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Articles 1 - 5 of 5
Full-Text Articles in Paleontology
Early Anthropoid Femora Reveal Divergent Adaptive Trajectories In Catarrhine Hind-Limb Evolution, Sergio Almecija, Melissa Tallman, Hesham M. Sallam, John G. Fleagle, Ashley S. Hammond, Erik R. Seiffert
Early Anthropoid Femora Reveal Divergent Adaptive Trajectories In Catarrhine Hind-Limb Evolution, Sergio Almecija, Melissa Tallman, Hesham M. Sallam, John G. Fleagle, Ashley S. Hammond, Erik R. Seiffert
Peer Reviewed Articles
The divergence of crown catarrhines—i.e., the split of cercopithecoids (Old World monkeys) from hominoids (apes and humans)—is a poorly understood phase in our shared evolutionary history with other primates. The two groups differ in the anatomy of the hip joint, a pattern that has been linked to their locomotor strategies: relatively restricted motion in cercopithecoids vs. more eclectic movements in hominoids. Here we take advantage of the first well-preserved proximal femur of the early Oligocene stem catarrhine Aegyptopithecus to investigate the evolution of this anatomical region using 3D morphometric and phylogenetically-informed evolutionary analyses. Our analyses reveal that cercopithecoids and hominoids …
Evaluating Causes Of Error In Landmark-Based Data Collection Using Scanners, Brian M. Shearer, Siobhan B. Cooke, Lauren B. Halenar, Samantha L. Reber, Jeannette E. Plummer, Eric Delson, Melissa Tallman
Evaluating Causes Of Error In Landmark-Based Data Collection Using Scanners, Brian M. Shearer, Siobhan B. Cooke, Lauren B. Halenar, Samantha L. Reber, Jeannette E. Plummer, Eric Delson, Melissa Tallman
Peer Reviewed Articles
In this study, we assess the precision, accuracy, and repeatability of craniodental landmarks (Types I, II, and III, plus curves of semilandmarks) on a single macaque cranium digitally reconstructed with three different surface scanners and a microCT scanner. Nine researchers with varying degrees of osteological and geometric morphometric knowledge landmarked ten iterations of each scan (40 total) to test the effects of scan quality, researcher experience, and landmark type on levels of intra- and interobserver error. Two researchers additionally landmarked ten specimens from seven different macaque species using the same landmark protocol to test the effects of the previously listed …
The First Hominin From The Early Pleistocene Paleocave Of Haasgat, South Africa, Ab Leece, Anthony D T Kegley, Rodrigo S. Lacruz, Andy I R Herries, Jason Hemingway, Lazarus Kgasi, Stephany Potze, Justin W. Adams
The First Hominin From The Early Pleistocene Paleocave Of Haasgat, South Africa, Ab Leece, Anthony D T Kegley, Rodrigo S. Lacruz, Andy I R Herries, Jason Hemingway, Lazarus Kgasi, Stephany Potze, Justin W. Adams
Peer Reviewed Articles
Haasgat is a primate-rich fossil locality in the northeastern part of the Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa UNESCO World Heritage Site. Here we report the first hominin identified from Haasgat, a partial maxillary molar (HGT 500), that was recovered from an ex situ calcified sediment block sampled from the locality. The in situ fossil bearing deposits of the Haasgat paleokarstic deposits are estimated to date to slightly older than 1.95 Ma based on magnetobiostratigraphy. This places the hominin specimen at a critical time period in South Africa that marks the last occurrence of Australopithecus around 1.98 Ma and the …
Palaeomagnetic And Synchrotron Analysis Of >1.95 Ma Fossil-Bearing Palaeokarst At Haasgat, South Africa, Andy I R Herries, Peter Kappen, Anthony D T Kegley, David Patterson, Daryl L. Howard, Martin D. De Jonge, Stephany Potze, Justin W. Adams
Palaeomagnetic And Synchrotron Analysis Of >1.95 Ma Fossil-Bearing Palaeokarst At Haasgat, South Africa, Andy I R Herries, Peter Kappen, Anthony D T Kegley, David Patterson, Daryl L. Howard, Martin D. De Jonge, Stephany Potze, Justin W. Adams
Peer Reviewed Articles
Palaeomagnetic analysis indicates that Haasgat, a fossil-bearing palaeocave in the Gauteng Province of South Africa, is dominated by reversed magnetic polarity in its oldest, deepest layers and normal polarity in the younger layers. The presence of in-situ Equus specimens suggests an age of less than ~2.3 Ma, while morphological analysis of faunal specimens from the ex-situ assemblage suggests an age greater than 1.8 Ma. Given this faunal age constraint, the older reversed polarity sections most likely date to the beginning of the Matuyama Chron (2.58–1.95 Ma), while the younger normal polarity deposits likely date to the very beginning of the …
The Femur Of Orrorin Tugenensis Exhibits Morphometric Affinities With Both Miocene Apes And Later Hominins, Sergio Almecija, Melissa Tallman, David M. Alba, Marta Pina, Salvador Moya-Sola, William L. Jungers
The Femur Of Orrorin Tugenensis Exhibits Morphometric Affinities With Both Miocene Apes And Later Hominins, Sergio Almecija, Melissa Tallman, David M. Alba, Marta Pina, Salvador Moya-Sola, William L. Jungers
Peer Reviewed Articles
Orrorin tugenensis (Kenya, ca. 6 Ma) is one of the earliest putative hominins. Its proximal femur, BAR 1002′00, was originally described as being very human-like, although later multivariate analyses showed an australopith pattern. However, some of its traits (for example, laterally protruding greater trochanter, medially oriented lesser trochanter and presence of third trochanter) are also present in earlier Miocene apes. Here, we use geometric morphometrics to reassess the morphological affinities of BAR 1002′00 within a large sample of anthropoids (including fossil apes and hominins) and reconstruct hominoid proximal femur evolution using squared-change parsimony. Our results indicate that both hominin …