Earth Sciences Commons^™

Estimation Of Offsets In Gps Time-Series And Application To The Detection Of Earthquake Deformation In The Far-Field, Jean-Philippe Montillet, S. D. P. Williams, A. Koulali, S. C. Mcclusky

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Extracting geophysical signals from Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinate time-series is a well-established practice that has led to great insights into how the Earth deforms. Often small discontinuities are found in such time-series and are traceable to either broad-scale deformation (i.e. earthquakes) or discontinuities due to equipment changes and/or failures. Estimating these offsets accurately enables the identification of coseismic deformation estimates in the former case, and the removal of unwanted signals in the latter case which then allows tectonic rates to be estimated more accurately. We develop a method to estimate accurately discontinuities in time series of GPS positions at …

Exploring Radioisotopic Geochronology And Astrochronology, Stephen R. Meyers, Bradley S. Singer, Mark D. Schmitz

Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Numerical dating of the geologic record provides an essential framework for interpreting the rich history of our planet. Common applications include the determination of dates for extinction events and climate reorganizations, the assessment of rates of paleoenvironmental and paleobiologic change, and the correlation of rocks across vast expanses. Such investigations have yielded crucial insight into the mechanisms that shape Earth's surface environments over geologic time. But as geologists increasingly pursue high (spatial) resolution stratigraphic analyses in "deep time," the short temporal scales (<100,000 years) of the processes investigated push the limits of high-­precision geochronology.

A Fast Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Simulator For Cloudy Atmospheres, Chao Liu, Ping Yang, Shaima L. Nasiri, Steven Platnick, Kerry G. Meyer, Chenxi Wang, Shouguo Ding

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

A fast instrument simulator is developed to simulate the observations made in cloudy atmospheres by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The correlated k distribution technique is used to compute the transmissivities associated with absorbing atmospheric gases. The bulk scattering properties of ice clouds are based on the ice model used for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Collection 6 ice cloud products, and those of water clouds are computed with the Lorenz-Mie theory. Two fast radiative transfer models based on precomputed ice cloud look-up tables are used for the VIIRS solar and infrared channels. The accuracy and efficiency of …

Petrophysical Analysis And Rock-Physics Based Prediction Of Sonic Velocities In Carbonates, Yeliz Egemen

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

This study performs a petrophysical analysis and rock-physics modeling of the Traverse Formation, using eleven different wells. In the first part of this study, well logs, crossplots, and mineral identification were used to determine the rock components, lithology, and to predict the sonic velocities of carbonate rocks using conventional methods for two of those wells.

In the second part of this study, rock-physics modeling methods were used to predict the sonic velocities using the Kuster-Toksöz equations. Sonic velocities are very difficult to predict in carbonate rock because of their complex pore systems. To overcome this difficulty, multiple aspect ratios for …

The Routine Disaster: A Case Study In El Salvador, Tyler M. Barton

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

A 2010 report by the UN Disaster Assessment and Coordination ranked El Salvador as the most vulnerable country in the world to natural disasters, with roughly 95% of the population at risk. The combination of recurring natural disasters and high vulnerability in a relatively small country has led to repeated exposure of local residents to significant natural phenomena of all sorts, including earthquakes, flooding, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and hurricanes.

The effect of disaster assistance can be multi-faceted and this report examines the case of flooding hazards of a small town in the south-eastern San Miguel region of the country, called …

Origin And Quantification Of Diffuse Co2 And H2s Emission At Crater Hills, Yellowstone National Park, Peipei Lin

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

At Crater Hills, a thermally-altered area adjoining the Sour Creek resurgent dome that is located within the Yellowstone Caldera, we characterized volatile emissions based upon our soil degassing measurements and soil gas chemistry in 2014 and fumarole gas chemistry in 2007 (Bergfeld et al., 2011). The investigation at Crater Hills on its diffuse gases isotopes and CO2, H2S emission improve our understanding on its gas emission mode – including total emission and spatial distribution, and contribute to a more accurate estimation of total CO2 emission at Yellowstone volcanic system. The total emission of CO2 interpolated by sequential Gaussian simulation method …

