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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Geophysics and Seismology
Microstructural Characteristics Of Deformed Quartz Under Non-Steady-State Conditions, Hamidreza Soleymani
Microstructural Characteristics Of Deformed Quartz Under Non-Steady-State Conditions, Hamidreza Soleymani
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Because of the long timescale of many geological processes (millions of years), it has been traditionally assumed that the existing forces acting on the rocks at deep crustal levels are in equilibrium (i.e., steady-state). An alternative assumption, however, suggests that rocks in the lower crust and upper mantle are continuously evolving and exchanging energy at various time scales. Under the latter assumption (i.e., non-steady-state), certain geologic systems may never attain equilibrium regardless of the length and the time scale of operating geologic events. These two “endpoint” assumptions suggest there is a wide range of geologically reasonable conditions under which rocks …
High-Resolution Record Reveals Climate-Driven Environmental And Sedimentary Changes In An Active Rift, Lisa C. Mcneill, Donna J. Shillington, Gareth D. O. Carter, Jeremy D. Everest, Robert L. Gawthorpe, Clint Miller, Marcie P. Phillips, Richard E. Ll. Collier, Aleksandra Cvetkoska, Gino De Gelder, Paula Diz, Mai-Linh Doan, Mary Ford, Maria Geraga, Jack Gillespie, Romain Hemelsdael, Emilio Herrero-Bervera, Mohammad Ismaiel, Liliane Janikian, Katerina Kouli, Erwan Le Ber, Shunli Li, Marco Maffione, Carol Mahoney, Malka L. Machlus, Georgios Michas, Casey W. Nixon, Sabire Asli Oflaz, Abah P. Omale, Kostas Panagiotopoulos, Sofia Pechlivanidou, Simone Sauer, Joana Seguin, Spyros Sergiou, Natalia V. Zakharova, Sophie Green
High-Resolution Record Reveals Climate-Driven Environmental And Sedimentary Changes In An Active Rift, Lisa C. Mcneill, Donna J. Shillington, Gareth D. O. Carter, Jeremy D. Everest, Robert L. Gawthorpe, Clint Miller, Marcie P. Phillips, Richard E. Ll. Collier, Aleksandra Cvetkoska, Gino De Gelder, Paula Diz, Mai-Linh Doan, Mary Ford, Maria Geraga, Jack Gillespie, Romain Hemelsdael, Emilio Herrero-Bervera, Mohammad Ismaiel, Liliane Janikian, Katerina Kouli, Erwan Le Ber, Shunli Li, Marco Maffione, Carol Mahoney, Malka L. Machlus, Georgios Michas, Casey W. Nixon, Sabire Asli Oflaz, Abah P. Omale, Kostas Panagiotopoulos, Sofia Pechlivanidou, Simone Sauer, Joana Seguin, Spyros Sergiou, Natalia V. Zakharova, Sophie Green
Publications and Research
Young rifts are shaped by combined tectonic and surface processes and climate, yet few records exist to evaluate the interplay of these processes over an extended period of early rift-basin development. Here, we present the longest and highest resolution record of sediment flux and paleoenvinronmental changes when a young rift connects to the global concerns. New results from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 381 in the Corinth Rift shows 10s-100s of kyr cyclic variations in basin paleoenvironment as eustatic sea level fluctuated with respect to sills bounding this semi-isolated basin, and reveal substantial corresponding changes in the volume and …
Snowmelt Detection On Alpine Glaciers Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Time Series, Corey Scher
Snowmelt Detection On Alpine Glaciers Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Time Series, Corey Scher
Dissertations and Theses
Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) glaciers serve as some of the most sensitive indicators of changes in global climate. These glaciers shape the hydrologic dynamics of river systems supplying freshwater to over 2 billion people throughout Asia and regulate the geochemistry of sensitive aquatic alpine ecosystems. As snowmelt onsets sooner, lasts longer, and snowfields retreat due to increases in global temperature, the hydrologic dynamics of catchments draining HKH threaten to change the availability of surface freshwater resources for nearly one fifth of the global population, disturb sensitive aquatic habitat, and precipitate hazards associated with glacier wasting. Informed planning and decision-making around …
Electrical Conductivity And Resistivity Study Of Heterogeneous Sediment In Inwood Hill Park, Manhattan, Ny, Rea A. Khaleda
Electrical Conductivity And Resistivity Study Of Heterogeneous Sediment In Inwood Hill Park, Manhattan, Ny, Rea A. Khaleda
Dissertations and Theses
The area near the inlet of Spuyten Duyvil Creek in Inwood Hill Park in New York City exhibits complex hydrological processes. The inlet is a tidal flat, which contains brackish water; a mixture of saltwater and freshwater. The area was modified by man, built on a shell bed and contains heterogeneous sediment. One field adjacent to the inlet contains several small sinkholes. Electrical resistivity and ground conductivity techniques were used in order to get an understanding of the hydrological processes of this field. It was hypothesized that the formation of the sinkholes is due to the tidal forcing of the …
