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International Journal of Speleology

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Articles 541 - 570 of 890

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Laboratory Studies Of Predatory Behaviour In Two Subspecies Of The Carabid Cave Beetle: Neaphaenops Tellkampfi, David M. Griffith Jan 1990

Laboratory Studies Of Predatory Behaviour In Two Subspecies Of The Carabid Cave Beetle: Neaphaenops Tellkampfi, David M. Griffith

International Journal of Speleology

Comparative studies on the foraging behaviour of Neaphaenops tellkampfi tellkampfi and N. t. meridionalis demonstrated adaptation to different environments. The southern subspecies N. t. meridionalis, which is found in wet muddy caves where cave cricket eggs are unlikely prey, did not locate buried cricket eggs and dug fewer and less accurate holes in the lab than the nominate subspecies. N. t. tellkampfi, which reaches high densities in sandy deep cave environments where cricket eggs are the only viable prey, gained significantly greater weight than meridionalis when presented buried cricket eggs as prey. There was no difference with respect …

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Two New Niphargus Species (Amphipoda) From Caves In Yugoslavia, Gordan Karaman, Boris Sket Jan 1990

Two New Niphargus Species (Amphipoda) From Caves In Yugoslavia, Gordan Karaman, Boris Sket

International Journal of Speleology

Niphargus numerus sp. n. from the Čavlinska pećina near Obrovac (Dalmatia) and N. factor sp. n. from Vjetrenica (Hercegovina) are described. Both new species from Yugoslav caves belong to the N. transitivus aggregate of species.

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Troglobius Coprophagus, A New Genus And Species Of Cave Collembola From Madagascar, With Notes On Its Ecology, José G. Palacios-Vargas, Jane Wilson Jan 1990

Troglobius Coprophagus, A New Genus And Species Of Cave Collembola From Madagascar, With Notes On Its Ecology, José G. Palacios-Vargas, Jane Wilson

International Journal of Speleology

Troglobius coprophagus n. g., n. sp. a cave Collembola from Madagascar is characterized by an elongate and serrate mucro, a non spines dens. Description and illustrations of the new genus and species are given. Some ecological data of this highly cave adapted species is also included.

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Rakov Škocjan Karst Valley, Peter Habič, Rado Gospodarič Jan 1989

Rakov Škocjan Karst Valley, Peter Habič, Rado Gospodarič

International Journal of Speleology

Geological, geomorphological and speleological description of the Rak Valley with several caves and natural bridges.

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Trieste Karst: Geological And Stratigraphical Notes, Franco Cucchi, Nevio Pugliese, Furio Ulcigrai Jan 1989

Trieste Karst: Geological And Stratigraphical Notes, Franco Cucchi, Nevio Pugliese, Furio Ulcigrai

International Journal of Speleology

Detailed geological and stratigraphical description of the Karst of Trieste.

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Caratteristiche Mineralogiche Delle Grotte Del Carso Triestino, Graziano Cancian, Francesco Princivalle Jan 1989

Caratteristiche Mineralogiche Delle Grotte Del Carso Triestino, Graziano Cancian, Francesco Princivalle

International Journal of Speleology

Mineralogical description of terra rossa, alluvial sediments, guano deposits, oxides, carbonates and gypsum found in caves of the Trieste Karst.

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I Campi Solcati Di Borgo Grotta Gigante Nel Carso Triestino, Franco Cucchi, Nadia Radovich, Ugo Sauro Jan 1989

I Campi Solcati Di Borgo Grotta Gigante Nel Carso Triestino, Franco Cucchi, Nadia Radovich, Ugo Sauro

International Journal of Speleology

Detailed description of the karren fields close to Borgo Grotta Gigante near Trieste, with very detailed maps, pictures and tables.

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Škocjanske Jame Speleological Revue, Peter Habič, Martin Knez, Janja Kogovŝek, Andrej Kranjc, Andrej Mihevc, Tadej Slabe, Stanka Šebela, Nadja Zupan Jan 1989

Škocjanske Jame Speleological Revue, Peter Habič, Martin Knez, Janja Kogovŝek, Andrej Kranjc, Andrej Mihevc, Tadej Slabe, Stanka Šebela, Nadja Zupan

International Journal of Speleology

Historical overview of the investigations and of the touristic display of the Skocjanske Jame cave with geological, geomorphological, sedimentological and speleogenetical outlines.