A Laurentian Margin Back-Arc: The Ordovician Wedowee-Emuckfaw-Dahlonega Basin, Clinton Barineau

Faculty Bibliography

Independent researchers working in the Talladega belt, Ashland-WedoweeEmuckfaw belt, and Opelika Complex of Alabama, as well as the Dahlonega gold belt and western Inner Piedmont of Alabama, Georgia, and the Carolinas, have mapped stratigraphic sequences unique to each region. Although historically considered distinct terranes of disparate origin, a synthesis of data suggests that each includes lithologic units that formed in an Ordovician back-arc basin (Wedowee-EmuckfawDahlonega basin—WEDB). Rocks in these terranes include varying proportions of metamorphosed mafi c and bimodal volcanic rock suites interlayered with deep-water metasedimentary rock sequences. Metavolcanic rocks yield ages that are Early– Middle Ordovician (480–460 Ma) and …

Making Better Fertiliser Decisions For Cropping Systems In Western Australia. Soil Test – Crop Response Relationships And Critical Soil Test Values And Ranges, Geoff Anderson, Ross Brennan, Richard Bell, Wen Chen

Bulletins 4000 -

The better fertiliser decisions for cropping project (BFDC) (2009-2012) was completed to provide comprehensive information to improve fertiliser decisions for the cropping industry in Australia (Speirs et al. 2013a). The WA component provides interpretation of results from crop nutrient application experiments for the WA cropping system, and developed a tool for estimating nutrient losses from cropping systems soils.

The BFDC-WA project aims to use the 4R principles by producing a series of bulletins on nutrient management for the cropping system of WA.

Nephrotoxic Contaminants In Drinking Water And Urine, And Chronic Kidney Disease In Rural Sri Lanka, Tewodros Rango, Marc Jeuland, Herath Manthrithilake, Peter G. Mccornick

Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Faculty Publications

Chronic kidney disease of unknown (“u”) cause (CKDu) is a growing public health concern in Sri Lanka. Prior research has hypothesized a link with drinking water quality, but rigorous studies are lacking. This study assesses the relationship between nephrotoxic elements (namely arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and uranium (U)) in drinking water, and urine samples collected from individuals with and/or without CKDu in endemic areas, and from individuals without CKDu in nonendemic areas. All water samples—from a variety of source types (i.e., shallow and deep wells, springs, piped, and surface water)—contained extremely low concentrations of nephrotoxic elements, and all …

Demonstration Of A Daily High-Resolution (375-M) Alexi Evapotranspiration Product For The Nena Region, Christopher Hain, Martha C. Anderson, Mitch Schull, Christopher M.U. Neale

Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Faculty Publications

While the current constellation of geostationary sensors provides near-global coverage (60N to 60S) – it requires merging data from 7 satellites [resolving time differences; view angles; atmospheric correction]. Polar orbiting sensors such as MODIS and VIIRS provide daily global coverage of LST at higher resolutions than GEO sensors but at only two times per day.

Assessment Of Village Chicken Production Systems In Kambata Tambaro And Wolaita Zones, Snnpr, Ethiopia, Aman Getiso, Fitsum Tessema, Mesfin Mekonnen, Addisu Jimma, Bereket Zeleke

Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Faculty Publications

The study was conducted in four woredas (Damot Gale,Of a, Angacha and Hadero Tunto) the first two of them found in Wolaita zone and two of them in Kambata Tambaro Zone of SNNPR, Ethiopia respectively. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the study areas to assess village chicken production systems, productive and reproductive performance of village chicken and identifying constraints to village chicken production. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 240 farming households and administer a pre-tested and structured questionnaire. The results showed that the mean age of interviewed farmers was 37.8±9.3 years; average family size & chicken …

