Earth Sciences Commons^™

Nitrite Reactions In Soil, John Otto Reuss

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Losses of soil nitrogen that cannot be attributed to leaching or crop removal have been observed in many field experiments. Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for these losses.

Differentiation Between The Ph Effect And The Bicarbonate Ion Effect In Causing Lime-Induced Chlorosis, Hyrum Del Var Petersen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Lime-induced chlorosis has been recognized for many years as a problem where plants are grown on calcareous soils. There are many factors associated with and influencing this form of iron chlorosis and because of this it has been very difficult to determine the relationship between the factors and chlorosis.

Salt Effect On Water Requirements Of Plants, Abdel-Wahhab M. H. Sallam

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Water requirement was defined by Briggs and Shantz in 1911 as the ratio of the weight of water absorbed by a plant during its growth to the weight of dry matter produced. Ballard (1933) and Williams (1935) defined water requirement as the ratio of the amount of water transpired to the amount of dry matter produced. Ballard (1933) and Williams (1935) defined water requirement as the ratio of the amount of water transpired to the amount of dry matter formed during the whole or any part of the life cycle of the plant. Miller (1938) and Kramer (1959) postulated that …

A Field Study Of Miscible Displacement In Saturated Soils, Lloyd Dowley Mcfadden Sadler

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Extensive research has been carried out in both field and laboratory to explain water and solute movement under both saturated and unsaturated conditions. The importance of such work is obvious, since any attempt at exploring land reclamation by leaching or nutrient movement in plant feeding (to name only two) is subject to interpretations and theories of moisture flow.

Water flow through soil during reclamation by leaching can be termed miscible displacement since soil water and leaching water do not have a distinct fluid-fluid interface and will physically mix. It is probable that miscible displacement investigations can contribute to an understanding …

The Mineral Resources Of The Sevier River Drainage, Central Utah, David T. Sanders

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A survey of the mineral resources, the economic rock products, and the ground-water reserves of that part of central Utah drained by the Sevier River system was undertaken by the author in the fall of 1960 as a continuation of a research project directed toward the stimulation of economic growth in the state of Utah. The project was initiated in 1959 by Dr. Donald R. Olsen and Dr. J. Stewart Williams, who conducted a similar survey of a five county area in southwestern Utah (Olsen and Williams, 1960).

Through a review of existing literature, preliminary field examination of most of …

Geology Of The Summer Ranch And North Promontory Mountains, Utah, O. Clair Adams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Summer Ranch and North Promontory Mountains have not been studied in detail geologically, although the surrounding mountains have been extensively investigated. Within the limits of this area, sedimentary rocks of Mississippian through Permian crop out. Sedimentary and volcanic rocks of Tertiary age are also exposed. Extensive Lake Bonneville deposits underlie the valleys and overlap the foothills.

Relations Between Transpiration, Leaf Temperatures, And Some Environmental Factors, Ronald Kay Tew

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Transpiration is the loss of water in vapor form from a plant. This is essentially the same process as evaporation except that it is modified by plant structure. Large quantities of water are removed from the soil, transferred through the conducting tissues of the plant, and dissipated into the air each day. As soon as the water is lost to the atmosphere, it becomes unavailable for human use.

Upper Cretaceous Stratigraphy Of The Central Part Of Utah, Fredric R. Van De Graaff

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Rocks of Late Cretaceous age in the central part of Utah are dominantly elastic. In general, the sediments in the west are of conglomerate and sandstone of continental origin; the sediments in the east are of sandstone and shale of marine origin, These rocks were deposited at or near the western shore of a sea which extended from the Arctic to the Gulf of Mexico. The strand line lay in a general northern direction through Utah with land to the west and marine water to the east.

The Effect Of Chelates On Phosphorus Availability And Mobility, Salah Ahmed Tahoun

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Soil-phosphorus relations and plant-phosphorus relations have attracted the interest of many investigators since Liebig introduced his famous theory about the importance of the mineral matters to the plant in 1840. It was soon realized that phosphorus nutrition was a problem not easily solved for two reasons. 1. The added phosphorus fertilizers, soon after soil application are converted by some reactions in the soil to complex compounds far less soluble, consequently less available to the plant. Conclusions about this process led to controversial debates until it was discovered that a general statement covering all soils was impossible since the reactions involved …

The Influence Of Advective Energy On Evapotranspiration, Mahmoud Abdel Aziz

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Evaporation and transpiration from the soil and plant, respectively, have received increasing attention from those who work with water supply, irrigation, and drainage.

On The Enthalpy And Entropy Of Soil Water, Robert A. Kohl

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Just twenty years have passed since the first papers were published on the application of chemical thermodynamics to the soil-water system (11, 14). Since then, soil physicists have used thermodynamics in an attempt to characterize and learn more about this intricate system.

