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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Tectonics and Structure
Characterization Of The Quaternary Active Twin Lakes Fault, Mount Hood, Oregon, Johnathan Peterson
Characterization Of The Quaternary Active Twin Lakes Fault, Mount Hood, Oregon, Johnathan Peterson
University Honors Theses
The High Cascades chain of volcanoes results from Cascade Arc volcanism and is responsible for the generation of the highest topography in the state of Oregon. Surrounding Mt. Hood at the crest of the Cascade chain in northern Oregon is the Mt. Hood Fault Zone, an extensional fault zone of generally north-south trending normal faults that down-drop this high volcanic topography. The Twin Lakes Fault is located just south of Mt. Hood and is one of the southernmost faults in the Mt. Hood Fault Zone, previously mapped as approximately 12-13 km in length. This study provides the first in-depth characterization …
Documenting The Earthquake History Of The Thousand Springs Fault In Summer Lake Basin, Oregon, Usa, Elizabeth Curtiss
Documenting The Earthquake History Of The Thousand Springs Fault In Summer Lake Basin, Oregon, Usa, Elizabeth Curtiss
All Master's Theses
Defining seismic hazards in low-strain-rate regions such as the northwestern Basin and Range can be difficult due to the infrequency of earthquakes. Revealing the earthquake records of low-strain-rate regions can refine our understanding of the variability of earthquake sizes and recurrence intervals, however, which can ultimately improve hazard analysis. Four active normal faults form the Summer Lake basin, in the northwestern Basin and Range: The Thousand Springs (TSF), Ana River (ARF), Slide Mountain, and Winter Ridge faults. Other than the TSF, the faults in the Summer Lake basin have documented histories that include surface-rupturing (>M6) earthquakes. Scarps along the …
Paleoseismology Of The Central Garlock Fault In Searles Valley, California, Kyle Pena
Paleoseismology Of The Central Garlock Fault In Searles Valley, California, Kyle Pena
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
In this study, a paleoseismic trench with limited age constraints that was previously excavated in 1990 across the central Garlock Fault near Christmas Canyon, in Searles Valley, California, was reopened to take advantage of new advances in luminescence dating techniques to investigate potential temporal variability in earthquake recurrence on the Garlock fault and to analyze previously unexposed older earthquake evidence. The trench exposed interbedded alluvial sand and pebble-gravels, with well-sorted, rounded, lacustrine sand from the most recent highstand of pluvial Lake Searles present at the base of the trench. Preliminary findings suggest at least 10 surface rupturing earthquake events occurred …
Ages Of Prehistoric Earthquakes On The Banning Strand Of The San Andreas Fault, Near North Palm Springs, California, Bryan Castillo
Ages Of Prehistoric Earthquakes On The Banning Strand Of The San Andreas Fault, Near North Palm Springs, California, Bryan Castillo
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
We studied a paleoseismic trench that was excavated across the Banning strand of the San Andreas Fault by Petra Geosciences (33.9172°, -116.538°). The trench exposed a ~40 m wide fault zone in interbedded alluvial sand gravel, silt and clay deposits. We present the first paleoseismic record for the Banning strand of the southern San Andreas Fault. The most recent event occurred sometime between 730 and 950 cal BP, potentially coincident with rupture of the San Gorgonio Pass thrust. We interpret that five earthquakes have occurred since 3.3-2.5 ka and eight earthquakes have likely occurred since 7.1-5.7 ka. It is possible …
Unusual Geologic Evidence Of Coeval Seismic Shaking And Tsunamis Shows Variability In Earthquake Size And Recurrence In The Area Of The Giant 1960 Chile Earthquake, M. Cisternas, E. Garrett, R. Wesson, T. Dura, Lisa L. Ely
Unusual Geologic Evidence Of Coeval Seismic Shaking And Tsunamis Shows Variability In Earthquake Size And Recurrence In The Area Of The Giant 1960 Chile Earthquake, M. Cisternas, E. Garrett, R. Wesson, T. Dura, Lisa L. Ely
All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences
An uncommon coastal sedimentary record combines evidence for seismic shaking and coincident tsunami inundation since AD 1000 in the region of the largest earthquake recorded instrumentally: the giant 1960 southern Chile earthquake (Mw 9.5). The record reveals significant variability in the size and recurrence of megathrust earthquakes and ensuing tsunamis along this part of the Nazca-South American plate boundary. A 500-m long coastal outcrop on Isla Chiloé, midway along the 1960 rupture, provides continuous exposure of soil horizons buried locally by debris-flow diamicts and extensively by tsunami sand sheets. The diamicts flattened plants that yield geologically precise ages to correlate …
Paleoearthquakes Of The Past ~6000 Years At The Dead Mouse Site, West-Central Denali Fault At The Nenana River, Alaska, Joseph K. Carlson
Paleoearthquakes Of The Past ~6000 Years At The Dead Mouse Site, West-Central Denali Fault At The Nenana River, Alaska, Joseph K. Carlson
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
The Denali fault (DF) in south-central Alaska is a major right lateral strike-slip fault that parallels the Alaska Range for much of its length. This fault represents the largest seismogenic source for interior Alaska but due to its remote location and difficulty of access, a dearth of paleoearthquake (PEQ) information exists for this important feature. The fault system is over 1200 km in length and identification of paleoseismic sites that preserve more that 2-3 PEQs has proven challenging. In 2012 and 2015, we developed the ‘Dead Mouse’ site, which provides the first long PEQ record west of the 2002 rupture …
