬son in pine voles in maintained apple orchards than in abandoned orchards and attributed the difference to nutrition (Cengel et at. 1978, Noffsinger 1976). The maintained orchard was theorized to have better quantity and quality of forage in fall due to mowing, fertilizing and the presence of apple drops. Hasbrouck et a1. (1981) found adult male pine voles snap-trapped in November and December in an orchard where apples were present had significantly heavier reproductive organs and higher spermatozoa counts than those trapped in an area of the orchard where apples had …
Habitat Utilization And Spacing Patterns Of Pine And Meadow Voles, J. A. Cranford, T. L. Derting
Habitat Utilization And Spacing Patterns Of Pine And Meadow Voles, J. A. Cranford, T. L. Derting
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) and meadow voles (M. pennsylvanicus) co-occur in orchards but may exhibit mutual avoidance through temporal or spatial isolation. Though pine and meadow voles have exhibited overlapping home ranges, individuals of the two species seldom occupy the same 2m area at the same time (Pagano & Madison, 1981). Differences in habitat use by pine and meadow voles may contribute to their spatial separation in orchards. McAnich (1979) found a weak relationship between meadow vole numbers and soil compaction, soil moisture, thatch depth, and light intensity and no relationship between meadow vole occurrence and …
Ecological Requirements Of Pine And Meadow Voles In New England Orchards, Alan J. Steiner
Ecological Requirements Of Pine And Meadow Voles In New England Orchards, Alan J. Steiner
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
With increased concern over the effects of pesticides on ecosystems end non-target species, the use of many toxic materials has either been banned or severely restricted. Consequently, a more ecological approach to vole damage is necessary to develop sounder methods of control. Distribution of pine voles (Microtus pinetorum), both seasonally end geographically, indicates that this species is not readily adaptable to 8 wide range of habitat types or conditions. If there are certain factors limiting the occurrence end abundance of pine voles, end they can be detected, we may be able to exploit this knowledge to adversely affect …
Selected Habitat Characteristics And Pine Vole Abundance In Pennsylvania Apple Orchards, J. R. Parker, G. M. Kelly, W. M. Tzilkowski
Selected Habitat Characteristics And Pine Vole Abundance In Pennsylvania Apple Orchards, J. R. Parker, G. M. Kelly, W. M. Tzilkowski
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
In the past, researchers from The Pennsylvania State University have Investigated specific aspects of the pine vole (Microtus pinetorum) and its biology (Fisher 1976, Gettle 1975, Simpson 1978). In our current research, we are Investigating many factors of the pine vole's orchard habitat and examining these factors collectively. Our objectives are:
1) To determine what combinations of habitat characteristics relate best to abundance of pine voles in Pennsylvania apple orchards.
2) To recommend strategies on how to consider or modify those habitat characteristics to maintain the lowest possible numbers of pine voles.
1982 Vole Symposium West Virginia Orchard Tour, Roger S. Young
1982 Vole Symposium West Virginia Orchard Tour, Roger S. Young
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Warm Springs Orchard - Robert W. Butler
Swan Pond Orchard - William Kilmer
Lewis Brother Orchard - Charles and Otho Lewis
Potential Use Of Barn Owls To Control Vole Populations In Orchards, T. L. Derting, Jack A. Cranford
Potential Use Of Barn Owls To Control Vole Populations In Orchards, T. L. Derting, Jack A. Cranford
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
The development of control methods for pine and meadow voles in orchard habitats has met with limited success. Though numerous physical, mechanical, and chemical methods have been recommended for limiting vole populations, few have effectively reduced and maintained vole populations at minimal densities for extended periods of time. Though the use of chemicals has been the most effective control method developed it has not resulted in the extinction of pest populations. The initial application of rodenticides frequently causes a significant reduction in pest species, but due to their high intrinsic rate of increase, vole densities quickly rise. Because of high …
Strange Males Block Pregnancy In Lactating Pine Voles, Microtus Pinetorum, And Reduce Survival And Growth Of Nursing Young, Margaret H. Schadler
Strange Males Block Pregnancy In Lactating Pine Voles, Microtus Pinetorum, And Reduce Survival And Growth Of Nursing Young, Margaret H. Schadler
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Strange (unfamiliar) males affect survival of progeny of reproductive female rodents in a variety of ways. In mice, strange males block pregnancy before implantation of embryos (Bruce, 1959) but only in females that are not lactating (Bruce and Parkes, 1961). In voles these males can block pregnancy both before and after implantation (Stehn and Richmond, 1975; Marks and Schadler, 1979; Schadler, 1981). Strange males have also been shown to kill nursing pups in lemmings (Mallory and Brooks, 1978) and mice (Labov, 1980 and vom Saal and Howard, 1982).