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Lineamenti Geomorfologici Della Costa E Dei Fondali Del Golfo Di Trieste E Considerazioni Sulla Loro Evoluzione Tardo-Quaternaria, Ruggero Marocco Jan 1989

Lineamenti Geomorfologici Della Costa E Dei Fondali Del Golfo Di Trieste E Considerazioni Sulla Loro Evoluzione Tardo-Quaternaria, Ruggero Marocco

International Journal of Speleology

Description of geomorphology of the coasts and the seafloor of the Gulf of Trieste, with paleogeographical discussion on its Late Quaternary evolution.

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La Storia Della Speleologia Triestina In Relazione Al Problema Timavo, Fabio Forti Jan 1989

La Storia Della Speleologia Triestina In Relazione Al Problema Timavo, Fabio Forti

International Journal of Speleology

Historical overview of Speleological researches carried out to understand the Timavo problem near Trieste.

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Caratteri Generali Delle Morfologie Nelle Alpi E Prealpi Giulie E Nel Carso Triestino, Franco Vaia Jan 1989

Caratteri Generali Delle Morfologie Nelle Alpi E Prealpi Giulie E Nel Carso Triestino, Franco Vaia

International Journal of Speleology

The morphology of the Julian Alps and Prealps and of the Triestian Karst are here shortly described; the structures, which defined its origin and development, are also considered. We can notice some cliffs which follow one another from the State boundary to the Adriatic sea; they are made up by lithologic successions, which repeat themselves according to the latitude. Anyway we recognize a general outcropping of rock masses which are decreasing little by little southward as regards the altitude, the age and than the erodibility. There are some differences between the western (Carnian) and the eastern (Julian) bend of the …

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Pseudosinella Revisited (Collembola, Entomobryinae), Kenneth Christiansen Jan 1988

Pseudosinella Revisited (Collembola, Entomobryinae), Kenneth Christiansen

International Journal of Speleology

Eight controversies are active in the study of macroevolution. These are: 1) the meaning of the term macroevolution, 2) the role of chance, 3) the role of stasis and gradualism, 4) whether significant change is Iimited to speciation events, 5) the environmental conditions where macroevolutionary change occurs, 6) whether Neodarwinian mechanisms are adequate to explain change, 7) the existence and nature of hierarchical evolutìonary processes, and 8) Darwin’s views about all this. After a brief examination of each of these issues we used the extensive data available for 9 species of European and Nearctic cave Pseudosinella to examine the third, …

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Paleoenvironment And Speciation In The Cave Beetle Complex Speonomus Delarouzeei (Coleoptera, Bathysciinae), Christian Juberthie Jan 1988

Paleoenvironment And Speciation In The Cave Beetle Complex Speonomus Delarouzeei (Coleoptera, Bathysciinae), Christian Juberthie

International Journal of Speleology

In the eastern part of the Pyrenees (France) the author describes a scenario of speciation in the cave species complex Speonomus delarouzeei (Coleoptera Bathysciinae); the speciation processes have been initiated by a breakdown of the ecological equilibrium induced during three glacial-interglacial episodes. The scenario is the following: — during the first glaciation (2.3-2.1 MY), psychrophilic populations ancestral to S. brucki were selected over the highest elevation of the range, by means of cold effect which produced an adaptive demographic advantage; adaptive characters of troglobitic species (K strategy) take place presumably in relation to colonization of caves and M.S.S.; — during …

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Mating Behaviour And Barriers To Hybridization In The Cave Beetle Of The Speonomus Delarouzeei Complex (Coleoptera, Catopidae, Bathysciinae), Lysiane Juberthie-Jupeau Jan 1988

Mating Behaviour And Barriers To Hybridization In The Cave Beetle Of The Speonomus Delarouzeei Complex (Coleoptera, Catopidae, Bathysciinae), Lysiane Juberthie-Jupeau

