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Articles 121 - 150 of 386
Full-Text Articles in Earth Sciences
Effects Of Foliar Application Of Zno Nanoparticles On Lentil Production, Stress Level And Nutritional Seed Quality Under Field Conditions, Marek Kolenčík, Dávid Ernst, Matej Komár, Martin Urík, Martin Šebesta, Ľuba Ďurišová, Marek Bujdoš, Ivan Černý, Juraj Chlpík, Martin Juriga, Ramakanth Illa, Yu Qian, Huan Feng, Gabriela Kratošová, Karla Čech Barabaszová, Ladislav Ducsay, Elena Aydın
Effects Of Foliar Application Of Zno Nanoparticles On Lentil Production, Stress Level And Nutritional Seed Quality Under Field Conditions, Marek Kolenčík, Dávid Ernst, Matej Komár, Martin Urík, Martin Šebesta, Ľuba Ďurišová, Marek Bujdoš, Ivan Černý, Juraj Chlpík, Martin Juriga, Ramakanth Illa, Yu Qian, Huan Feng, Gabriela Kratošová, Karla Čech Barabaszová, Ladislav Ducsay, Elena Aydın
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Nanotechnology offers new opportunities for the development of novel materials and strategies that improve technology and industry. This applies especially to agriculture, and our previous field studies have indicated that zinc oxide nanoparticles provide promising nano-fertilizer dispersion in sustainable agriculture. However, little is known about the precise ZnO-NP effects on legumes. Herein, 1 mg·L−1 ZnO-NP spray was dispersed on lentil plants to establish the direct NP effects on lentil production, seed nutritional quality, and stress response under field conditions. Although ZnO-NP exposure positively affected yield, thousand-seed weight and the number of pods per plant, there was no statistically significant …
Enriching Smart Cities By Optimizing Electric Vehicle Ride-Sharing Through Game Theory, Darko Radakovic, Anuradha Singh, Aparna S. Varde, Pankaj Lal
Enriching Smart Cities By Optimizing Electric Vehicle Ride-Sharing Through Game Theory, Darko Radakovic, Anuradha Singh, Aparna S. Varde, Pankaj Lal
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Pillars of smart cities include smart environment, mobility and economy. We explore impacts on these to enhance smart cities, heading towards a smart planet. Our motivation emerges from the need to decarbonize transportation. In this context, ride-sharing companies deploy electric vehicles (EVs). These should be managed by various factors: battery demand, EV charging station location, service availability, and charging time. Ride-sharing EV s aim to maximize profits via more rides. Our paper explores game theory in AI here. We propose E-Ride-Minimax, adapting the Minimax algorithm, treating EV ride-sharing companies as players. We hypothesize one player choosing its next move via …
The Effect Of Climate Change, Human Activity, And Water Management Interventions On Environmental And Socio-Economic Outcomes In The Mekong Delta Region, Huynh Truong Gia Nguyen
The Effect Of Climate Change, Human Activity, And Water Management Interventions On Environmental And Socio-Economic Outcomes In The Mekong Delta Region, Huynh Truong Gia Nguyen
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
The Vietnam Mekong Delta (VMD) is the southernmost part of the Mekong River watershed basin and plays a critical role in Vietnam’s socio-economic and ecological wellbeing. Because of both climate change and anthropogenic activities, such as hydropower dam construction and overwhelming water extraction, the area has recently experienced severe droughts, changing rainfall patterns, and decreasing water resources, collectively heightening disaster risks. Understanding the interactions among these evolving factors is key to preserving resources in the VMD and similarly afflicted regions. Therefore, this dissertation included three objectives. The first objective was to estimate potential impacts of changes in the available water …
Distributed Energy Resources : An Assessment Of New Jersey’S Clean Energy Future, Mary Elizabeth Kenny
Distributed Energy Resources : An Assessment Of New Jersey’S Clean Energy Future, Mary Elizabeth Kenny
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