Yield Gap Analysis Of Field Crops: Methods And Case Studies, V. O. Sadras, Kenneth Cassman, Patricio Grassini, W. G.M. Bastiaanssen, A. G. Laborte, A. E. Milne, G. Sileshi, P. Steduto

Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute: Faculty Publications

The challenges of global agriculture have been analysed exhaustively and the need has been established for sustainable improvement in agricultural production aimed at food security in a context of increasing pressure on natural resources. Whereas the importance of R&D investment in agriculture is increasingly recognised, better allocation of limited funding is essential to improve food production. In this context, the common and often large gap between actual and attainable yield is a critical target. Realistic solutions are required to close yield gaps in both small and large scale cropping systems worldwide; to make progress in this direction, we need (1) …

Geochemistry Of Travertine Deposits In The Eastern Anatolia District: An Example Of The Karakoçan-Yoğunağaç (Elazığ) And Mazgirt-Dedebağ (Tunceli) Travertines, Turkey, Leyla Kalender, Özlem Özteki̇n Okan, Murat İnceöz, Bahatti̇n Çeti̇ndağ, Vesi̇le Yildirim

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Karakoçan-Yoğunağaç (Elazığ) and Mazgirt-Dedebağ (Tunceli) travertines, which are related to thermal springs, are situated on the right-lateral strike-slip Karakoçan Fault Zone (KFZ) and left-lateral strike-slip Pamuklu Fault Zone (PFZ) in eastern Anatolia. The surface area of the travertines varies from m2 to km2. Morphologically, the travertines are classified as ridge, banded, and terrace types due to deposition in different ways, in the releasing/restraining bends of the KFZ and PFZ and on the segments of faults. The banded travertines were dated by U-series, and an age of 160,000 ± 76 years was determined in only one sample from the Mazgirt-Dedebağ …

Late Holocene Palaeoenvironmental Evolution Of The Northern Harbour At The Elaiussa Sebaste Archaeological Site (South-Eastern Turkey): Evidence From Core Ela6, Romana Melis, Maria Pia Bernasconi, Ester Colizza, Federico Di Rita, Eugenia Equini Schneider, Emanuele Forte, Maria Eugenia Montenegro, Nevio Pugliese, Marco Ricci

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Case Of The Carbonatite-Like Dyke Of The Madenska River Complex At The Kriva Lakavica Section In The Republic Of Macedonia: Oxygen And Carbon Isotopic Constraints, Matej Dolenec, Todor Serafimovski, Nina Daneu, Tadej Dolenec, Nastja Rogan Smuc, Petra Vrhovnik, Sonja Lojen

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of carbonate samples from the carbonatite-like dyke of the Madenska River complex at the Kriva Lakavica section, samples of calcite skarns from the Damjan Fe-ore deposit and the Sasa Pb-Zn ore deposit, and samples of marbles from the Pohorje Mountains were analyzed to provide critical evidence in favor of the magmatic or sedimentary origin of this carbonatite-like dyke. We suggest that the carbonatite-like dyke is not a "normal" carbonatite, but instead represents melted carbonates, which can be associated with an unexposed, deep-seated, causative magmatic body. This dyke has a fluidal texture and carries xenoliths …

Estimating Depth To The Bottom Of Magnetic Sources At Wikki Warm Spring Region, Northeastern Nigeria, Using Fractal Distribution Of Sources Approach, Ema Michael Abraham, Ene Grace Obande, Mbazor Chukwu, Chibuzo Gabriel Chukwu, Mkpuma Rock Onwe

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

No abstract provided.

Geodynamic Evolution Of The Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Zagros Orogen, Iran, Javad Mehdipour Ghazi, Mohssen Moazzen

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

No abstract provided.

