Soil Science Commons^™

Climate Change Effects On Biomass And Greenhouse Gas Emissions Are Ameliorated By Nontoxic Endophytes In Southeastern Usa Transition Zone Tall Fescue Pastures, Rebecca Kay Mcgrail, Jonathan D. Moore, A. Elizabeth Carlisle, Jim A. Nelson, Rebecca L. Mcculley

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: The plant–microbe interaction between tall fescue and its endophyte Epichloë coenophiala can affect ecosystem responses to changing rainfall patterns and increasing temperatures. Endophyte-infected (E+) stands often exhibit improved stress tolerance and differing soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to endophyte-free (E−) stands. However, it is unknown if mammalian nontoxic endophyte (NTE) strains introduced into some tall fescue cultivars confer differing stress tolerances or reduce soil GHG emissions.

Methods: We quantified the impact of fescue-NTE symbioses in Jesup and Texoma on biomass and GHG emissions in response to increased temperature (+3°C) and altered precipitation (50% lengthened interval between events) using …

A Global Synthesis Of Fragipan Silicon Concentrations And Relationships With Soil Physicochemical Properties As A Function Of Soil Parent Materials, Christopher Shepard

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Fragipans are dense, brittle subsurface horizons that restrict root growth and limit water-holding capacity. A common factor in these soils is a binding agent, potentially either phyllosilicate clay bridging, amorphous aluminosilicate/silica, or silica sorbed to Fe oxides. Others have suggested that no binding agent is present within these soil horizons and that the arrangement of individual particles is solely responsible for these horizons. In this article, a secondary data synthesis was utilized to demonstrate that silicon (Si) accumulation is a key pedogenic process in loess-derived fragipan horizons, but not in all fragipans. The average dithionite-extractable Si (Si_d) content …

Depth And Soil Physical Context Govern Soil Organic Carbon, While Woody Cover Moderates Native Vegetation Relationships In California Rangelands, Dabid Zuniga Garcia

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is central to soil function and an important component of climate mitigation in rangeland ecosystems, but the controls on SOC across California’s working rangelands remain understudied. Using data from Point Blue Conservation Science’s Rangeland Monitoring Network, this study evaluated how soil properties, vegetation structure, and recent climate relate to SOC concentration at depths of 0–10 cm and 10–40 cm across 145 ranches spanning four California regions. Linear mixed-effects models showed that SOC was consistently higher in topsoil than subsoil and highest in coastal sites relative to interior valleys. Bulk density was the strongest negative predictor of …

Potassium For High Rainfall Pastures In Western Australia, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Natural resources factsheets

Potassium (K) deficiency can lead to a decline in clover content and severely limit pasture productivity in high rainfall pastures. Large amounts of potassium can be lost each year through leaching and removal of potassium in hay or silage.

This information is specific to high rainfall pastures receiving more than 600mm average annual rainfall in the south-west of Western Australia.

Tissue Sampling And Analysis For High Rainfall Pastures In Western Australia, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Natural resources factsheets

Tissue testing helps identify nutrient deficiencies that impact plant health. In high rainfall areas ( > 600 mm), pastures are highly productive and have greater demand for both macro- and micronutrients. Micronutrient status is best assessed through plant tissue, as soil levels are difficult to measure accurately.

The Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development recommends tissue testing to assess the effectiveness of fertiliser and soil testing programs, and diagnose emerging macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies that could cause production losses.

Sulfur For High Rainfall Pastures In Western Australia, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Natural resources factsheets

Sulfur deficiency can substantially reduce pasture yield on sandy soils, particularly in wet years where the sulfate form of sulfur leaches below the root zone of pasture plants, making it unavailable.

This information applies specifically to high rainfall pastures (over 600mm average annual rainfall) in the south-west of Western Australia.

The Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development recommends basing fertiliser decisions on good evidence (soil and tissue test results)

Soil Sampling High Rainfall Pastures In Western Australia, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Natural resources factsheets

Soil sampling and testing is an essential part of making good fertiliser decisions. Fertilisers are a large cost to farming pastures in high rainfall areas. This page is specific to sampling high rainfall pastures (more than 600mm average annual rainfall) in the south-west of Western Australia.

The Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development recommends soil sampling and testing as part of a plant nutrient management program.

Environmental Impact Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus Fertilisers In High Rainfall Pasture Areas Of Western Australia, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Natural resources factsheets

The most commonly used nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers in the high rainfall (>600mm annual average) south-west of Western Australia can be leached into the groundwater and washed into waterways, resulting in serious environmental and economic damage.

The Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development recommends regular soil testing and consultation with FertCare-accredited advisers to reduce leaching losses and increase profit from added nutrients.

The Effect Of Phosphate Fertilizer And Organic Matter On Phosphorus Status, Ph, And Cabbage Yield In Andisols, Mahfud Arifin, Emma Trinurani Sofyan, Anni Yuniarti, Rina Devnita, Sastrika Anindita

Jurnal Kultivasi

Andisols are characterized by high phosphorus (P) retention, which often limits P availability for crops. This study aimed to analyze the independent and interactive effects of P fertilizer and organic matter (i.e. manure and rice straw compost) on P retention, total P, available P, P uptake, soil pH, and cabbage yield. This research was conducted in pot experiments in plastic house, applying P fertilizer (0, 90, 180, 270 kg ha-1) and organic matter (20 kg ha-1 of chicken, sheep, cow manures and rice straw compost) on Andisols planted with cabbage. The experiment used a factorial randomized design. The results showed …

The Effects Of Nanobubble Fertigation And Soil Conditioners To Improve Nutrient Dynamics, Soil Microbial Activity, And Chili Productivity, Betty Natalie Fitriatin, Euis Ahah Rokayah, Elsa Naila Elmyra, Tualar Simarmata, Nicky Oktav Fauziah, Hanif Fakhrurroja

Jurnal Kultivasi

Drip fertigation is a fertilization method that integrates nutrient delivery with an irrigation system, which is capable of optimizing the direct delivery of nutrients to the root zone. This experiment aims to investigate the effect of drip fertigation with nanobubble technology, and soil conditioners on the population of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) and Azotobacter spp., available phosphorus, total nitrogen, growth, and yield of red chili. The study used a Strip Plot Design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was nutrient application (solid NPK fertilizing as control; drip fertigation; and drip fertigation with nanobubble technology), and the second factor …

Assessing Crop Rotation Productivity, Soil Health, And Fertility, And Economic Performance, To Enhance Semi-Arid High Plains Cropping Systems Sustainability, Ezequiel Maria Villamil

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

Sustainable crop production in the semi-arid High Plains of Nebraska faces challenges from limited precipitation, high interannual variability, and economic risk. This dissertation investigates the long-term productivity, water use, soil health, and economic sustainability of dryland crop rotations, with emphasis on the role of pulses as alternatives to fallow.

Chapter 1 analyzes nearly three decades (1995–2023) of on-farm data from the High Plains Agricultural Laboratory (Sidney, Nebraska) to compare seven crop rotations, including wheat, corn, millet, sunflower, and field peas. Results showed that wheat–corn–fallow (W–C–F) consistently outperformed traditional wheat–fallow (W–F) and more intensified four-year rotations, providing the highest grain yields, …

Evaluating Fall And Spring Planted Cover Crops For Integrated Management Of Herbicide Resistant Palmer Amaranth And Effect On Soil Health, Vipin Kumar

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

Herbicide-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) pose a severe threat to agronomic crop productivity in the United States, including corn and soybean production in Nebraska. Therefore, there is an urgent need for diversified and sustainable management approaches. Integrating cover crops (CCs) with herbicide programs represents a promising strategy to achieve Palmer amaranth suppression, sustain crop yields, and contribute to long-term soil health in irrigated corn–soybean production systems in Nebraska.