Pressure, Temperature, And Stress Conditions Of Southern Alpine Fault (New Zealand) Mylonites, Jake T. Reitman
Pressure, Temperature, And Stress Conditions Of Southern Alpine Fault (New Zealand) Mylonites, Jake T. Reitman
Dissertations and Theses
The Alpine Fault, New Zealand, provides a unique window into the rheologic history of a seismically-active continental plate boundary. Due to lower exhumation rates along southern portions of the fault relative to the well-studied central Alpine Fault, deformation ages vary along strike by ~15 m.y.. Mylonites collected from two southern creeks near Haast, NZ, display a uniform recrystallized grain size of ~11 𝜇m in mylonitic quartz indicating differential stress values in the south of ~100 MPa, roughly twice the stress values observed in the central Alpine Fault. Constraints from Ti-in-quartz thermobarometry and Raman Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Material (RSCM) indicate mylonitization …
Evidence Of The 1762 Arakan And Prior Earthquakes In The Northern Sunda Subduction, Dhiman Ranjan Mondal
Evidence Of The 1762 Arakan And Prior Earthquakes In The Northern Sunda Subduction, Dhiman Ranjan Mondal
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
The objective of this dissertation is to understand the seismic hazard associated with Arakan segment of the northern Sunda subduction along SE Bangladesh. In order to do that, it is necessary to document geologic evidence for the 1762 Arakan earthquake and prior events, to help estimate the recurrence interval (repeat time) for that earthquake. Historical records described that the 1762 earthquake caused extensive damage along the Arakan segment of the Sunda subduction system. But the geologic evidence for the earthquake farther north is necessary to better understand its associated seismic hazard to the densely populated nation of Bangladesh. This dissertation …
Supercycle In Great Earthquake Recurrence Along The Japan Trench Over The Last 4000 Years, Kazuko Usami, Ken Ikehara, Toshiya Kanamatsu, Cecilia M. Mchugh
Supercycle In Great Earthquake Recurrence Along The Japan Trench Over The Last 4000 Years, Kazuko Usami, Ken Ikehara, Toshiya Kanamatsu, Cecilia M. Mchugh
Publications and Research
On the landward slope of the Japan Trench, the mid-slope terrace (MST) is located at a depth of 4000–6000 m. Two piston cores from the MST were analyzed to assess the applicability of the MST for turbidite paleoseismology and to find out reliable recurrence record of the great earthquakes along the Japan Trench. The cores have preserved records of ~ 12 seismo-turbidites (event deposits) during the last 4000 years. In the upper parts of the two cores, only the following earthquakes (magnitude M ~ 8 and larger) were clearly recorded: the 2011 Tohoku, the 1896 Sanriku, the 1454 Kyotoku, and …
The Sedimentary Imprint Of Pleistocene Glacio-Eustasy: Implications For Global Correlations Of Seismic Sequences, Cecilia M. Mchugh, Craig S. Fulthorpe, Koichi Hoyanagi, Peter Blum, Gregory S. Mountain, Kenneth G. Miller
The Sedimentary Imprint Of Pleistocene Glacio-Eustasy: Implications For Global Correlations Of Seismic Sequences, Cecilia M. Mchugh, Craig S. Fulthorpe, Koichi Hoyanagi, Peter Blum, Gregory S. Mountain, Kenneth G. Miller
Publications and Research
We evaluate lithofacies, chronology, and seismic sequences from the Canterbury Basin, New Zealand passive continental slope (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program [IODP] Expedition 317 Site U1352 and environs) and compare this with slope sequences from the New Jersey passive margin. Our goal is to understand continental slope sedimentation in response to glacio-eustasy and test the concepts of sequence stratigraphy. High-resolution geochemical elemental and lithostratigraphic analyses were calibrated to a chronology constructed from benthic foramininferal oxygen isotopes for the past ~1.8 m.y. We identify lithofacies successions by their unique geochemical and lithologic signature and correlate them with marine isotope stages (MIS) at …
Recirculation Over Complex Terrain, Eric Kutter, Chuixiang Yi, George Hendrey, Heping Liu, Timothy Eaton, Wenge Ni-Meister
Recirculation Over Complex Terrain, Eric Kutter, Chuixiang Yi, George Hendrey, Heping Liu, Timothy Eaton, Wenge Ni-Meister
Publications and Research
This study generated eddy covariance data to investigate atmospheric dynamics leeward of a small, forested hillside in upstate New York. The causes and effects of recirculation eddies were examined to support the larger goal of improving measurement of the exchange of energy, moisture, and trace gases between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere over complex terrain. Sensors operated at five different altitudes on two separate towers—one at the top of the hill and one down the slope to the east—for approximately 8 weeks in the spring of 2013. During the experiment, the vertical potential temperature gradient was found to be …