The present study in pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) examines the …
The Status Of Endrin - 1981, Harvey S. Gold
The Status Of Endrin - 1981, Harvey S. Gold
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
As reported in 1980, at the Fourth Annual Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium, the use of endrin would be subject to the EPA Administrator's decision as delineated in the EPA Position Document 4. The details of his decision and the resulting prohibitions and restrictions were given at last year's Symposium and are contained in the official publication of the 1980 Symposium in the article by Lawrence S. Ebner and Harvey S. Gold.
Non-Target Species Hazard Or Brodifacoum Use In Orchards For Meadow Vole Control, Mark H. Merson, Ross E. Byers
Non-Target Species Hazard Or Brodifacoum Use In Orchards For Meadow Vole Control, Mark H. Merson, Ross E. Byers
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
This year we entered into our second year of non-target species hazard assessment of Brodifacoum used (BFC; ICI Americas, Inc.) as an orchard rodenticide. The primary emphasis of this work has been to in¬vestigate the effects of BFC on birds of prey through secondary poisoning. The hazard level of BFC to raptors should be dependent on the levels found in post-treatment collections of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus). Post-treatment collections of meadow voles were made during both the 1979 and 1980 field trials. The residue analysis from the 1979 collections are now available (through the courtesy of ICI Americas, …
Pine Vole Activity Results For 1979-1980 Toxicant Applications, Roger S. Young
Pine Vole Activity Results For 1979-1980 Toxicant Applications, Roger S. Young
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
The toxicants were placed in an apple orchard consisting of 'Rome' and 'Golden Delicious' trees planted in 1954 at a distance of 20 by 20 feet and thinned to 20 by 40 feet in 1972. Pine voles have been for several years the dominant vole infesting the orchard and have caused an 8% tree loss. Vole activity sites were selected at 30 trees per treatment. Bait applications of brodifacoum (Volak) and chlorophacinone (Rozol) were made by hand placement under roofing pads at one activity site per tree. A treatment was included using the "Mouse-ateria", as the bait station for comparison …
Seasonal Variations In Movements And Habitat Use By Pine And Meadow Voles, Ralph E. Pagano, Dale M. Madison
Seasonal Variations In Movements And Habitat Use By Pine And Meadow Voles, Ralph E. Pagano, Dale M. Madison
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Free-ranging pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) and meadow voles (M. pennsylvanicus) were radio-tracked in a maintained apple orchard environment in August and December 1980. Meadow voles maintained larger home ranges than pine voles in the summer, but had similar-sized ranges in December. The home ranges for both species decreased with the onset of winter. Pine and meadow voles showed a strong tendency to remain within rows and to restrict most of their movement to areas beneath the canopy. Despite some overlap in space use between the species, the movements of both vole species suggested mutual avoidance. Differences …
Influence Of Apples On Population Density, Body Weights, And Reproductive Organ Weights In Pine Voles, J. J. Hasbrouck, F. A. Servello, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick
Influence Of Apples On Population Density, Body Weights, And Reproductive Organ Weights In Pine Voles, J. J. Hasbrouck, F. A. Servello, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Previous field studies at Virginia Tech have found differences in reproductive output of pine voles in abandoned and maintained orchards. Cengel et a1. (1978), trapping in northern Virginia, found higher levels of reproduction in a maintained orchard than in an abandoned orchard. The breeding season of voles extended into winter in the maintained orchard but ceased in late fall and winter in the abandoned orchard. Noffsinger (1976), working in orchards near Roanoke, Virginia, found a higher fatality rate in the maintained orchard and a year-round breeding season; however, the percentage of pregnant females declined in winter. Reproduction was lower in …
Spacing, Movements, And Social Organization Of A Free-Ranging Population Of Pine Voles Microtus Pinetorum, Randall W. Fitzgerald, Dale M. Madison
Spacing, Movements, And Social Organization Of A Free-Ranging Population Of Pine Voles Microtus Pinetorum, Randall W. Fitzgerald, Dale M. Madison
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Free-ranging pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) were radio-tracked in a maintained orchard environment from August to November 1980. Pine voles existed in discrete non-overlapping family units with an average of 6.5 individuals per family unit. Home ranges of family members overlapped extensively, and all the members of a single family unit utilized one or two communal nest sites within the family's territory. Males ranged slightly farther than females, and females spent more time in the nest than did males. The mating system appeared to be promiscuous with a high degree of social tolerance among pregnant and lactating females and …
Digestibility And Nutritional Quality Of Apple Tree Roots And Other Orchard Forages Of The Pine Vole, F. A. Servello, R. L. Kirkpatrick, K. E. Webb Jr.
Digestibility And Nutritional Quality Of Apple Tree Roots And Other Orchard Forages Of The Pine Vole, F. A. Servello, R. L. Kirkpatrick, K. E. Webb Jr.