A meta-analysis of 41 studies and 595 paired observations demonstrated that CCs reduced Amaranthus spp. density and biomass by 37–59% depending on the growing season, with grasses and mixtures …

Genetic Engineering For Pastures, W J. Peacock

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The first genetically engineered food products from horticultural production systems are now entering the mnrke< and field trials of genetically engineered crop species are well advanced. We cnn expect that a range of crop cultivars, in which gene

Grassland For Sustainable Ecosystems, Malcolm Hadley

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grasslnnds present many advantages for examining issues related to sustainability. Grasslands include planted pastures as well as a variety of natural rangelands in situations ranging from semi-arid to subhumid. Diversity is also reflected in the spectrum of grassland users and uses, for example, nomadic pastoralism, extensive ranches, intensive pastures, wildlife tourism, game hunting. And in terms of sustainability of resource management, grasslands encompass a wide range of contrasting situations and conflicts in resource use. Heavy grazing pressure associated with increasing human populations in certain tropical savannas, the implications of rural depopulation to traditional pasture management in alpine regions, and the …

Grasslands For Our World, F Riveros

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The present-day role of grasslands and fodder is reviewed with respect agriculture, animal production and environmental concerns. The world's grazing lands are a finite resource and, overall, arc being badly managed; in most developing countries action is required now, before it is too late. They will continue to be a major source of animal feed for the foreseeable future; encroachment from cropping will continue locally but, for much of what is now natural pasture, exploitation by the grazing animal .will remain the major means of obtaining an economic return; the task of grassland professionals is to assist the managers of …

Human Impact On Terrestrial Ecosystems - What We Know And What We Are Doing About It, H A. Mooney

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

At present the impact of humankind on the Earth System is substantial and will become greater as we continue to add over 80 million people to the global population each year. Collectively the human species utilises over a third of the total fresh water that is available, as well as an equivalent amount of the total terrestrial productivity. Possil energy is being consumed at a prodigious rate and fuels, among other things, over a half a billion vehicles. To support the large human population the Earth has been greatly reconfigured with much of the land utilised for grazing and agriculture. …

Science And Information For Our Grasslands, G A. Nores, R R. Vera

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This paper favours a view of grasslands, and agricultural research in general, that extends well beyond the limits of the scientific community and promotes the active involvement of scientists in current societal debates from a scientific perspective. It is argued that in developed countries environmental concerns rather than production growth will tend to dominate future social debate. In developing countries there is a need to balance agricultural growth with responsible management of natural resources. Needs for new technology go beyond improving biophysical efficiency, and involve economic and social efficiency objectives. The relevance of grassland research is assessed in terms of …

Vegetation Dynamics In Grazed Systems: A Hierarchical Perspective, D D. Briske

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grassland vegetation consists of a series of hierarchical levels including the tiller, plant, population and community which collectively influence the productivity and stability of grazed systems. These hierarchical levels may respond uniformly to influence vegetation dynamics, but frequently additional complexity is encountered by the occurrence of opposing responses between or among hierarchical levels. Consequently, it is important to con­sider responses at several hierarchical levels to achieve an accurate interpretation of vegetation dynamics to graz­ing within the community. The significance of a hierarchical perspective to vegetation management is illustrated with examples from bunchgrass dominated rangelands at the level of the individual …

Forage Conservation And Physico-Chemical Conversion, E Zimmer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The factors on which the digestibility of organic matter (dMO) of forages depend are now well-known. In temperate forages, this digestibility depends mainly on the growth stage, the rank of the growth-cycle, and the botanical species. It is constantly decreasing with advancing age, especially during the first growth-cycle. In after­math growth-cycles, high temperatures accelerate the decrease of digestibility with age. Tropical forages follow the same laws, but tropical grasses are less digestible than cool-season grasses, especially at young stages and in warm weather. This is partly due to the fact that high temperatures increase cell-wall contents and lignification, and also …