The demand for renewable energy in New Jersey will continue to grow as economic opportunities and community support drive development. The effective integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) will transform energy production, storage, and use. To achieve sustainable energy production, the current reliance on fossil fuels must be reduced and replaced with less carbon-intensive energy sources that optimize the electric grid. DERs help pioneer the path to a clean energy transition where the implementation of new renewable energy projects will diversify New Jersey’s energy portfolio and provide a more resilient, equitable, and independent energy source. This thesis investigates different perspectives …
Six-Fold Increase Of Atmospheric Pco2 During The Permian–Triassic Mass Extinction, Yuyang Wu, Daoliang Chu, Jinnan Tong, Haijun Song, Jacopo Dal Corso, Paul B. Wignall, Huyue Song, Yong Du, Ying Cui
Six-Fold Increase Of Atmospheric Pco2 During The Permian–Triassic Mass Extinction, Yuyang Wu, Daoliang Chu, Jinnan Tong, Haijun Song, Jacopo Dal Corso, Paul B. Wignall, Huyue Song, Yong Du, Ying Cui
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The Permian–Triassic mass extinction was marked by a massive release of carbon into the ocean-atmosphere system, evidenced by a sharp negative carbon isotope excursion. Large carbon emissions would have increased atmospheric pCO2 and caused global warming. However, the magnitude of pCO2 changes during the PTME has not yet been estimated. Here, we present a continuous pCO2 record across the PTME reconstructed from high-resolution δ13C of C3 plants from southwestern China. We show that pCO2 increased from 426 +133/−96 ppmv in the latest Permian to 2507 +4764/−1193 ppmv at the PTME within about 75 kyr, and that the reconstructed …
A Tighter Constraint On Earth-System Sensitivity From Long-Term Temperature And Carbon-Cycle Observations, Tony E. Wong, Ying Cui, Dana L. Royer, Klaus Keller
A Tighter Constraint On Earth-System Sensitivity From Long-Term Temperature And Carbon-Cycle Observations, Tony E. Wong, Ying Cui, Dana L. Royer, Klaus Keller
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The long-term temperature response to a given change in CO2 forcing, or Earth-system sensitivity (ESS), is a key parameter quantifying our understanding about the relationship between changes in Earth’s radiative forcing and the resulting long-term Earth-system response. Current ESS estimates are subject to sizable uncertainties. Long-term carbon cycle models can provide a useful avenue to constrain ESS, but previous efforts either use rather informal statistical approaches or focus on discrete paleoevents. Here, we improve on previous ESS estimates by using a Bayesian approach to fuse deep-time CO2 and temperature data over the last 420 Myrs with a long-term carbon cycle …
Felsic Volcanism As A Factor Driving The End-Permian Mass Extinction, Hua Zhang, Feifei Zhang, Jiu Bin Chen, Douglas H. Erwin, Drew D. Syverson, Pei Ni, Michael Rampino, Zhe Chi, Yao Feng Cai, Lei Xiang, Wei Qiang Li, Sheng Ao Liu, Ru Cheng Wang, Xiang Dong Wang, Zhuo Feng, Hou Min Li, Ting Zhang, Hong Ming Cai, Wang Zheng, Ying Cui, Xiang Kun Zhu, Zeng Qian Hou, Fu Yuan Wu, Yi Gang Xu, Noah Planavsky, Shu Zhong Shen
Felsic Volcanism As A Factor Driving The End-Permian Mass Extinction, Hua Zhang, Feifei Zhang, Jiu Bin Chen, Douglas H. Erwin, Drew D. Syverson, Pei Ni, Michael Rampino, Zhe Chi, Yao Feng Cai, Lei Xiang, Wei Qiang Li, Sheng Ao Liu, Ru Cheng Wang, Xiang Dong Wang, Zhuo Feng, Hou Min Li, Ting Zhang, Hong Ming Cai, Wang Zheng, Ying Cui, Xiang Kun Zhu, Zeng Qian Hou, Fu Yuan Wu, Yi Gang Xu, Noah Planavsky, Shu Zhong Shen
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The Siberian Traps large igneous province (STLIP) is commonly invoked as the primary driver of global environmental changes that triggered the end-Permian mass extinction (EPME). Here, we explore the contributions of coeval felsic volcanism to end-Permian environmental changes. We report evidence of extreme Cu enrichment in the EPME interval in South China. The enrichment is associated with an increase in the light Cu isotope, melt inclusions rich in copper and sulfides, and Hg concentration spikes. The Cu and Hg elemental and isotopic signatures can be linked to S-rich vapor produced by felsic volcanism. We use these previously unknown geochemical data …
