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Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health and Protection

Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control, James E. Miller Oct 1987

Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control, James E. Miller

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The wildlife profession has achieved great success in habitat management, game population restoration, and in learning to manage wildlife populations for public use and enjoyment during the past 50 years. However, a number of wildlife species have become serious problems to agricultural profitability and to natural resources managers in recent years.

These problem situations may well focus on a lack of appropriate research or perhaps just not keeping pace. For the most part, wildlife research for the prevention and control of wildlife damage has been latently reactive, rather than proactive. Obviously, one of the difficulties continues to be, how to …

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Avoiding Controversies That Impede Wildlife Damage Control, B.W. O'Gara Oct 1987

Avoiding Controversies That Impede Wildlife Damage Control, B.W. O'Gara

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Controversies regarding wildlife damage control often result from incorrect perceptions by the general public or conservation groups. Such controversies can usually be settled to most people's satisfaction by indisputable data. In the past, however, data were often lacking. The ban, by Executive order in 1972, of chemical toxicants for predator control on federal lands and by federal agencies is a good case in point. Indisputable data were not available concerning the level of predation. The only data were derived from questionnaires filled out by livestock producers; Government officials and the public simply would not accept such data as unbiased.

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Lethal Roost Toxicants For Control Of Starlings And Blackbirds, Denver L. Otis Oct 1987

Lethal Roost Toxicants For Control Of Starlings And Blackbirds, Denver L. Otis

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Roosting congregations of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and several blackbird species (Icteridae) cause several millions of dollars in losses to agricultural crops throughout the United States. In addition, they are responsible for a variety of nuisance problems, human and livestock diseases, and human safety hazards. Dozens of tools have been developed for alleviating these problems, some of which are nonlethal techniques aimed at either roost dispersal or site specific protection of the problem site. Lethal baiting techniques for use at staging areas or at the problem site have also been developed. However, the most controversial solution involves the use …

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Coyote Control Techniques And Their Applications In The Eastern United States, Rick D. Owens Oct 1987

Coyote Control Techniques And Their Applications In The Eastern United States, Rick D. Owens

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Conflicts between coyotes and man's activities are varied and include such problems as predation on livestock, agricultural crops, and other wildlife, as well as threats to human health or safety. Formerly restricted to the Great Plains, the coyote's adaptability has enabled expansion of its population throughout most of the United States, Canada and Mexico. This expansion has occurred in spite of large-scale control and/or eradication efforts.

In the West, coyote management includes non-lethal as well as lethal techniques. Non-lethal approaches, which have resulted in varying degrees of success, include the use of guarding dogs, fencing, and shedding. In many instances, …

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Participants Oct 1987

Participants

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

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Effects Of Differential Pine Vole Populations On Growth And Yield Of 'Mcintosh’ Apple Trees, M.E. Richmond, C.G. Forshey, L.A. Mahaffy, P.N. Miller Oct 1987

Effects Of Differential Pine Vole Populations On Growth And Yield Of 'Mcintosh’ Apple Trees, M.E. Richmond, C.G. Forshey, L.A. Mahaffy, P.N. Miller

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Pine voles (Microtus pinetorum LeConte) were maintained as known populations (0, 269, 538 and 1075/ha) in wire mesh-enclosed blocks of 'Mclntosh'/M26 apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) for 2 years. There was little measurable effect of the voles on growth and production the 1st year, but during the 2nd year the highest population was associated with the death of one tree; severe reductions in growth, yield, and fruit size; a 78% reduction in crown bark weight, 56% loss of fibrous roots, and a dramatic reduction in the value of the crop. Although the low and the medium …

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The Use Of The T-Culvert Guard To Protect Road Culverts From Plugging Damage By Beavers, K.J. Roblee Oct 1987

The Use Of The T-Culvert Guard To Protect Road Culverts From Plugging Damage By Beavers, K.J. Roblee

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Since 1978 there has been a continual effort by Region 9 of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation to develop devices capable of protecting road culverts from plugging damage by beavers (Castor canadensis). Various protective devices were developed. The most successful was the T-culvert guard. Trial installations of T-culvert guards were made at 4 sites experiencing beaver damage. T-culverts consisted of a 4 ft. or larger diameter culvert and a smaller diameter culvert which connected it to the road culvert . Directions for construction, installation and maintenance of T-culverts are given. Costs for a typical 4 …

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Cooperative Beaver Control: Usfws-Adc And Private/Industrial Landowners, K. F. Rohr Oct 1987

Cooperative Beaver Control: Usfws-Adc And Private/Industrial Landowners, K. F. Rohr

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Beaver populations in North Miss, and West Tenn. have increased rapidly, Pelt trapping has been the major control method in the past. With low demand and poor prices for southern pelts, this activity is almost nonexistent today.