International Journal of Speleology

The complex Speonomus delarouzeei combines 6 species which were previously synonymized. Using behavioural data, based on 12 populations, the author assesses the validity of 4 species and points out the occurrence of 2 species as yet undescribed. Constant and important differences during the mating appear between these different species. They concern the number of behavioural steps, the duration, the number of clappings of antennae, the abdominal male movements and the rubbing of female abdomen. The results of crossing experiments between different species indicate a prezygotic reproductive isolation with atypical matings and no sperm deposit. Between the populations of S. delarouzeei …

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Evolutionary Genetics And Morphometrics Of A Cave Crayfish Population From Chiapas (Mexico), Valerio Sbordoni, Giuliana Allegrucci, Fabiola Baldari, Donatella Cesaroni Jan 1988

Evolutionary Genetics And Morphometrics Of A Cave Crayfish Population From Chiapas (Mexico), Valerio Sbordoni, Giuliana Allegrucci, Fabiola Baldari, Donatella Cesaroni

International Journal of Speleology

The recently explored Cueva de Los Camarones, in the remote village of Constitucion, Chiapas, Mexico, houses a unique highly variable population of Procambarus crayfish (Crustacea, Decapoda). Morphologically, a more or less clinal variation is revealed at several features such as the degree of rudimentation in both pigmentation and eye, and the elongation of body and appendages. Extremes are quite different, ranging from typical dark, thick, eyed individuals to light, elongated, microphtalmic phenotypes. Evolutionary relationships among individuals were investigated electrophoretically (25 structural gene loci) and morphometrically (12 characters) by means of multivariate analyses. Results from analysis of individual allozymic multilocus profiles …

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The Evolution Of Non-Relictual Tropical Troglobites, Francis G. Howarth Jan 1987

The Evolution Of Non-Relictual Tropical Troglobites, Francis G. Howarth

International Journal of Speleology

The discovery of terrestrial troglobites living in caves on young oceanic islands with close epigean relatives living in nearby surface habitats offers unique opportunities to develop and test hypotheses concerning their evolution. Studies comparing the physiological ecology of troglobites with their epigean relatives suggest that troglobites are highly specialized to exploit resources within the system of interconnected medium-sized voids (mesocaverns) and only colonize cave passages (macrocaverns) with a stable, water vapor-saturated atmosphere. Few other animals can live in the mesocaverns. Rather than being relicts isolated in caves by the extinction of their epigean ancestral population, troglobites appear to evolve by …

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Stratigraphic Sections In The Ste. Genevieve Formation (Middle Mississippian) Exposed In Garrison Chapel Karst Area Caverns - Western Monroe County, Indiana Usa, Garre A. Conner Jan 1987

Stratigraphic Sections In The Ste. Genevieve Formation (Middle Mississippian) Exposed In Garrison Chapel Karst Area Caverns - Western Monroe County, Indiana Usa, Garre A. Conner

International Journal of Speleology

The Ste. Genevieve Formation and related strata in the Blue River Group comprise more than 75 meters of Middle Mississippian carbonate deposition across the Indiana portion of the Eastern Interior Basin in Valmeyeran seaways. Forty kilometres of subterranean caverns occur in this carbonate rock sequence in the Garrison Chapel karst area where blind valleys are a striking topographical feature. The bedrock floor of a karst valley is locally accordant with a continuous horizon of lithographic limestone named Indian Creek Beds and illustrated on five cavern stratigraphic reference profiles.

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Food-Finding Ability In Cave Fish (Astyanax Fasciatus), Kathrin Hüppop Jan 1987

Food-Finding Ability In Cave Fish (Astyanax Fasciatus), Kathrin Hüppop

International Journal of Speleology

When competing under cave similar conditions, such as darkness and food scarcity, cave fish find much more food than their epigean relatives. The cave fish not only react much faster to food but also their food-finding ability is four times higher compared to that of the epigean fish. Several morphological and ethological alterations in the cave fish, described by other authors, seem to be responsible for this adaptation to the cave conditions.