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Analysis of the seasonal food habits of pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) by Cengel et a1. (1978) revealed that apple tree root consumption occurs only during winter months. Increased root consumption in the winter has been postulated to be due to a decrease in the quantity and quality of other foods in orchards. However, the normal translocation of carbohydrates into the root systems of trees during the dormant season may improve the quality of apple tree roots as a food source for voles. One objective of the pine vole nutrition studies at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University is …
Social Behavior Of The Pine Vole (Pitymys Pinetorum): I. Activity Patterns Of Mated Pine Voles In Semi-Natural Environments, Philip O. Renzullo, Milo E. Richmond
Social Behavior Of The Pine Vole (Pitymys Pinetorum): I. Activity Patterns Of Mated Pine Voles In Semi-Natural Environments, Philip O. Renzullo, Milo E. Richmond
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
The root damage resulting from pine vole (Pitymys pinetorum) infestation of apple orchards remains a major vertebrate pest problem. Currently, research effort is being directed at habitat management and at toxic bait development and application as two potentially cost-effective methods for control of these rodents. Recently, investigations have begun into the detailed relationships between the pine vole's physiology and it's habitat in an effort to understand and perhaps disrupt the seemingly ideal balance achieved by the animal in apple orchard situations. In addition to these approaches, which have possible immediate application, one area of pine vole biology that …
Analysis Of Seasonal Dynamics Of Pine Vole Populations In Two Virginia Orchards, S. B. Lindquist, A. R. Tipton, G. K. Yarrow, J. J. Hasbrouck
Analysis Of Seasonal Dynamics Of Pine Vole Populations In Two Virginia Orchards, S. B. Lindquist, A. R. Tipton, G. K. Yarrow, J. J. Hasbrouck
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Presently, V. P. I. and S.U. is involved in a three year multi-disciplinary project to study pine and meadow vole ecology, behavior, and control (see additional V.P.I, and S. U. papers in Proc. Fifth East. Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium). In conjunction with this research, a long-term field study has been initiated to collect seasonal data on vole densities, survivorship, and reproduction in two Virginia apple orchards. The use of these data will be fourfold: (1) to gain insight into the dynamics of Virginia vole populations; (2) to act as a reference (or control) for future field experiments involving manipulation …
Social Context Affects Expression Of Conditioned Taste Aversions During Grooming By Pine Voles: Implications For Animal Damage Control, J. Russell Mason, Lynette A. Geyer, Christine A. Kornet
Social Context Affects Expression Of Conditioned Taste Aversions During Grooming By Pine Voles: Implications For Animal Damage Control, J. Russell Mason, Lynette A. Geyer, Christine A. Kornet
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Rodents typically show conditioned aversions to substances previously associated with illness. Aversions can be observed when the tastant is presented in food, water and, for rats, when the tastant is smeared unilaterally on the animal's flank and ingested during auto-grooming. Such results have important implications for rodent control. For that reason, others have investigated whether voles and mice continue to groom when tastants associated with sickness are smeared on their fur. Investigations have shown that grooming persists in the presence of the conditioned stimuli even though strong aversions are shown toward the same tastants in a drinking context. The question …
Social Organizations And Reproduction In Freely Reproducing Colonies Of Pine Voles In The Laboratory, Margaret H. Schadler
Social Organizations And Reproduction In Freely Reproducing Colonies Of Pine Voles In The Laboratory, Margaret H. Schadler
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
Freely reproducing colonies of pine voles reared in confined laboratory enclosures have a definite social organization and a predictable pattern of reproduction which results in limitation of population size. Colonies that were established in the laboratory with a single breeding pair showed that: 1) populations were self-limiting, 2) rank order existed with the founding female occupying a dominant position in the hierarchy, 3) reproduction was generally confined to the founding female and 4) the non-reproducing members of the colony showed that they did become reproductive when they were paired with normal mates. This paper is a preliminary report of the …
A System For The Observation Of Voles Under Semi-Natural Conditions With Applications To: Social Interactions, Competition, Food Habits, Habitat Preference And Bait Accpetance., D. S. Wilkie, M. A. Novak
A System For The Observation Of Voles Under Semi-Natural Conditions With Applications To: Social Interactions, Competition, Food Habits, Habitat Preference And Bait Accpetance., D. S. Wilkie, M. A. Novak
Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia
A laboratory system to study microtine rodents has been developed that avoids many of the intrinsic restrictions of earlier laboratory and field studies. The system is composed of two interconnected plexiglas tables with a soil substrate and hay cover. The system permits unconstrained visual observation of voles as they move within a runway network of their own construction. The flexibility of the system facilitates its use in various avenues of microtine research.