Landowners, both private and industrial, have tried several control methods with limited success. Few landowners have the expertise or the time to perform their own control work. What is needed is an agency with the expertise and the supervisory capacity to administer the program for the landowner.

The Animal Damage Control Unit of USDA entered into a cooperative agreement with an industrial landowner …

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Extension's Perspective Of Federal, State And Private Animal Damage Control Programs, Gary J. San Julian Oct 1987

Extension's Perspective Of Federal, State And Private Animal Damage Control Programs, Gary J. San Julian

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Extension personnel are in a unique position to observe and to be involved in animal damage control (ADC) programs at the federal, state and private levels. In order to offer educational programs, we must interpret regulations and policies to provide a workable interface between ourselves, other agencies and the public. This is not an easy task in such a sensitive and emotional area.

The lack of uniformity in policies among federal agencies as well as the hazy lines of authority and responsibility for some species makes it hard to provide guidance for our clientele. The growing involvement of the public …

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Nonpredatory Mammal Damage Research Needs, John L. Seubert Oct 1987

Nonpredatory Mammal Damage Research Needs, John L. Seubert

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Nonpredatory mammal damage probably exceeds one-half billion dollars each year in the U.S., in spite of many techniques and programs for controlling such losses. Improved and new control methods are obviously needed. The task of ADC researchers has become increasingly demanding and complex, however. They must not only obtain information to satisfy recurring Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) data call-ins required to maintain and improve existing State and Federal rodenticide registrations, but must develop and register new damage control techniques and strategies. New methods must be highly efficacious, safe, cost effective, and present the lowest possible hazard to non-target species and …

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Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control, Dennis Slate Oct 1987

Research Needs In Wildlife Damage Control, Dennis Slate

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

This presentation provides a brief overview of wildlife damage-related research needs as they are perceived by Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Animal Damage Control (ADC) State Directors in the Eastern ADC Region. There are 23 State Directors in the Eastern ADC Region who are responsible for managing operational and technical assistance animal damage programs in 31 states. Because of their collective experience with a variety of species and control techniques under various environmental circumstances, their input and insight should be valuable in helping those in the research community more clearly define wildlife damage-related research needs.

State Directors responded …

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Decontamination Of A Histoplasma Capsulatum-Infested Blackbird Roost: Use Of A Sprinkler System To Apply Formalin, A.R. Stickley Jr., J.R. Pruitt, C.E. Hume, T. Pass Ii, C.H. Gayle Oct 1987

Decontamination Of A Histoplasma Capsulatum-Infested Blackbird Roost: Use Of A Sprinkler System To Apply Formalin, A.R. Stickley Jr., J.R. Pruitt, C.E. Hume, T. Pass Ii, C.H. Gayle

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

When disturbed, blackbird/ starling roost sites can be sources of locally severe outbreaks of histoplasmosis; therefore decontamination with formalin is sometimes prudent. We describe the use of a $5000 sprinkler system for spraying formalin on a Histoplasma capsulatum-infested roost site. This system precludes direct worker involvement in the application of this hazardous chemical to the area. Analysis of soil samples collected and cultured both before and after formalin treatment confirmed the eradication of H. capsulatum from the 1.3 ha site. Cost was approximately $17,000 with sprinkler system provided at no charge.