Hazard Identification And Coastal Stratigraphy In Crescent Harbor, Northeast Whidbey Island, Washington, Brian Ostrom
Hazard Identification And Coastal Stratigraphy In Crescent Harbor, Northeast Whidbey Island, Washington, Brian Ostrom
All Master's Theses
Crescent Harbor marsh, on northeastern Whidbey Island, records evidence of co-seismic land-level change 1825 to 1925 cal. yrs. BP. The lithostratigraphy and diatom microfossil assemblages reveal a marsh peat abruptly overlain by intertidal mud, indicating rapid subsidence. Analysis of the modern-day position of depositional facies indicates subsidence from a high marsh to a tidal-flat environment representing an estimated 1.7 m elevation change. The timing of subsidence fits within the dates of a rupture found on the nearby Utsalady Point fault between 1,100 and 2,200 years BP (Johnson et al. 2004). Likely, the stratigraphy at Crescent Harbor records the same event …
Paleoseismic And Structural Characterization Of The Hines Creek Fault: Denali National Park And Preserve, Alaska, Sara E. Federschmidt
Paleoseismic And Structural Characterization Of The Hines Creek Fault: Denali National Park And Preserve, Alaska, Sara E. Federschmidt
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
The Hines Creek fault (HCF) is a Holocene-active fault in central Alaska. Its trace has been mapped several times, but data on the history of fault displacement is scarce. As a major crustal-scale geologic boundary with uncertain Quaternary tectonic activity, it is a priority for more to be known about the activity of this fault to better understand the hazards it presents to the Denali National Park and Preserve and Alaskan infrastructure. This study characterizes the late Quaternary activity of the HCF through surficial geologic mapping and paleoseismic investigations. Mapping revealed a very steep (~84°-88° apparent dip), north dipping fault …
Paleoseismic Study Of The Stewart Valley And Northern Pahrump Segments Of The Stateline Fault System, Nevada, Jonathan Carter
Paleoseismic Study Of The Stewart Valley And Northern Pahrump Segments Of The Stateline Fault System, Nevada, Jonathan Carter
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The Stateline fault system (SFS) is a ~200 km long zone of dextral faults running NW along the NV/CA border from Primm, Nevada to Amargosa Valley in the western Central Basin and Range province (CBR). Because of size and proximity, the SFS poses a hazard to the 2.5 million people, most of who live within 10 km, in Pahrump, Nevada and within 40 km, in Las Vegas, Nevada. The goals of this thesis are to (1) understand if the SFS is accommodating faulting slip change in the CBR; (2) test the along strike continuity of the SFS in Pahrump and …
Evidence For Prehistoric Coseismic Folding Along The Tsaotun Segment Of The Chelungpu Fault Near Nan-Tou, Taiwan, Ashley R. Streig, Charles M. Rubin, Wen-Shan Chen, Long-Shen Lee, Stephen C. Thompson, Chris Madden, Shih-Ting Lu
Evidence For Prehistoric Coseismic Folding Along The Tsaotun Segment Of The Chelungpu Fault Near Nan-Tou, Taiwan, Ashley R. Streig, Charles M. Rubin, Wen-Shan Chen, Long-Shen Lee, Stephen C. Thompson, Chris Madden, Shih-Ting Lu
All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences
Taiwan's 1999 Mw 7.6 earthquake generated over 85 km surface rupture along the Chelungpu thrust fault. Paleoseismic studies at the Shi‐Jia site near Nantou city, reveal folding as the predominant form of deformation. Stratigraphic relations across the 1999 fold scarp show the style and degree of deformation caused by the penultimate event is similar to observed 1999 deformation. A boring transect across the fold scarp provides additional evidence of an earlier earthquake. Investigations at the Shi‐Jia site revealed three prehistoric events; accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon ages indicate that the penultimate earthquake occurred between 1160 and 1440 A.D. Paleoseismic …
Serial Ruptures Of The San Andreas Fault, Carrizo Plain, California, Revealed By Three-Dimensional Excavations, Jing Liu-Zeng, Yann Klinger, Kerry Sieh, Charles Rubin, Gordon Seitz
Serial Ruptures Of The San Andreas Fault, Carrizo Plain, California, Revealed By Three-Dimensional Excavations, Jing Liu-Zeng, Yann Klinger, Kerry Sieh, Charles Rubin, Gordon Seitz
All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences
It is poorly known if fault slip repeats regularly through many earthquake cycles. Well‐documented measurements of successive slips rarely span more than three earthquake cycles. In this paper, we present evidence of six sequential offsets across the San Andreas fault at a site in the Carrizo Plain, using stream channels as piercing lines. We opened a latticework of trenches across the offset channels on both sides of the fault to expose their subsurface stratigraphy. We can correlate the channels across the fault on the basis of their elevations, shapes, stratigraphy, and ages. The three‐dimensional excavations allow us to locate accurately …
Paleoseismology Of The Black Hills Fault, Southern Nevada, And Implications For Regional Tectonics, Eric Fossett
Paleoseismology Of The Black Hills Fault, Southern Nevada, And Implications For Regional Tectonics, Eric Fossett
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The Black Hills fault (BHF) is a Holocene fault located in Eldorado Valley, approximately 7 km from Boulder City, southern Nevada. The importance of this study is to determine the seismic hazards the BHF poses to Boulder City and the greater Las Vegas metropolitan area and to determine the mechanisms driving the young deformation in the Lake Mead region. The BHF is a multistranded fault that had five surface rupturing paleoearthquake events in the past approximately 25 ka. Paleoseismic fault offsets indicate that the BHF is capable of generating a Mw = 6.4-6.9 earthquake. Slip rates calculated for the BHF …