Complementary Development Between China And Sub-Sahara Africa: Examining China’S Mining Investment Strategies In Africa, Xiaoliang Wang, Danlin Yu, Chunhua Yuan
Complementary Development Between China And Sub-Sahara Africa: Examining China’S Mining Investment Strategies In Africa, Xiaoliang Wang, Danlin Yu, Chunhua Yuan
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
China’s recent national and international regional development strategies emphasize both the deepening of the domestic market and the exploration of new markets and resource suppliers to support China’s industrialization. The cooperation with, and investment in, Africa has become an integrated part of China’s international regional development strategy. Investment in Africa is often the result of a decision process that requires balance among local complex political, economic, social, and geological conditions. Proper decision support analysis is the key for success or failure of complementary development. Based on location theories, the current study analyzes China’s mining investment in Africa and derives a …
The Occurrence And Control Of Waterborne Viruses In Drinking Water Treatment: A Review, Li Chen, Yang Deng, Shengkun Dong, Hong Wang, Pan Li, Huaiyu Zhang, Wenhai Chu
The Occurrence And Control Of Waterborne Viruses In Drinking Water Treatment: A Review, Li Chen, Yang Deng, Shengkun Dong, Hong Wang, Pan Li, Huaiyu Zhang, Wenhai Chu
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
As the coronavirus disease 2019 continues to spread globally, its culprit, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been brought under scrutiny. In addition to inhalation transmission, the possible fecal-oral viral transmission via water/wastewater has also been brought under the spotlight, necessitating a timely global review on the current knowledge about waterborne viruses in drinking water treatment system – the very barrier that intercepts waterborne pathogens to terminal water users. In this article we reviewed the occurrence, concentration methods, and control strategies, also, treatment performance on waterborne viruses during drinking water treatment were summarized. Additionally, we emphasized the potential …
Massive And Rapid Predominantly Volcanic Co2 Emission During The End-Permian Mass Extinction, Ying Cui, Mingsong Li, Elsbeth E. Van Soelen, Francien Peterse, Wolfram M. Kürschner
Massive And Rapid Predominantly Volcanic Co2 Emission During The End-Permian Mass Extinction, Ying Cui, Mingsong Li, Elsbeth E. Van Soelen, Francien Peterse, Wolfram M. Kürschner
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The end-Permian mass extinction event (∼252 Mya) is associated with one of the largest global carbon cycle perturbations in the Phanerozoic and is thought to be triggered by the Siberian Traps volcanism. Sizable carbon isotope excursions (CIEs) have been found at numerous sites around the world, suggesting massive quantities of 13C-depleted CO2 input into the ocean and atmosphere system. The exact magnitude and cause of the CIEs, the pace of CO2 emission, and the total quantity of CO2, however, remain poorly known. Here, we quantify the CO2 emission in an Earth system model based on new compound-specific carbon isotope …
Quartz Grain Microtextures Illuminate Pliocene Periglacial Sand Fluxes On The Antarctic Continental Margin, Sandra Passchier, Melissa A. Hansen, Jessica Rosenberg
Quartz Grain Microtextures Illuminate Pliocene Periglacial Sand Fluxes On The Antarctic Continental Margin, Sandra Passchier, Melissa A. Hansen, Jessica Rosenberg
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
On high-latitude continental margins sediment is supplied from land to the deep sea through a variety of processes, including iceberg and sea-ice rafting, and bottom current transport. The accurate reconstruction of sediment fluxes from these sources through time is important in palaeoclimate reconstructions. The goal of this study was to assess a shift in the intensity of glacial processes, iceberg and sea-ice rafting during the Pliocene through an investigation of coarse sediment deposited at the AND-2A site in the Ross Sea and at International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1359 on the Antarctic continental rise. Terrigenous particle-size distributions and suites of …