3d Structural And Stratigraphic Architecture Of The Northwest Santa Barbara Basin And Implications For Submarine Landslide Generation, Alexis Wright
3d Structural And Stratigraphic Architecture Of The Northwest Santa Barbara Basin And Implications For Submarine Landslide Generation, Alexis Wright
Dissertations and Theses
Multiple submarine landslides have been previously documented on the north flank of the Santa Barbara Channel, and such failures are considered to be capable of generating local tsunamis hazards to the Santa Barbara region. 2D seismic-reflection datasets provide a general view of regional framework geology, including faulting and folding associated with north-south compression. However, better understanding of the relationships between faults, folds, stratigraphic architecture, and submarine landslides can be obtained with 3D seismic datasets. In this study we use an industry 3D seismic-reflection volume that encompasses the slope and shelfbreak surrounding the Gaviota submarine landslide (3.8 km2) to investigate structural …
Examination Of Geophysical Signatures Of Ethanol-Water Mixtures In A Homogeneous Sand Column Using Ground Penetrating Radar And Time-Domain Reflectometry, Angelo Lampousis, Neil Terry, Lee Slater
Examination Of Geophysical Signatures Of Ethanol-Water Mixtures In A Homogeneous Sand Column Using Ground Penetrating Radar And Time-Domain Reflectometry, Angelo Lampousis, Neil Terry, Lee Slater
Publications and Research
In recent years there has been an increase in the frequency of incidents involving ethanol-blended gasoline affecting the groundwater. Near-surface geophysical methods hold promise for site characterization at ethanol contaminated sites. We attempted to record the broadband dielectric properties of ethanol at various concentrations as it was circulating through a closed tank containing either sand or a sand-clay mixture. Two high frequency GPR antennas were positioned symmetrically on either side of the sample holder to obtain transmission measurements. In the first part of the experiment we used a sample consisting of sand. In the second part of the experiment we …
Brownfield Action: Dissemination Of A Sencer Model Curriculum And The Creation Of A Collaborative Stem Education Network, Peter Bower, Ryan Kelsey, Joseph Liddicoat, Doug M. Thompson, Angelo Lampousis, Bret Bennington, Bess Greenbaum Seewald, Arthur D. Kney, Saugata Datta, Lawrence D. Lemke, Briane Sorice Miccio, Tamara Graham
Brownfield Action: Dissemination Of A Sencer Model Curriculum And The Creation Of A Collaborative Stem Education Network, Peter Bower, Ryan Kelsey, Joseph Liddicoat, Doug M. Thompson, Angelo Lampousis, Bret Bennington, Bess Greenbaum Seewald, Arthur D. Kney, Saugata Datta, Lawrence D. Lemke, Briane Sorice Miccio, Tamara Graham
Publications and Research
Brownfield Action (BA) is a web-based environmental site assessment (ESA) simulation in which students form geotechnical consulting companies and work together to solve problems in environmental forensics. Developed at Barnard College with the Columbia Center for New Media Teaching and Learning, BA has been disseminated to ten colleges, universities, and high schools, resulting in a collaborative network of educators. The experiences of current users are presented describing how they have incorporated the BA curriculum into their courses, as well as how BA affected teaching and learning. The experiences demonstrate that BA can be used in whole or in part, is …
Modeling And Measuring The Nocturnal Drainage Flow In A High-Elevation, Subalpine Forest With Complex Terrain, Chuixiang Yi, Russell K. Monson, Zhiqiang Zhai, Dean E. Anderson, Brian Lamb, Gene Allwine, Andrew A. Turnipseed, Sean P. Burns
Modeling And Measuring The Nocturnal Drainage Flow In A High-Elevation, Subalpine Forest With Complex Terrain, Chuixiang Yi, Russell K. Monson, Zhiqiang Zhai, Dean E. Anderson, Brian Lamb, Gene Allwine, Andrew A. Turnipseed, Sean P. Burns
Publications and Research
The nocturnal drainage flow of air causes significant uncertainty in ecosystem CO2, H2O, and energy budgets determined with the eddy covariance measurement approach. In this study, we examined the magnitude, nature, and dynamics of the nocturnal drainage flow in a subalpine forest ecosystem with complex terrain. We used an experimental approach involving four towers, each with vertical profiling of wind speed to measure the magnitude of drainage flows and dynamics in their occurrence. We developed an analytical drainage flow model, constrained with measurements of canopy structure and SF6 diffusion, to help us interpret the tower …
Predicción De Terremotos: ¿Cuándo?, Aldemaro Romero Jr.
Predicción De Terremotos: ¿Cuándo?, Aldemaro Romero Jr.
Publications and Research
No abstract provided.