Provenance, Diagenesis, Tectonic Setting, And Geochemistry Of Hawkesbury Sandstone (Middle Triassic), Southern Sydney Basin, Australia, Samir Mahmoud Zaid, Fahad Al Gahtani

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Hawkesbury Sandstone is an important groundwater reservoir in the southern part of the Sydney Basin, Australia. However, its diagenesis and provenance and its impact in reservoir quality are virtually unknown. The present study aims to reconstruct the parent rock assemblages of the Hawkesbury Sandstone, their tectonic provenance, and the physiographic conditions under which these sediments were deposited. Samples from the EAW 18a and EDEN 115 field representing the Middle Triassic Hawkesbury Sandstone were studied using a combination of petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical techniques. The Hawkesbury Sandstone is yellowish brown in color, siliceous, and partly calcareous; it originated as sands …

Evidence Of An Active Glacier In The Munzur Mountains, Eastern Turkey, Ci̇han Bayrakdar, Zeynel Çilğin, Mehmet Fati̇h Döker, Ergi̇n Canpolat

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Munzur Mountains were subjected to extensive and repeated glaciations during the Pleistocene. The presence of an active glacier in the region was not verified until this study. Here, we used remote sensing methods to identify and locate the glaciers and verified the activity of the largest glacier in the field. We named this glacier the Şahintaşı Glacier and studied it using 3D ArcGIS spatial analyses overlaid on high-resolution Geographical Information Systems (GIS) satellite images. The most current version of LANDSAT 8 (acquired on 14.08.2013) supplied the remote sensing information. We used principal component analysis on the data. The precise …

Determining The Main Strand Of The Eskişehir Strike-Slip Fault Zone Using Subsidiary Structures And Seismicity: A Hypothesis Tested By Seismic Reflection Studies, Gürol Seyi̇toğlu, Gali̇p Berkan Ecevi̇toğlu, Bülent Kaypak, Yücel Güney, Muammer Tün, Korhan Esat, Uğur Avdan, Abi̇di̇n Temel, Alper Çabuk, Sevgi̇ Telsi̇z, Güzi̇n Gülsev Uyar Aldaş

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Eskişehir Fault Zone is one of the major neotectonic structures of Turkey, extending from İnegöl (Bursa) to Cihanbeyli (Konya). The fault zone presents a considerable seismic risk for the city of Eskişehir but the exact locations of active segments and the source of the major seismic event, the 1956 earthquake (M = 6.5) that occurred in the instrumental period (from 1900 to 2013), have been debated in recent literature. The structural data obtained from field studies indicate an approximately N60W-trending main strand of the right lateral strike-slip Eskişehir Fault Zone. This trend corresponds to the en echelon bends on …

Calcareous Nannofossils Of The Paleocene Eocene Transition In Four Sections From Egypt, Mahmoud Faris, Sherif Farouk

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

A detailed analysis of calcareous nannofossil assemblages was carried out across the Paleocene-Eocene transition in four outcrops in Egypt (the Gebel Matulla, Markha, El-Quss Abu Said, and Gebel Duwi sections) that span the Discoaster multiradiatus (NP9) to Discoaster binodosus (NP11) zones. The Paleocene-Eocene (P/E) boundary is placed in the lower part of the Esna Shale Formation based on the LOs of the Calcareous Nannofossil Excursion Taxa (CNET or RD) that define the base of NP9b. The studied sections are considered complete and document the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The occurrences of long-armed and asymmetrical discoasters (e.g., D. araneus, D. anartios) …

The Digital Atlas Of Ancient Life: Delivering Information On Paleontology And Biogeography, Jonathan R. Hendricks, Alycia L. Stigall, Bruce S. Lieberman

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Cockatoo Sands In The Victoria Highway And Carlton Hill Areas, East Kimberley: Baseline Surface Water Quality, Don Bennett, Luke Donovan, Duncan Palmer

Resource management technical reports

Cockatoo Sands are recognised as potentially suitable for irrigated agriculture because they are generally well drained and not subject to waterlogging and inundation. These characteristics allow them to be cultivated and prepared for planting of various crops during the wet and dry seasons of northern Australia.