Understanding Combined Sewer Overflow (Cso) And Green Infrastructure Interaction In New Jersey : An Economic Analysis, Taylor J. Wieczerak
Understanding Combined Sewer Overflow (Cso) And Green Infrastructure Interaction In New Jersey : An Economic Analysis, Taylor J. Wieczerak
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
New Jersey, as a coastal area, has historically struggled with a variety of problems stemming from stormwater runoff, which have only grown more prevalent and harmful as urbanization and climate change have taken their toll. One such issue that has emerged in recent years is the prevalence of combined sewer overflows (CSOs). These sewer systems are common in urban areas in the United States and abroad, and increased urbanization has them not only obsolete but a persistent danger, as their discharges can contaminate waterways and affect human health. While municipalities across the United States are beginning to move towards mitigating …
Investigating Factors Affecting Renewable Energy Consumption: A Panel Data Analysis In Sub Saharan Africa, Sydney Oluoch, Pankaj Lal, Andres Susaeta
Investigating Factors Affecting Renewable Energy Consumption: A Panel Data Analysis In Sub Saharan Africa, Sydney Oluoch, Pankaj Lal, Andres Susaeta
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Renewable energy remains Sub-Saharan Africa's (SSAs) best option to leapfrog and escape the learning curve in energy access while simultaneously combating climate change. Consequently, it is imperative to understand the relationships between SSAs renewable energy consumption and social, economic, and environmental explanatory variables. This paper puts forward an empirical model to outline the factors that can promote renewable energy consumption. We considered the panel autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) panel models of 23 SSA countries with annual data from 1998 to 2014. From the main findings, the dependent variable renewable energy consumption is significant and positively correlates with the independent variables …
A Geo-Economic Framework For Dune Construction And Long-Term Coastal Resiliency In New Jersey, Jesse Charles Kolodin
A Geo-Economic Framework For Dune Construction And Long-Term Coastal Resiliency In New Jersey, Jesse Charles Kolodin
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Following the extensive coastal impacts (i.e., storm surges) caused by Hurricane Sandy in 2012, the State of New Jersey chose to install large-scale engineered berm-dune structures as their main coastal resiliency strategy. Initially, the project was entirely funded with federal emergency relief funds, but will require state and local beachfront communities to pay a percentage costshare for future renourishment projects. The thesis specifically focuses on three adjacent beachfront communities within the barrier island stretch of Long Beach Island, NJ (i.e., Beach Haven, Long Beach Township, and Ship Bottom), all of which had been provided engineered dunes in 2016. Following installation, …
Coastal Onlap/Offlap Amplification Due To Organic Sediment Accumulation And Degradation : Implications For Sea Level Reconstruction, Norjmaa Khosbaatar
Coastal Onlap/Offlap Amplification Due To Organic Sediment Accumulation And Degradation : Implications For Sea Level Reconstruction, Norjmaa Khosbaatar
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Coastal-plain depositional systems such as fluvial deltas are archives of past external (allogenic) forcing, such as sea-level variations, and their evolution can be described by two geomorphic boundaries: the alluvial-basement transition or upstream boundary, and the shoreline or downstream boundary. Patterns of landward/seaward migration of the shoreline (i.e., transgression/regression) and the alluvial basement transition (i.e., coastal onlap/offlap) in the rock record are often used for reconstruction of past sea-level changes. Theories for stratigraphic interpretation, however, need to be adapted to deal with internal (autogenic) processes that could play a significant role, but are to date largely unexplored. In particular, in-situ …