The Feeding Value Of Forages, C Demarquilly

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The lower productivity of legume based swards and their instability of yield from year to year compared with nitrogen fertilised grass swards continues to be a major constraint on the integration of leguminous nitrogen fixing species into present-day farming systems. Most legume systems have a high biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) potential which is rarely attained in the· field due to limiting environmental or management factors. Enhancement of BNF through manipulation of the Rhizobium and plant components of the symbiosis must be viewed as a long-term objective. Optimisation of nitrogen fixation in the short-term may best be achieved through optimisation of …

Nitrogen Fixation, Cycling, And Utilization, P M. Murphy, M T. Sherwood

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The lower productivity of legume based swards and their instability of yield from year to year compared with nitrogen fertilised grass swards continues to be a major constraint on the integration of leguminous nitrogen fixing species into present-day farming systems. Most legume systems have a high biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) potential which is rarely attained in the· field due to limiting environmental or management factors. Enhancement of BNF through manipulation of the Rhizobium and plant components of the symbiosis must be viewed as a long-term objective. Optimisation of nitrogen fixation in the short-term may best be achieved through optimisation of …

La Prairie Dans Ses Usages Multiples: Conservation Des Sols, Protection De L'Environnement, Etc., M Skouri, J Poissonet

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Les terres :i paturage couvrent une partie importante de la planete et presentent une extreme diversite de situations en fonction des conditions ecologiques et des facteurs socio-economiques et culturels qui s'exercent sur ces espaces. Ces facteurs ont engendre des transformations du milieu nature] permettant d'intensifier, et :i ]'extreme, de contr61er la production vegetale de ces ecosystemes. Si le role premier de ces formations herbacees a ete d'alimenter Jes herbivores afin que l'homme en obtienne une production (viande, lait, peaux, etc.), Jes autres fonctions de ces espaces ont une importance que !'on ne peut se permettre de negliger, que ce soit …

Quickening Snow Melting In Early Spring With Black Powder In Snowy District, A Imai

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Experiments were conducted during 1977-1980 to quiken snow melting in early spring with three kinds of black powders at 450 m a.s.l.,Tsunan-machi, Niigata Prefecture. Snow melting materials involved blast furnace slag, di-amido lime and calcium silicate and their effects on snow melting were compared with each other at various application rates on snow surface in late March every year. Snow melting was earlier with 600 kg/ha di-amido lime resulting from lower albedo of 25 % and it could quicken the snow-off by 10-13 days as compared to the control plot. This early snow melting induced the higher soil temperature and …

Effect Of Fertilization In Autumn Or After Wintering On Dallisgrass Production In The Following Season, T Kobayashi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

To improve dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) pasture productivity, the effects of autumn or spring topdressing in a field experiment and autumn nitrogen (N) application levels in a pot experiment on the regrowth and carbohydrate accumulation until winter and on the early summer production were studied. Dallisgrass pasture was topdressed in either autumn (late September) or spring (early March) at 0.5 kg/a each of N, phosphate (P2O5), and potash (K20), after the final cutting in late September 1978. Plants in pots were topdressed at the rates of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kg N/a, just after cutting in early October …

Selenium Pellets Administration In Cows Grazing Continuously On Low Selenium Grassland In Japan, J Jachja, N Ishida, R Kawashima, K Otsuki, K Otsuki, M Kawano, F Hosoyamada

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effectof selenium (Se) supplementation in cows upon the growth of their newborn calves under the conditions of continuous grazing in a low Se pasture were studied. The selenium status of calves which were born from selenium treated cows were higher than that in calves from untreated control cows during the suckling period. Selenium supplementation to the dams showed no significant response upon the body measurement for their calves at birth or four months of age, but significant improvement in body weight and withers height at the weaning period. When cows grazed continuously in pastures containing a selenium content of …

Plant Introduction, Seed Production And Fodder Promotion In An Integrated Livestock And Pasture Development Programme In Kerala, India, A Shamsudeen, T V. Joseph, F Von Sury

