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Volcanology Commons™

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2011

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Articles 1 - 10 of 10

Full-Text Articles in Volcanology

Remote Analysis Of Grain Size Characteristic In Submarine Pyroclastic Deposits From Kolumbo Volcano, Greece, Clara Smart, D. P. Whitesell, Christopher N. Roman, Steven Carey Dec 2011

Remote Analysis Of Grain Size Characteristic In Submarine Pyroclastic Deposits From Kolumbo Volcano, Greece, Clara Smart, D. P. Whitesell, Christopher N. Roman, Steven Carey

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Grain size characteristics of pyroclastic deposits provide valuable information about source eruption energetics and depositional processes. Maximum size and sorting are often used to discriminate between fallout and sediment gravity flow processes during explosive eruptions. In the submarine environment the collection of such data in thick pyroclastic sequences is extremely challenging and potentially time consuming. A method has been developed to extract grain size information from stereo images collected by a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). In the summer of 2010 the ROV Hercules collected a suite of stereo images from a thick pumice sequence in the caldera walls of Kolumbo …


Magma Chamber Processes At Mutnovsky Volcano, Russia, Kelly L. Robertson Dec 2011

Magma Chamber Processes At Mutnovsky Volcano, Russia, Kelly L. Robertson

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This dissertation is composed of two manuscripts about the evolution of Mutnovsky Volcano in Kamchatka, Russia. Mutnovsky has been active for the past approximately 80,000 years, during which there was the formation and subsequent eruption of four major stratocones. These four eruptive centers, named Mutnovsky I, II, III, and IV from oldest to youngest, have a range of erupted product compositions from basalt to dacite. The first major goal of this project was to investigate the melt source for Mutnovsky. Whole rock trace element and Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic data were used to determine that the melt source was …


Insight Into Volatile Behavior At Nyamuragira Volcano (D.R. Congo, Africa) Through Olivine-Hosted Melt Inclusions, Elisabet M. Head, Alison M. Shaw, Paul J. Wallace, Kenneth W. W. Sims, Simon A. Carn Oct 2011

Insight Into Volatile Behavior At Nyamuragira Volcano (D.R. Congo, Africa) Through Olivine-Hosted Melt Inclusions, Elisabet M. Head, Alison M. Shaw, Paul J. Wallace, Kenneth W. W. Sims, Simon A. Carn

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

[1] We present new olivine-hosted melt inclusion volatile (H20, C02, S, Cl, F) and major element data from five historic eruptions ofNyamuragira volcano (1912, 1938, 1948, 1986, 2006). Host-olivine Mg#'s range from 71 to 84, with the exception of the 1912 sample (Mg# = 90}.lnclusion compositions extend from alkali basalts to basanite-tephritcs. Our results indicate inclusion entrapment over depths ranging from 3 to 5 km, which agree with independent estimates of magma storage depths (3-7 km) based on geophysical methods. Melt compositions derived from the 1986 and 2006 Nyamuragira tephra samples best represent pre-eruptive volatile compositions because these samples contain …


Paleomagnetism And Investigation Of 40 Ma Lavas, Liverpool Range, New South Whales, Australia, Nathan M. Padilla Oct 2011

Paleomagnetism And Investigation Of 40 Ma Lavas, Liverpool Range, New South Whales, Australia, Nathan M. Padilla

Physics

The main focus of this project is the continued study of a reversal of the earth’s magnetic field recorded from lavas in the Liverpool Range of New South Whales, Australia. This reverse-to-normal transition, recently dated at ~40 Ma, was first reported in Nature in 1986. [2] In March 2011 some 200+ cores were drilled from several sections about the volcanic range—Jemmy’s Creek, Bald Hill, Rock Creek, Yarraman, and Coolah Tops Road. Here we focus on paleomagnetic findings from samples drilled from the most extensive section, that being along the trail near Jemmy’s Creek. Results from alternating field demagnetization show the …