Evidence For A Highly Dynamic West Antarctic Ice Sheet During The Pliocene, Karsten Gohl, Gabriele Uenzelmann-Neben, Johanna Gille-Petzoldt, Claus Dieter Hillenbrand, Johann P. Klages, Steven M. Bohaty, Sandra Passchier, Thomas Frederichs, Julia S. Wellner, Rachel Lamb, German Leitchenkov, A. Klaus, D. Kulhanek, T. Bauersachs, M. Courtillat, E. Cowan, M. De Lira Mota, M. Esteves, J. Fegyveresi, L. Gao, A. Halberstadt, K. Horikawa, M. Iwai, J. Kim, T. King, M. Penkrot, J. Prebble, W. Rahaman, B. Reinardy, J. Renaudie, D. Robinson, R. Scherer, C. Siddoway
Evidence For A Highly Dynamic West Antarctic Ice Sheet During The Pliocene, Karsten Gohl, Gabriele Uenzelmann-Neben, Johanna Gille-Petzoldt, Claus Dieter Hillenbrand, Johann P. Klages, Steven M. Bohaty, Sandra Passchier, Thomas Frederichs, Julia S. Wellner, Rachel Lamb, German Leitchenkov, A. Klaus, D. Kulhanek, T. Bauersachs, M. Courtillat, E. Cowan, M. De Lira Mota, M. Esteves, J. Fegyveresi, L. Gao, A. Halberstadt, K. Horikawa, M. Iwai, J. Kim, T. King, M. Penkrot, J. Prebble, W. Rahaman, B. Reinardy, J. Renaudie, D. Robinson, R. Scherer, C. Siddoway
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Major ice loss in the Amundsen Sea sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is hypothesized to have triggered ice sheet collapses during past warm periods such as those in the Pliocene. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 379 recovered continuous late Miocene to Holocene sediments from a sediment drift on the continental rise, allowing assessment of sedimentation processes in response to climate cycles and trends since the late Miocene. Via seismic correlation to the shelf, we interpret massive prograding sequences that extended the outer shelf by 80 km during the Pliocene through frequent advances of grounded ice. Buried …
Effect Of Abiotic Factors On Enzyme Activity In Brownfield Soils, Diane Hagmann
Effect Of Abiotic Factors On Enzyme Activity In Brownfield Soils, Diane Hagmann
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Several factors can influence soil function, including biotic and abiotic. Biotic factors are those that are living, like microorganisms. Abiotic factors are those that are non-living, and include heavy metals, organic contaminants, pH, and nutrients. Liberty State Park in Jersey City (N.J., U.S.A), is a 100-ha brownfield was once a major rail yard that was restricted public access in 1969. The site without any intervention of humans grew a forest. The primary objective of this dissertation is to understand the impacts of both inorganic and organic contaminants on soil function in addition to provide strategies that can override the negative …
Upstream Propagation Of Sea-Level Signals In Fluvio-Deltaic Environments : Time-Lags, And The Dynamics Of The Fluvial Surface, Madeline Pianta Kollegger
Upstream Propagation Of Sea-Level Signals In Fluvio-Deltaic Environments : Time-Lags, And The Dynamics Of The Fluvial Surface, Madeline Pianta Kollegger
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
The sedimentary record of fluvio-deltaic environments holds clues to past climate and sea level change. Although theories for stratigraphic interpretation generally rely upon the assumption that the fluvial surface responds uniformly to sea level changes, recent theoretical work suggests that changes in the relief and concavity of the fluvial surface can influence the propagation of sea level information upstream, and result in geologically long-lived lags in the system response. We test this theoretical result using measurements from an evolving experimental delta subject to sea-level cycles. As predicted by the theoretical results, during sea-level fall the relief increases and the fluvial …
Intensified Disinfection Amid Covid-19 Pandemic Poses Potential Risks To Water Quality And Safety, Wenhai Chu, Chao Fang, Yang Deng, Zuxin Xu
Intensified Disinfection Amid Covid-19 Pandemic Poses Potential Risks To Water Quality And Safety, Wenhai Chu, Chao Fang, Yang Deng, Zuxin Xu
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
No abstract provided.