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Paleoenvironmental Data For N. W. Georgia, U.S.A., From Fossils In Cave Speleothems, George A. Brook, Eugene P. Keferl, Rudy J. Nickmann Jan 1987

Paleoenvironmental Data For N. W. Georgia, U.S.A., From Fossils In Cave Speleothems, George A. Brook, Eugene P. Keferl, Rudy J. Nickmann

International Journal of Speleology

Pollen grains and gastropod shells in two speleothems from Red Spider Cave, Georgia indicate that ca. 10,000 yr B.P. the vegetation near the cave was Mixed Mesophytic Forest. Conditions were cooler and moister than today and a shallow pond existed in the doline above the cave. As these findings support palynologic evidence from nearby pond sites it is clear that cave speleothems are a potential source of paleoecological data to ca. 350,000 yr. B.P.

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Diatom, Contributors Of Coralloid Speleothems, From Togawa-Sakaidani-Do Cave In Miyazaki Prefecture, Central Kyushu, Japan, Naruhiko Kashima, Teruo Irie, Nobuhiro Kinoshita Jan 1987

Diatom, Contributors Of Coralloid Speleothems, From Togawa-Sakaidani-Do Cave In Miyazaki Prefecture, Central Kyushu, Japan, Naruhiko Kashima, Teruo Irie, Nobuhiro Kinoshita

International Journal of Speleology

Coralloid speleothems are commonly distributed in Togawa-Sakaidani-do Cave in Miyazaki Prefecture, Central Kyushu, but their speleological study has not heretofore been achieved. Light and scanning microscopes analyses revealed that coralloid speleothems consist of alternating layers of diatom colonies, detrital minerals and clay. Electron microprobe analysis shows coralloid speleothems to be silicious. This paper asserts that diatom (genus Melosira) is one of the important contributors to siliceous coralloid speleothems in the threshold zone at non-calcareous caves.

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The Role Of Gradualism And Punctuation In Cave Adaptation, David C. Culver Jan 1987

The Role Of Gradualism And Punctuation In Cave Adaptation, David C. Culver

International Journal of Speleology

The theory of punctuated equilibrium, offers a potential explanation for the profound morphological changes that accompany isolation in caves. I consider three aspects of punctuation theory: the association of morphological change with speciation; periods of stasis; and the number of genes controlling a trait. If the evolution of cave organisms is associated with speciation, then speciose groups and cave species derived from other cave-limited species should show increased adaptation. Analysis of Kane and Barr’s data on the subspecies of Neaphaenops tellkampfi and Holsinger’s data on crangonyctid amphipods fails to provide any support for the hypothesis. If the evolution is characterized …

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Genetic Analysis Of Evolutionary Processes, Horst Wilkens Jan 1987

Genetic Analysis Of Evolutionary Processes, Horst Wilkens

International Journal of Speleology

Epigean and cave populations of A. fasciatus (Characidae, Pisces) differ in a series of morphological physiological, and ethological features. The interfertility of these populations made possible a genetic analysis of organs characteristic of interspecific divergence. The study of the regressive organs “eye” and “melanophore system” on the one hand and that of the constructively improved “gustatory equipment" and "feeding behaviour” on the other yielded identical principles of genetic manifestation: (1) All features have a polygenic basis with an at least di- to hexahybrid inheritance. (2) All polygenes have the same amount of expressivity. (3) After recombination of a minimum number …

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Les Mésaventures Des Sources De L'Estavelle Et De L'Inversac En Languedoc Méditerranéen, Bernard Gèze Jan 1987

Les Mésaventures Des Sources De L'Estavelle Et De L'Inversac En Languedoc Méditerranéen, Bernard Gèze

International Journal of Speleology

The Estavelle and the Inversac are two celebrated springs in the Mediterranean Languedoc (South of France). Unfortunately, the first one has been chosen as a type for the karstic cavities alternatively absorbing or discharging the waters, according to the season, which has never been the case. On the opposite, the second one can be taken as model for this alternation as swallow hole or emergence.