Cars And Karst: Investigating The National Corvette Museum Sinkhole, Jason S. Polk, Leslie North, Ric Federico, Brian Ham, Dan Nedvidek, Kegan Mcclanahan, Pat Kambesis, Michael Marasa

Earth, Environmental, and Atmospheric Sciences Faculty Publications

On February 12th, 2014, a sinkhole occurred at the National Corvette Museum in Bowling Green, Kentucky. The collapse happened inside part of the building known as the Skydome and eight Corvettes on display were lost into the void that opened in the concrete floor. In this region of Kentucky, known as the Pennyroyal sinkhole plain, subsidence and cover collapse sinkholes are commonly found throughout the landscape. This iconic karst region in the United States is also home to Mammoth Cave, the longest cave in the world, and thousands of other caves and karst features. Investigation of the sinkhole collapse began …

The Effects Of Clay On Glycerol/Carboxylic Acid Polymerization: Implications Of Mineral Controls In Prebiotic Chemistry, Joseph T. Romero

Geology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

Proto-enzymatic catalysis on early Earth is an important consideration in prebiotic chemistry research as it leads to the understanding of the emergence of the metabolic reaction networks. Contemporary enzymes are comprised of either organic or inorganic factors scaffolded by globular protein structure whereas we consider hyperbranched polyesters as a possible extant scaffold that is easier assembled than the peptide one. The goals of this project are to consider prebiotically plausible starting materials for such structure formation utilizing a subset of conditions for polymer synthesis involving the presence of mineral surfaces as well as temperature and hydration differential. As likely candidates …

Long Island Horseshoe Crab Network Annual Inventory Report, Cercom, Molloy University, John Tanacredi Ph.D., Sixto E. Portilla

CERCOM Reports

Considerable concern regarding the abundance of the North American Horseshoe Crab (HSC), Limulus polyphemus, along the coasts of New Jersey and Delaware prompted past moratoriums on collecting HSC for bait in New Jersey. The parallel population decline in migratory shorebirds such as Red Knots, Calidris canutus, Ruddy Turnstones, Arenaria interpres, and others that seasonally feed on the copious quantities of HSC eggs laid along this shoreline resulted in reduced HSC collection permits to numbers considered sustainable. In New York State’s Marine District, which is mostly comprised of the Long Island coastline, there is no reliable or routine inventory network existing …

Great South Bay, Long Island, New York Summer Water Quality Monitoring Program, Cercom, Molloy University, John Tanacredi Ph.D., Sixto E. Portilla

CERCOM Reports

The Center for Environmental Research and Coastal Oceans Monitoring (CERCOM) visits 15 locations in Great South Bay to monitor for dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, salinity, clarity, total and fecal coliforms and temperature. This monitoring program has been conducted for the past 13 years. These parameters are critical in determining long-term water quality conditions in Long Island estuaries. Methodologies for monitoring parameters are provided by the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 20th Edition (1998). Criteria for determining water quality conditions in marine eco-systems are based on the type of contact (uses) people have with the water system. …

Restricted Random Labeling: Testing For Between-Group Interaction After Controlling For Joint Population And Within-Group Spatial Structure, Barry J. Kronenfeld, Timothy F. Leslie

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

Statistical measures of spatial interaction between multiple types of entities are commonly assessed against a null model of either toroidal shift (TS), which controls for spatial structure of individual subpopulations, or random labeling (RL), which controls for spatial structure of the joint population. Neither null model controls for both types of spatial structure simultaneously, although this may sometimes be desirable when more than two subpopulations are present. To address this, we propose a flexible framework for specifying null models that we refer to as restricted random labeling (rRL). Under rRL, a specified subset of individuals is restricted and other individuals …

Earth Science 101 Introduction To Weather Fall 2015, Julie Angel

Earth Science Courses

No abstract provided.

Earth Science 101 Introduction To Weather Fall 2015, Bob Cataneo

Earth Science Courses

No abstract provided.