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An integrated pasture development programme for the state of Kerala, in the 1500-3500 mm rainfall area of southern India, is described. Kerala's agriculture is characterized by small holdings and intensive multicrop farming systems with coconut and rice as main crops. Dairy cattle rearing is an important subsidiary for many farmers. A plant introduction programme selected Panicum maximum ( cvs. Makueni and Riversdale), Brachiaria ruziziensis and Centrosema pubescens for intercropping in coconut gardens. Desmodium intortum and D. uncinatum were introduced for the grasslands of the high ranges. B. ruziziensis, Melinis minutiflora, Setaria anceps ( cvs. Kazungula and N arok), Stylosanthes guianensis …

Development Of Legume-Based Pastures For Livestock Production In Yunnan, Peoples Republic Of China- Preliminary Studies With Trifolium Semiplosum Cv. Safari And Temperate Legume Cultivars, M J. Mathison, M/S T. Wang, Z Y. Yang, M H. Dunning, Y N. Al, Z Z. Ma, H X. Al, L W. Peng, H Yang, D C. Zhang, C G. Zhang, G R. Yang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Aiming to improve livestock production from extensive grassland areas in Yunnan Province south west China, forage cultivar evaluation experiments are in progress as part of the China-Australia Technical Co-operation Programme. Preliminary results are given from introduced temperate legumes sown in 1983 in replicated swards in cultivated and uncultivated grassland. South west monsoon climates sampled range from alpine-temperate to tropical. In alpine sites red clover and annual species e.g. vetches, persian and subterranean clovers were among top dry matter yielders in the first year on cultivated land, Annual clovers failed or were outyielded by white, red clovers and, in one locality, …

Development Of Legume- Based Pastures For Livestock Production In Yannan, Peoples Republic Of China - Preliminary Studies With Tropical Legume Cultivars, M J. Mathison, M.S T. Wang, Z Y. Yang, Y N. Ai, Z Z. Ma, H X. Al, L W. Peng, G R. Yang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

As part of the Australia -China technical cooperation programme investigations to raise livestock production with improved pastures began in 1983 in Yunnan province, south west China. Preliminary results with ungrazedintroduced tropical legume cultivars sown in cultivated and uncultivated grassland are given for 2000-2500m altitude subtropical sites and a 500m alt. tropical site. Only Jotononis, silverleaf and greenleaf desmodiums were productive in the second year at subtropical sites. At the tropical site annual lab lab produced most dry matter in the first year. Most perennial species grew well there in the second year. The best cul ti vars for cultivated land …

Fodder Development In The Dry Zone Of Sri Lanka - A Pasture Scheme For Small Farms, P Berger, L R. Abeykoon, L Winkler

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A pasture development scheme to improve fodder production by small farmers was introduces by the Sri Lanka - Swiss Livestock Development Project (SSLDP) in the easten dry zone of Sri Lanka. The procedure of the scheme is described. Emphasis was put on proper land selection, establishment procedures and management factors of pasture plots. To promote the scheme a subsidy is given to the farmers after inspections by the extension staff. The first experiences showed a better survival of the plots under a closer follow up. A marked decrease was observed during extreme climatical periods. It is proposed to intensify the …

Range Improvement In Tropical China: Gaopoling Model Cattle Farm, D L. Michalk, J F. Ayres, Fu Nanping, Zhu Chin-Min

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

New policies seek to increase beef output on China's rangeland by sowing legume-based pastures. "Model farms" provide a means of quickly transferring this technology to China. Gaopoling Model Cattle Farm was set up to improve beef production in dry tropical Hainan Island by introducing new legume species and better husbandry practices. With finance from Guangdong Province and technology from Australia, a program emphasising pasture research, performance recording of "improved" versus "traditional" cattle husbandry and commercial farm developmant was commenced in 1981. Though experimentation, recommendations for species combinations, fertilizer inputs and sowing methods were formulated for the major local soil types. …