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Status Of Mesurol® As A Bird Repellent For Cherries And Other Fruit Crops, Mark E. Tobin, Richard A. Dolbeer Oct 1987

Status Of Mesurol® As A Bird Repellent For Cherries And Other Fruit Crops, Mark E. Tobin, Richard A. Dolbeer

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

A single application of Mesurol at 1.5 Ib (Al) /ac to ripening cherries reduced bird damage in a field test in the mid-Hudson Valley of New York, 1986. Treated trees averaged 8.9% damage compared to 17.5% damage for untreated trees. An average of 7.4 birds flew into treated blocks per 15-min count versus an average of 19.8 birds that flew into control blocks. These results support the various evaluations over the past 15 years of Mesurol as a bird repellent for fruit crops. The consensus of these tests is that Mesurol often provides an effective nonlethal means of reducing conflicts …

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Bait Stations For Controlling Voles In Apple Orchards, Mark E. Tobin, Milo E. Richmond Oct 1987

Bait Stations For Controlling Voles In Apple Orchards, Mark E. Tobin, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Bait stations made with polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipe were compared with hand-broadcast applications of rodenticides for achieving long-term control of pine and meadow vole populations (Microtus pinetorum and M. pennsylvanicus, respectively) in two apple orchards in the mid-Hudson Valley of New York. The stations were constructed of three pieces of 1.5-in diameter PVC tubing joined together in the shape of an inverted "T". Roofing shingles were placed over the entrances to some of the bait stations to encourage use by voles, while others were left uncovered. All stations were tied to trees, with no attempt to place them near …

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Landowner Perceptions Of Beaver Damage And Control In Arkansas, T.B. Wigley, M.E. Garner Oct 1987

Landowner Perceptions Of Beaver Damage And Control In Arkansas, T.B. Wigley, M.E. Garner

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Landowner perceptions of damage caused by beavers (Castor canadensis) and of beaver control programs in Arkansas were determined by mail survey. Beavers were present on lands owned by 36% of the 1,716 respondents. Girdled timber, blocked culverts and flooded timber were the first, second and third most common damages reported, respectively. Thirty-two percent of all respondents and 90% of those with beavers reported at least one form of damage. Four percent of land owned by respondents was flooded by beavers. Of landowners with beavers, 50% described damage as substantial or severe, and 46% perceived damage as unreasonable. At …

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A Method For Assessing Blackbird Damage To Ripening Rice, Robert G. Wright, Keith A. Arnold, Michael O. Way Oct 1987

A Method For Assessing Blackbird Damage To Ripening Rice, Robert G. Wright, Keith A. Arnold, Michael O. Way

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

A method for measuring and mapping the location of blackbird (Icterinae) damage to ripening rice over time was developed and employed in 7 commercial rice fields ranging from 20.6 to 47.4 ha in Matagorda County, Texas, during the 1985 and 1986 growing seasons. Ten evenly-spaced transects were established perpendicular to the longest side of the field and each transect was sampled at pre-determined distances. Transects were subdivided into "edge" (<= 60 m from field border) and "middle" (> 60 m from the field border) strata. The measured percent damage was compared to visual estimates for 3 samplings to assess the accuracy and precision of the latter. Measuring the …

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Perceptions And Management Preferences Of Game Wardens And Extension Agents Towards Deer Damage To Soybeans, Linda A. Lyon, Patrick F. Scanlon Oct 1987

Perceptions And Management Preferences Of Game Wardens And Extension Agents Towards Deer Damage To Soybeans, Linda A. Lyon, Patrick F. Scanlon

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

We conducted mail-back questionnaire surveys in 1985 of game wardens and agricultural extension agents in eastern Virginia. Our objectives were to examine perceptions of deer damage, particularly on soybean crops, and deer management preferences of these two groups. Extension agents generally reported greater yield losses of crops from deer damage than did game wardens, but the average difference per crop between groups were not significantly different. For example, game wardens estimated that loss of soybean yield due to deer damage was 2.9% (SD = 1.96) and extension agents reported 4.9% loss (SD = 5.01, P = 0.31. The proportion of …

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Wolf, Golden Eagle, And Coyote Problems In Montana, B.W. O'Gara, W. Rightmire Oct 1987

Wolf, Golden Eagle, And Coyote Problems In Montana, B.W. O'Gara, W. Rightmire

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The average annual reported loss of sheep and lambs to predators in Montana from 1982 through 1986 was 46,000 animals worth $1,980,000. During recent years, coyote predation has been the single most important cause of death for lambs. Coyotes accounted for 80% of the predator kills during 1985 and 72% during 1986, and 8,321 coyotes were killed by ADC during those 2 years. Aerial gunning accounted for more than half of the kills. During the first year of a study on a ranch in western Montana without predator control, coyotes killed 8% of the ewes and 27% of lambs. Predation …