Synchronous Marine And Terrestrial Carbon Cycle Perturbation In The High Arctic During The Petm, Ying Cui, Aaron F. Diefendorf, Lee R. Kump, Shijun Jiang, Katherine H. Freeman
Synchronous Marine And Terrestrial Carbon Cycle Perturbation In The High Arctic During The Petm, Ying Cui, Aaron F. Diefendorf, Lee R. Kump, Shijun Jiang, Katherine H. Freeman
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; 56 Ma) is considered to be one of the best analogs for future climate change. The carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of n-alkanes derived from leaf waxes of terrestrial plants and marine algae can provide important insights into the carbon cycle perturbation during the PETM. Here, we present new organic geochemical data and compound-specific δ13C data from sediments recovered from an early Cenozoic basin-margin succession from Spitsbergen. These samples represent one of the most expanded PETM sites and provide new insights into the high Arctic response to the PETM. Our results reveal …
Late Eocene Record Of Hydrology And Temperature From Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, Emily J. Tibbett, Howie D. Scher, Sophie Warny, Jessica E. Tierney, Sandra Passchier, Sarah J. Feakins
Late Eocene Record Of Hydrology And Temperature From Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, Emily J. Tibbett, Howie D. Scher, Sophie Warny, Jessica E. Tierney, Sandra Passchier, Sarah J. Feakins
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) marks the onset of Antarctic glaciation at 33.7 Ma. Although the benthic oxygen isotope record defines the major continental ice sheet expansion, recent sedimentary and geochemical evidence suggests the presence of earlier ephemeral ice sheets. Sediment cores from Ocean Drilling Program Legs 119 and 188 in Prydz Bay provide an archive of conditions in a major drainage system of East Antarctica. We study biomarker and microfossil evidence to discern how the vegetation and climate shifted between 36 and 33 Ma. Pollen was dominated by reworked Permian Glossopterid gymnosperms; however, penecontemporaneous Eocene pollen assemblages indicate that some …
Carbon Cycle Variability In Tropical Atlantic Across Two Early Eocene Hyperthermals, Shijun Jiang, Ying Cui, Yasu Wang
Carbon Cycle Variability In Tropical Atlantic Across Two Early Eocene Hyperthermals, Shijun Jiang, Ying Cui, Yasu Wang
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Early Eocene hyperthermals are geologically short-lived global warming events and represent fundamental perturbations to the global carbon cycle and the Earth's ecosystem due to massive additions of isotopically light carbon to the ocean-atmosphere system. They serve as ancient analogs for understanding how the oceanic carbonate system and surface-ocean ecosystem would respond to ongoing and future climate change. Here, we present a continuous carbonate record across the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM2 or H1, ca. 54.1 Ma) and H2 (ca. 54 Ma) events from an expanded section at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1258 in tropical Atlantic. The abundant calcareous nannofossils and …
New Magnetostratigraphic Insights From Iceberg Alley On The Rhythms Of Antarctic Climate During The Plio-Pleistocene, Brendan T. Reilly, Lisa Tauxe, Stefanie Brachfeld, Maureen Raymo, Ian Bailey, Sidney Hemming, Michael E. Weber, Trevor Williams, Marga Garcia, Michelle Guitard, Yasmina M. Martos, Lara F. Pérez, Xufeng Zheng, Linda Armbrecht, Fabricio G. Cardillo, Zhiheng Du, Gerson Fauth, Anna Glueder, Marcus Gutjahr, Iván Hernández-Almeida, Frida S. Hoem, Ji Hwan Hwang, Mutsumi Iizuka, Yuji Kato, Bridget Kenlee, Suzanne O’Connell, Victoria Peck, Thomas A. Ronge, Osamu Seki, Shubham Tripathi, Jonathan Warnock
New Magnetostratigraphic Insights From Iceberg Alley On The Rhythms Of Antarctic Climate During The Plio-Pleistocene, Brendan T. Reilly, Lisa Tauxe, Stefanie Brachfeld, Maureen Raymo, Ian Bailey, Sidney Hemming, Michael E. Weber, Trevor Williams, Marga Garcia, Michelle Guitard, Yasmina M. Martos, Lara F. Pérez, Xufeng Zheng, Linda Armbrecht, Fabricio G. Cardillo, Zhiheng Du, Gerson Fauth, Anna Glueder, Marcus Gutjahr, Iván Hernández-Almeida, Frida S. Hoem, Ji Hwan Hwang, Mutsumi Iizuka, Yuji Kato, Bridget Kenlee, Suzanne O’Connell, Victoria Peck, Thomas A. Ronge, Osamu Seki, Shubham Tripathi, Jonathan Warnock