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Relationships Between The Internal And External Evolution Of The Monte Cucco Karst Complex, Umbria, Central Italy, Fausto Guzzetti Jan 1987

Relationships Between The Internal And External Evolution Of The Monte Cucco Karst Complex, Umbria, Central Italy, Fausto Guzzetti

International Journal of Speleology

The relationships between the internal and external evolution of the Mt. Cucco karst complex are studied. A classic set of equations, involving the oxidation of hydrogen sulphide, originated at depth in an evaporitic formation, is used to explain the presence of massive gypsum deposits in the Mt. Cucco and the Faggeto Tondo caves. The distribution and the morphology of more than 30 caves in the system, the presence of gypsum, always located along faults, and the presence of broken stalactites and columns, suggest that the evolution of the karst system has been controlled by tectonic movements. Relationships between the development …

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Carbonate Surface Solution In The Classical Karst, Franco Cucchi, Fabio Forti, Furio Finocchiaro Jan 1987

Carbonate Surface Solution In The Classical Karst, Franco Cucchi, Fabio Forti, Furio Finocchiaro

International Journal of Speleology

The current research on the dissolution of carbonate rocks in the Karst of Trieste indicates that the average degradation of surfaces exposed to atmospheric agents is 0.028 mm/year with an average rainfall of 1350 mm. The maximum levels (0.031 mm/year) correspond to micro-crystalline limestones, the minimum values (0.014 mm/year) to dolomites.

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The Speleogenetic Role Of Air Flow Caused By Convection. 1st Contribution, Arrigo A. Cigna, Paolo Forti Jan 1986

The Speleogenetic Role Of Air Flow Caused By Convection. 1st Contribution, Arrigo A. Cigna, Paolo Forti

International Journal of Speleology

In the past some authors described the speleogenetic role of convection in phreatic conditions. Similar effects exist also in the air-filled part of vadose passages of caves as a consequence of an air circulation due to a relevant temperature gradient; the effects can be enhanced by the presence of some acids as, e.g., H2S, H2SO4, etc. In this paper the conditions matching convection and condensation which produce typical forms, very similar to those found under phreatic conditions, are discussed both for limestone and gypsum caves.

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Origination Of Stone Forests In China, Lin Hua Song Jan 1986

Origination Of Stone Forests In China, Lin Hua Song

International Journal of Speleology

The stone forests are widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical climatic areas. The stone forests may be divided into hilltop stone forest, hill slope stone forest and the stone forest in the depressions or valleys. The conditions for stone forest development should be (1) thick and pure limestone, (2) gentle dipping of limestone formation, generally less than 15°, (3) a lot of vertical joint and fissure networks, (4) the soil covering on the limestone surface inhomogeneous, thick in the fissures and thin on the rock top surface, and (5) the soil should be wet and contain rich organic materials …

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Use Of Cave-Maps For Tectonic Surveys, Franz Jaskolla, Peter Volk Jan 1986

Use Of Cave-Maps For Tectonic Surveys, Franz Jaskolla, Peter Volk

International Journal of Speleology

Results of the author’s investigations show the useful application of cave-map-data for tectonic assessment. Considering speleological features, cave genesis, and structural differences, it is possible to select of the cave map’s pattern various jointing and stress systems. By 7 selected cave maps, representing areas of different tectonic history (W-Germany, Austria and Switzerland) it will be demonstrated that three types of kinematic joint-systems can be identified (fundamental, orthogonal- fold- and shear-system). Therefore, tectonic models are expected to become more valuable. It must be stated that future tectonic investigations in karst-areas should include the additional use of cave maps.

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Kurzbericht Der Ersten Deutschen Speläologischen Himalaya-Expedition, Herbert Daniel Gebauer Jan 1986

Kurzbericht Der Ersten Deutschen Speläologischen Himalaya-Expedition, Herbert Daniel Gebauer

International Journal of Speleology

The first German speleological expedition to the Himalaya went to the terrace sediments of Pokhara, Nepal. New discoveries could be made in the longest cave of the Himalaya (Patalae Chhango or Harpan-River-Cave) and other caves were surveyed for the first time. Due to the observations the classification of conglomerate-caves as pseudokarst-appearances has to be questioned.

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Evidence For Karstic Mechanisms Involved In The Evolution Of Moroccan Hamadas, Vittorio Castellani, Walter Dragoni Jan 1986

Evidence For Karstic Mechanisms Involved In The Evolution Of Moroccan Hamadas, Vittorio Castellani, Walter Dragoni

International Journal of Speleology

Underground tubular karst features, observed in an arid envinronment of southern Morocco, are described. On the basis of various evidences, it is suggested that such features were originated mainly by condensation water. A computation of the time necessary for their formation supports this hypothesis.

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