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The Economic Impact Of Wildlife Damage On Hudson Valley Orchards, M. Phillips, C.G. Forshey, G.B. White, M.E. Richmond Oct 1987

The Economic Impact Of Wildlife Damage On Hudson Valley Orchards, M. Phillips, C.G. Forshey, G.B. White, M.E. Richmond

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The impact of wildlife damage on the profitability of apple farming in New York's Hudson Valley was determined by vise of a Standard Net Present Value (NPV) analysis as a means to measure long-term impact. Data were gathered through questionnaire and interview of a stratified random sample of 39 growers that represented 17% of the regional growers. Data concerning species causing damage, extent of wildlife damage and types of controls used were combined with current and long-range costs including revenue lost through damage and control costs. Limitations of the analysis are discussed along with results that indicate an annual equivalent …

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Deer Damage Control Preferences And Use Decisions Of New York Orchardists, K.G. Purdy, W.F. Siemer, G.A. Pomerantz, T.L. Brown Oct 1987

Deer Damage Control Preferences And Use Decisions Of New York Orchardists, K.G. Purdy, W.F. Siemer, G.A. Pomerantz, T.L. Brown

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Previous studies in New York, the nation's second leading state in apple production, have contributed much to deer management decisions that give consideration to orchardists' concerns about crop damage. Little information, however, has been reported about orchardists' reasons for adopting or not adopting particular types of deer damage controls or their preference for various forms of possible damage control assistance. Two complementary studies, conducted in early 1987 by the Human Dimensions Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, have addressed these information needs. A mail survey of orchardists in an important fruit-producing region of southeastern New York indicated that …

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Session Moderators Oct 1987

Session Moderators

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Session moderators

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Preliminary Testing Of A Selenium-Based Systemic Deer Browse Repellent, T.R. Angradi, W.M. Tzilkowski Oct 1987

Preliminary Testing Of A Selenium-Based Systemic Deer Browse Repellent, T.R. Angradi, W.M. Tzilkowski

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Silviculturists use a variety of techniques, including repellents, to reduce browse damage by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to valuable eastern hardwood seedlings. Systemic selenium, sodium selenite, was evaluated with captive white-tailed deer for its repellency in white ash (Fraxinus americana) and black cherry (Prunus serotina) seedlings. Selenium had no effect in reducing browsing of black cherry. However, there was a reduction (p<0.05) in the white ash browsing level.

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Use Of Drc 1339 To Control Crows In Three Roosts In Kentucky And Arkansas, Frank L. Boyd, Douglas I. Hall Oct 1987

Use Of Drc 1339 To Control Crows In Three Roosts In Kentucky And Arkansas, Frank L. Boyd, Douglas I. Hall

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Field tests utilizing DRC 1339 (3- chloro-4-methylbenzamine hydrochloride) 98% concentrate on whole kernel corn for crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) control were conducted in January and February 1981 in Lexington and Louisville, Kentucky, and in 1982 in Ashdown, Arkansas. Treated bait was placed in staging areas near the roosts after pre-baiting indicated good acceptance at the sites. The rate of acceptance varied with bait placement. Best results were obtained when bait was placed on bare ground at habitually used staging areas close to the roost site. Population reductions of up to 25% were obtained with limited baiting. DRC 1339 appears …

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Effectiveness Of Human Hair, Bgr, And A Mixture Of Blood Meal And Peppercorns In Reducing Deer Damage To Young Apple Trees, Michael R. Conover, Gary S. Kania Oct 1987

Effectiveness Of Human Hair, Bgr, And A Mixture Of Blood Meal And Peppercorns In Reducing Deer Damage To Young Apple Trees, Michael R. Conover, Gary S. Kania

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

We evaluated the ability of three repellents [human hair, Big Game Repellent (BGR), and a mixture of blood meal and peppercorns] to reduce deer damage on young apple trees in two Connecticut orchards. Most of the deer damage consisted of winter browsing on dormant apple buds. Little browsing occurred on leaves or buds during the growing season and only a few cases of pre-rut rubbing of trees were observed. In one orchard, buds were browsed during the winter on 52% of the untreated control trees, 45% of the trees sprayed with BGR, and 40% of the trees containing a hair …

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The Urban-Suburban Canada Goose: An Example Of Short-Sighted Management?, Michael R. Conover Oct 1987