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 382 in the Scotia Sea’s Iceberg Alley recovered among the most continuous and highest resolution stratigraphic records in the Southern Ocean near Antarctica spanning the last 3.3 Myr. Sites drilled in Dove Basin (U1536/U1537) have well-resolved magnetostratigraphy and a strong imprint of orbital forcing in their lithostratigraphy. All magnetic reversals of the last 3.3 Myr are identified, providing a robust age model independent of orbital tuning. During the Pleistocene, alternation of terrigenous versus diatomaceous facies shows power in the eccentricity and obliquity frequencies comparable to the amplitude modulation of benthic δ18O records. …
Community-Scale Beach Nourishment And Groin Construction Decisions Along Human-Modified Coasts : The Interplay Between Socioeconomics, Coordination, Tourism, And Shoreline Change, Arye Max Janoff
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
In response to coastal erosion driven by storms, sea-level rise, and local gradients in sediment supply, communities defend their homes and maintain beach recreation by widening beaches via soft engineering (i.e., beach nourishment) or hard engineering (i.e., groins). Past research has found that, at regional scales, the net effect of these interventions has in many cases not only counteracted historically observed beach erosion, but has reversed erosional trends, on average shifting shorelines seaward. While groins trap sediments locally at and upcoast of the structure relative to the direction of alongshore transport, however, they often have adverse downcoast impacts, resulting in …
Miocene To Present Oceanographic Variability In The Scotia Sea And Antarctic Ice Sheets Dynamics: Insight From Revised Seismic-Stratigraphy Following Iodp Expedition 382, Lara F. Pérez, Yasmina M. Martos, Marga García, Michael E. Weber, Maureen E. Raymo, Trevor Williams, Fernando Bohoyo, Linda Armbrecht, Ian Bailey, Stefanie Brachfeld, Anna Glüder, Michelle Guitard, Marcus Gutjahr, Sidney Hemming, Iván Hernández-Almeida, Frida S. Hoem, Yuji Kato, Suzanne O'Connell, Victoria L. Peck, Brendan Reilly, Thomas A. Ronge, Lisa Tauxe, Jonathan Warnock, Xufeng Zheng
Miocene To Present Oceanographic Variability In The Scotia Sea And Antarctic Ice Sheets Dynamics: Insight From Revised Seismic-Stratigraphy Following Iodp Expedition 382, Lara F. Pérez, Yasmina M. Martos, Marga García, Michael E. Weber, Maureen E. Raymo, Trevor Williams, Fernando Bohoyo, Linda Armbrecht, Ian Bailey, Stefanie Brachfeld, Anna Glüder, Michelle Guitard, Marcus Gutjahr, Sidney Hemming, Iván Hernández-Almeida, Frida S. Hoem, Yuji Kato, Suzanne O'Connell, Victoria L. Peck, Brendan Reilly, Thomas A. Ronge, Lisa Tauxe, Jonathan Warnock, Xufeng Zheng
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Scotia Sea and the Drake Passage is key towards understanding the development of modern oceanic circulation patterns and their implications for ice sheet growth and decay. The sedimentary record of the southern Scotia Sea basins documents the regional tectonic, oceanographic and climatic evolution since the Eocene. However, a lack of accurate age estimations has prevented the calibration of the reconstructed history. The upper sedimentary record of the Scotia Sea was scientifically drilled for the first time in 2019 during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 382, recovering sediments down to ∼643 and 676 m below sea floor in the Dove …
Marine Anoxia And Ocean Acidification During The End-Permian Extinction: An Integrated View From Δ238u And Δ44/40ca Proxies And Earth System Modeling, Ying Cui, Feifei Zhang, Jiuyuan Wang, Shijun Jiang, Shuzhong Shen
Marine Anoxia And Ocean Acidification During The End-Permian Extinction: An Integrated View From Δ238u And Δ44/40ca Proxies And Earth System Modeling, Ying Cui, Feifei Zhang, Jiuyuan Wang, Shijun Jiang, Shuzhong Shen
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The largest mass extinction event in the Phanerozoic, known as the end-Permian mass extinction (or EPME, ca. 252 Ma) is coincident with the main eruption phase of Siberian Traps volcanism (ca. 252 to 250 Ma), a large igneous province (LIP). This LIP is estimated to have a volume larger than 2 × 106 km3 and to have released both mantle carbon dioxide (CO2) through extrusions and thermogenic methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) through intrusions. The climatic consequences of these greenhouse gases is detrimental to both marine and terrestrial life and may have delayed the recovery of ecosystems …
Forum Reply: A 23 M.Y. Record Of Low Atmospheric Co2, Brian A. Schubert, Ying Cui, A. Hope Jahren
Forum Reply: A 23 M.Y. Record Of Low Atmospheric Co2, Brian A. Schubert, Ying Cui, A. Hope Jahren
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
No abstract provided.