The Effects Of Certain Environmental And Biological Factors On Rally Calling In The Chukar Partridge, H. Warrington Williams

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Naturalists for many years have known that birds sing most at dawn and at dusk, but to which of many physical variables they are responding has not been completely determined. This problem has taken on importance in the field of wildlife management because calling rate has been used as an index of abundance for numerous game birds, namely the Pheasant, Phasianus colchicus (Kimball, 1949); the Mourning Dove, Zenaidura macroura (McClure, 1939); the Bobwhite Quail, Colinus virginianus (Bennitt, 1951; Rosene, 1957): and the Woodcock, Philohela minor (Pitelka, 1943).

Geology Of The Sharp Mountain Area, Southern Part Of The Bear River Range, Utah, Preston L. Hafen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Sharp Mountain area is situated in the southern part of the Bear River Range in Utah. The geology of the Bear River Range to the north of this area, in Utah and Idaho, has been mapped; however, prior to this study little was known about the Sharp Mountain area. The purpose of this investigation are as follows: (1) to map and describe the geology of the area, and (2) to relate the stratigraphic and structural features of the Sharp Mountain area to those of the surrounding region.

Geology Of The Weston Canyon Area, Bannock Range, Idaho, Clair N. Murdock

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Weston Canyon area comprises the southern part of the Bannock Range and northwestern part of the Malad Range in southern Idaho. Geologic investigations of adjacent areas date from 1871. These investigations have led to detailed geologic reports that cover much of the Wasatch Range, Bear River Range, Malad Range, Portneuf Range, and Cache Valley. The geology of the southern part of the Bannock Range, however, has not been studied in detail, and it is the purpose of this investigation to map and describe the geology of the Weston Canyon area and to correlate it with previously described geology of …

The Effect Of Moisture And Temperature On Transformation Of Applied Ammonium Sulfate In Several Western Soils, Lloyd Richard Hossner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The conversion of ammonia nitrogen to nitrite and nitrate forms of nitrogen has aroused much attention in the past and continues to receive much of the energy of the present day researcher.

The Influence Of Soil Compaction Upon The Thermodynamics Of Soil Moisture, James E. Box Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The retention of water in soils is a very interesting subject. Soil-water research presents a great challenge to research workers. The challenge is broad in scope and extends from the field problems of large irrigation projects to the atomic scale of the solid-liquid interface.

If scientists are going to describe scientifically soil-water relations, they must ultimately utilize the instruments of science and the language of mathematics. To the end of the latter the mathematics of thermodynamics has been applied in these studies of water retention in soils.

Phosphorus Status Of Genola Soils In Utah, Warren E. Bendixen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

With increasing pressure on economical production of crops, more fertilizers are being applied to the soil each year to increase crop yields. Economical production of crops with applications of fertilizer requires an evaluation of the essential elements of the various crops so applications of fertilizer will not exceed the law of diminishing returns.

Because varying soil, moisture, and climatic conditions influence the response to added fertilizers, some workers (18, 26, 38) have contended that the only reliable way of determining the fertilization needs of a crop is to conduct a trial on the particular farm. The length of time involved …

The Mineral Content Of Various Sections Of Some Plants As Influenced By Conditions Associated With Lime-Induced Chlorosis, Hyrum Del Var Petersen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The so-called "lime-induced" chlorosis has been recognized for many years as a problem where plants are grown on calcareous soils. The characteristics associated with lime-induced chlorosis are the same as those associated with iron deficiency chlorosis--interveinal yellowing of the leaves at the meristemic region combined with reduced vigor of the plant as a whole. Lime-induced chlorosis is unique in that the iron content of both chlorotic plant and the soil do not always show a deficiency in iron when chemically analyzed. This leads to the theory that iron is inactivated in both the soil and plant.

Although no single factor …

Effect Of Anions On The Sodium Adsorption Capacity And Electrophoretic Mobility Of Sodium Saturated Utah Bentonite, Theron G. Sommerfeldt

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Sodium saturated Utah bentonite was equilibrated in several concentrations of various sodium salt solutions. The effect of anions on the amount of sodium adsorbed was determined. The effect of anions on the electrophoretic mobility of the clay was also studied. The results are reported herein.

Anions, are generally considered, in the field of surface chemistry, to have no influence on the amount of cations adsorbed or the electrophoretic mobility of negatively charged colloids (5, 10, 28, 41). There is evidence (2, 7, 24, 26, 27, 33) to indicate that anions sometimes have an appreciable effect. If anions influence the amount …

The Effect Of Temperature And Moisture On Nitrification Of Applied Ammoniacal Fertilizer In A Noncalcareous Soil, Merwin Allen Stevens

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The importance of nitrogen in world agriculture has been known for many years. But in the past few decades the enormity of the problem of nitrogen economy has been recognized. Along with the recognition of this problem there has developed a great increase in the use of nitrogen fertilizers. Coupled with the increased use of nitrogen there has come about an increasing awareness of the problem involved in the use of nitrogen fertilizers.

Influence Of Compaction And Freezing On The Structure And Permeability Of Some Selected Horizons From Northern Utah Soils, Samir Ramzy Nagmoush

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Frequently, in evaluating plant deficiencies, one considers only those soil factors which are associated with the fertility of the soil-- mainly the levels of phosphorus, potash, nitrogen, and organic matter. A certain level of nutrition is essential for plant growth, but in order for the nutrients to exert their maximum influence on the productivity of the soil, it is equally important that a good soil environment be provided and maintained. A good environment requires that good physical conditions of soil, sir, and water be in balance.