The Urban-Suburban Canada Goose: An Example Of Short-Sighted Management?, Michael R. Conover

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

During the last 30 years, Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) populations have become established in many urban and suburban parts of North America. Most of these scattered populations were established when live geese were released in these areas or nearby rural areas by individual hunters, sportmen's groups and game agencies. The birds quickly found lawns in urban-suburban areas an abundant source of nutritious grass for grazing and discovered people willing to provide supplementary handouts. The resident goose populations thrived; in Connecticut alone their population has increased to 9,000. However, the increased populations contributed little to the hunter's take because the geese …

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Involving Hunting And Trapping In Cooperative Wildlife Damage Control, Ed Hackett Oct 1987

Involving Hunting And Trapping In Cooperative Wildlife Damage Control, Ed Hackett

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

The perception of a wildlife damage problem may vary greatly among groups with a stake in the problem. To the deer hunter, there is no such problem as too many deer. To the farmer, in the midst of a personal economic disaster, one deer may seem too many. To the conservation officer (CO) who has spent a career building deer populations, the farmer's problem may be a sign of success. To the USDA-APHISADC staff member, solving the farmer's problem may be the most important issue. The key to resolving these conflicting views of the same event is to make each …

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Methiocarb-Treated Rice Seed Applied After Field Draining Fails To Repel Blackbirds From Sprouting Rice, N.R. Holler, P.W. Lefebvre, R.E. Matteson, G.R. Gunknecht, R.A. Dolbeer Oct 1987

Methiocarb-Treated Rice Seed Applied After Field Draining Fails To Repel Blackbirds From Sprouting Rice, N.R. Holler, P.W. Lefebvre, R.E. Matteson, G.R. Gunknecht, R.A. Dolbeer

Eastern Wildlife Damage Control Conference: 3rd (1987)

Blackbirds, primarily Agelaius phoeniceus, cause extensive losses to sprouting rice in southwestern Louisiana. Methiocarb applied to seed prior to planting at rates above 1.0 g a.i./kg rice (0.1%) has provided excellent protection to sprouting rice in Louisiana under conditions of high bird pressure. To reduce treatment costs, some farmers have used over-flights of methiocarbtreated seed applied at low rates to part of the field after draining. This study showed this technique was not efficacious under conditions of high bird pressure. Four fields treated in this manner suffered 98% loss of sprouts compared to 100% loss in four untreated fields. Large …

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Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Plan Aug 1987

Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Plan

Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery: Annual Reports

As enacted by Congress, the purposes of the Endangered Species Act are to provide a program for the conservation of such endangered and threatened species as well as a means whereby the ecosystems upon which such species depend may be conserved. The Act also mandates that the Secretary of the Interior shall develop and implement plans for the conservation and survival of endangered and threatened species. It is further declared to be the policy of Congress that all Federal departments and agencies shall seek to conserve endangered and threatened species and shall utilize their authorities in furtherance of the purposes …

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Eighth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings: Frontmatter & Contents Apr 1987

Eighth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings: Frontmatter & Contents

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Uresk, Daniel W.; Schenbeck, Greg L.; Cefkin, Rose, technical coordinators. 1988. Eighth Great Plains wildlife damage control workshop proceedings. General Technical Report RM-15it. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station; 231 p. [Listed also as Publication Ho. 121, Lincoln, NE: Great Plains Agricultural^ Council.]

Abstract These proceedings consist of more than 40 presented papers on damage caused by many different animals. Panel presentations that followed two special sessions—one on prairie dogs and related small mammals and another on ways to enhance waterfowl production—are also included. In addition to information on mechanical …

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Importance Of Attractant Qualities For Improving A New Coyote Delivery System, Steven M. Ebbert, Daniel B. Fagre Apr 1987

Importance Of Attractant Qualities For Improving A New Coyote Delivery System, Steven M. Ebbert, Daniel B. Fagre

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Changes in effectiveness and nontarget species selectivity of a new system for delivering ingestible substances to coyotes (Canis latrans) were examined by systematically varying odor type and quantity used to attract coyotes to the device. The new delivery system's efficacy was comparable to the M-44 in our tests in south Texas. A synthetic lure improved the effectiveness of the delivery system when applied in amounts of 0.10 cc or 0.50 cc. Varying odor type did not increase the incidence of desirable coyote behavior, such as biting, but did increase rates of visitation.

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