Identification Of Ice-Rafted Debris In The Weddell Sea To Characterize Glaciation At The Eocene-Oligocene Transition, Josie Horowitz
Identification Of Ice-Rafted Debris In The Weddell Sea To Characterize Glaciation At The Eocene-Oligocene Transition, Josie Horowitz
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
At the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT), approximately 34 million years ago (Ma), the Earth’s climate changed from a warm greenhouse to a cooler climate which resulted in ice-sheet growth and stable continental-scale ice sheets in Antarctica. Hole 696B of the Ocean Drilling Program Leg 113 drilled in 650 m of water depth on the South Orkney Microcontinent spans the entire EOT. Cores 53R and 54R are dated at lower Oligocene (~33.1 to ~33.5 Ma) and total ~14 meters in thickness from ~549 to ~564 mbsf. Ice-rafted debris (IRD) in sediment cores gives insight into the extent of glaciation in West Antarctica, …
Aspergillus Niger Decreases Bioavailability Of Arsenic(V) Via Biotransformation Of Manganese Oxide Into Biogenic Oxalate Minerals, Bence Farkas, Marek Kolenčík, Miroslav Hain, Edmund Dobročka, Gabriela Kratošová, Marek Bujdoš, Huan Feng, Yang Deng, Qian Yu, Ramakanth Illa, B. Ratna Sunil, Hyunjung Kim, Peter Matúš, Martin Urík
Aspergillus Niger Decreases Bioavailability Of Arsenic(V) Via Biotransformation Of Manganese Oxide Into Biogenic Oxalate Minerals, Bence Farkas, Marek Kolenčík, Miroslav Hain, Edmund Dobročka, Gabriela Kratošová, Marek Bujdoš, Huan Feng, Yang Deng, Qian Yu, Ramakanth Illa, B. Ratna Sunil, Hyunjung Kim, Peter Matúš, Martin Urík
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
The aim of this work was to evaluate the transformation of manganese oxide (hausmannite) by microscopic filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger and the effects of the transformation on mobility and bioavailability of arsenic. Our results showed that the A. niger strain CBS 140837 greatly affected the stability of hausmannite and induced its transformation into biogenic crystals of manganese oxalates—falottaite and lindbergite. The transformation was enabled by fungal acidolysis of hausmannite and subsequent release of manganese ions into the culture medium. While almost 45% of manganese was bioextracted, the arsenic content in manganese precipitates increased throughout the 25-day static cultivation of fungus. …
Authigenic Ferrimagnetic Iron Sulfide Preservation Due To Nonsteady State Diagenesis: A Perspective From Perseverance Drift, Northwestern Weddell Sea, Brendan T. Reilly, Michael L. Mccormick, Stefanie A. Brachfeld, Brian A. Haley
Authigenic Ferrimagnetic Iron Sulfide Preservation Due To Nonsteady State Diagenesis: A Perspective From Perseverance Drift, Northwestern Weddell Sea, Brendan T. Reilly, Michael L. Mccormick, Stefanie A. Brachfeld, Brian A. Haley
Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
We document magnetic mineral diagenesis with high-resolution magnetic susceptibility, hysteresis, isothermal remanent magnetization, and other rock magnetic measurements through a shallow sulfate-methane transition (SMT) at Perseverance Drift—a high-accumulation rate Holocene biosiliceous Antarctic marine sediment deposit. The structure of the SMT is defined with porewater measurements from the same core, allowing direct comparison. Dissolution of the detrital (titano)magnetite assemblage, with preferential dissolution of stochiometric magnetite, occurs in the upper SMT. Higher coercivity magnetic minerals dissolve more slowly, continuing to dissolve through the entire SMT and could be a source of ferric iron for microbial respiration following exhaustion of porewater sulfate, as …