Volatile Bubble Growth In The Aztec Wash Pluton, Brett Perry, Adam Simon, Rachael Johnsen Apr 2011

Volatile Bubble Growth In The Aztec Wash Pluton, Brett Perry, Adam Simon, Rachael Johnsen

Festival of Communities: UG Symposium (Posters)

Plutons are well preserved magma chambers that have been preserved in the rock record and allow the study of magmatic processes. Magma chambers are composed of silicate magmas, crystals, and volatiles. Volatiles are a key control in driving eruptive processes, which vent greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, thus a better understanding of the mechanisms of volatile transport within a pluton is necessary. Microscopy was used to analyze the size and density of cavities and feldspars from various stratigraphic sections of the pluton. Microscopy showed that cavities were a result of volatile partial pressure, as well as, a progressive increase in …


Melt Inclusions In Volcanic Rocks, Kirellos Sefein, Kelly L. Robertson, Adam Simon Apr 2011

Melt Inclusions In Volcanic Rocks, Kirellos Sefein, Kelly L. Robertson, Adam Simon

Festival of Communities: UG Symposium (Posters)

We studied melt inclusions from Mutnovsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia as part of a larger project designed to contrain the eruptive history of Mutnovsky. Transmitted and reflected light petrographic microscopy was used to characterize melt inclusions in grain mounts of mineral separates, standard 30 micron thin sections, and 200 micron thick sections of the samples from the Mutnovsky. The inclusions were further divided into three main categories: recrystallized, partially recrystallized, and glassy inclusions. After all the melt inclusions have been categorized, they will be analyzed by using LA-ICP-MS to determine their major, minor and trace element compositions.


Exploration Of The Anaximander Mud Volcanoes, Timothy M. Shank, Santiago Herrera, Walter Cho, Christopher N. Roman, Katherine L. Croff Bell Mar 2011

Exploration Of The Anaximander Mud Volcanoes, Timothy M. Shank, Santiago Herrera, Walter Cho, Christopher N. Roman, Katherine L. Croff Bell

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Exploration Of The Kolumbo Volcanic Rift Zone, Steven Carey, Katherine L. Croff Bell, Paraskevi Nomikou, Georges Vougioukalakis, Christopher N. Roman, Kathleen Cantner, Konstantina Bejelou, Maria Bourbouli, Julie Fero Martin Mar 2011

Exploration Of The Kolumbo Volcanic Rift Zone, Steven Carey, Katherine L. Croff Bell, Paraskevi Nomikou, Georges Vougioukalakis, Christopher N. Roman, Kathleen Cantner, Konstantina Bejelou, Maria Bourbouli, Julie Fero Martin

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Crustal Assimilation And Magma Recharge In The Recent Mt. Etna Magma Plumbing System: Evidence From In Situ Plagioclase Textural And Compositional Data, Brad Pitcher Jan 2011

Crustal Assimilation And Magma Recharge In The Recent Mt. Etna Magma Plumbing System: Evidence From In Situ Plagioclase Textural And Compositional Data, Brad Pitcher

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Mt. Etna is Europe's largest and most active volcano, and as a result of its proximity to populated areas, understanding the structure of its magma plumbing system and the nature of its magmatic processes is essential for better predicting eruptive hazards. The aim of this study is to document core to rim textural, chemical, and isotopic variations in plagioclase, in order to investigate the structure of the subvolcanic magma system and the processes by which magmas change composition. Nomarski Differential Interference Contrast (NDIC) imaging was used to characterize the complex textures of plagioclase crystals in six trachybasaltic samples from eruption …


Volcanism And Astrobiology: Life On Earth And Beyond, Charles S. Cockell, Sherry L. Cady, Nicola Mcloughlin Jan 2011

Volcanism And Astrobiology: Life On Earth And Beyond, Charles S. Cockell, Sherry L. Cady, Nicola Mcloughlin

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Editorial Introduction to the 2011 Special Issue of Astrobiology.