The Influence Of Temperature On The Impedance To Water Flow Through Plants, Royal Duane Jensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This era has been termed the atomic or space age. The greatest concern of most people seems to be centered around survival from the destruction and suffering that might be caused by atomic and nuclear weapons. However, along with this, the world is confronted with perhaps a greater disaster--a potential calamity seldom realized by most people, yet a problem which grows more serious in the world each year--a tragedy which would probably be worse than destruction from nuclear weapons. This encroaching catastrophe is starvation.

Even today the majority of the people in the world do not have enough food. Each …

Moisture And Temperature Effects On The Transformations Of Nitrogen From Applied Ammonium Sulfate In A Calcareous Soil, John Keith Justice

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nitrogen has commonly been a deficient element in the cultivated soils of the world since the beginning of agriculture. The general acceptance of the practice of using manures as a means of increasing plant growth, as shown by the records of ancient civilizations, attest to this fact. Since the time of von Liebig there has been an increasing awareness of the importance of this deficiency in soils. As a result of a better understanding of the problem and the increasing availability of commercial forms of nitrogen, a rapid increase in the use of nitrogen fertilizers has taken place in the …

The Influence Of Soil Moisture Suction And Evaporative Demand On Actual Evapotranspiration And Yield Of Alfalfa, Bozorg Bahrani

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Evapotranspiration has been defined as the combination of evaporation of water from the soil surface and transpiration of water by vegetation. If the ground is well covered by plants, most of the water is lost by transpiration of water directly from the plant tissue, rather than by evaporation of water directly from the soil surface. The term consumptive use is synonymous with evapotranspiration.

The Temperature Dependence Of The Drying Of Horizontal Soil Columns, Craig Loren Wiegand

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A consideration of the physical principles involved in evaporative drying of soil indicates that several physical processes might possibly limit the rate of evaporation. These include the rate of supply of energy to the site of evaporation, the rate of transfer of water vapor through the sample or through the atmosphere above the sample, and the rate of unsaturated flow of water to the soil surface or to the site of evaporation.

Studies In Iron Chlorosis Of Leaves, Narayan Gunderao Perur

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Normal healthy growth and development of plants is controlled by certain factors known as factors of plant growth. They are soil, climate, and plant inheritance. The soil contains many nutrient elements needed by plants both in macro and micro quantities. Iron is one of the essential elements required by plants in small amounts.

When plants are starving for any of the essential nutrients, characteristic symptoms usually appear as certain abnormalities, discoloration and deformation of leaves, fruits, and other parts. The deficiency symptoms, though not easily recognizable in some cases at the beginning, are quite apparent in advanced stages of plant …

The Effect Of The Method Of Irrigation And Fertilizer Application On The Movement Of Nitrates In The Soil, Lavoir A. Banks

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

It is generally recognized that one of the most important factors limiting crop production is soil nitrogen. Farmers today are using more nitrogen fertilizers than ever before. All indications show that this usage will probably continue to increase. With the expanded use of nitrogen, it has become desirable to increase the efficiency from nitrogen fertilizers. One factor which will affect the efficiency is the position of the nitrogen in the soil in relation to the plant roots.

Hydrogen Bonding Between The Carbonyl Group And Wyoming Bentonite, Robert A. Kohl

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The vibrational frequencies of atom to atom bonds within a molecule are a function of the bond energies. Each bond has its characteristic frequency, and most of these frequencies can be detected with the infrared spectrophotometer. When one compound reacts with another or is adsorbed on the surface of a solid, detectable frequency changes or shifts may occur. These changes or shifts yield valuable information about the bonds which are formed or broken.

Surficial Geology Of Bear Lake Valley, Utah, Allen D. Willard

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Bear Lake Valley is located in southeastern Idaho and northeastern Utah. It is an elongate valley extending from the vicinity of Laketown, Utah, in the Randolph quadrangle, to the vicinity of Georgetown, Idaho, in the Montpelier quadrangle. The southern part of the valley is occupied by Bear Lake. The essentially straight-sided valley is bounded on the northeast by the Preuss Range, on the southeast by the Bear Lake Plateau, and on the west by the Bear River Range.

Bear River, rising in the Uinta Mountains to the south, and skirting the Wyoming Basin as it swings from Wyoming into Utah …

A Manometric Method For The Determination Of Soil Carbonates In The Field, N. A. Polyzopoulos

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In soil survey work the method now generally used to evaluate the carbonate content of the soil in the field is to observe the amount of effervescence that takes place when the soil reacts with dilute acid. The four degrees of effervescence usually recognized are designated by the symbols eo, e, es, ev and correspond roughly to a lime content of 0-0.5, 0.5-3, 3-15, and above 15 per cent, respectively. This, or course, is a very rough estimate and therefore a method is needed for the quantitative determination of carbonates in the field with a fair degree of accuracy. If …