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Articles 1081 - 1110 of 2149
Full-Text Articles in Software Engineering
Pfix: Fixing Concurrency Bugs Based On Memory Access Patterns, Huarui Lin, Zan Wang, Shuang Liu, Jun Sun, Dongdi Zhang, Guangning Wei
Pfix: Fixing Concurrency Bugs Based On Memory Access Patterns, Huarui Lin, Zan Wang, Shuang Liu, Jun Sun, Dongdi Zhang, Guangning Wei
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Concurrency bugs of a multi-threaded program may only manifest with certain scheduling, i.e., they are heisenbugs which are observed only from time to time if we execute the same program with the same input multiple times. They are notoriously hard to fix. In this work, we propose an approach to automatically fix concurrency bugs. Compared to previous approaches, our key idea is to systematically fix concurrency bugs by inferring locking policies from failure inducing memory-access patterns. That is, we automatically identify memory-access patterns which are correlated with the manifestation of the bug, and then conjecture what is the intended locking …
Rule-Based Specification Mining Leveraging Learning To Rank, Zherui Cao, Yuan Tian, Bui Tien Duy Le, David Lo
Rule-Based Specification Mining Leveraging Learning To Rank, Zherui Cao, Yuan Tian, Bui Tien Duy Le, David Lo
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Software systems are often released without formal specifications. To deal with the problem of lack of and outdated specifications, rule-based specification mining approaches have been proposed. These approaches analyze execution traces of a system to infer the rules that characterize the protocols, typically of a library, that its clients must obey. Rule-based specification mining approaches work by exploring the search space of all possible rules and use interestingness measures to differentiate specifications from false positives. Previous rule-based specification mining approaches often rely on one or two interestingness measures, while the potential benefit of combining multiple available interestingness measures is not …
Welcome Message From The Dysdoc3 2018 Chairs, Martin P. Robillard, Andrian Marcus, Christoph Treude, Michele Lanza
Welcome Message From The Dysdoc3 2018 Chairs, Martin P. Robillard, Andrian Marcus, Christoph Treude, Michele Lanza
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Presents the introductory welcome message from the conference proceedings. May include the conference officers' congratulations to all involved with the conference event and publication of the proceedings record.
A Vector Field Design Approach To Animated Transitions, Yong Wang, Daniel Archambault, Carlos E. Scheidegger, Huamin Qu
A Vector Field Design Approach To Animated Transitions, Yong Wang, Daniel Archambault, Carlos E. Scheidegger, Huamin Qu
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Animated transitions can be effective in explaining and exploring a small number of visualizations where there are drastic changes in the scene over a short interval of time. This is especially true if data elements cannot be visually distinguished by other means. Current research in animated transitions has mainly focused on linear transitions (all elements follow straight line paths) or enhancing coordinated motion through bundling of linear trajectories. In this paper, we introduce animated transition design, a technique to build smooth, non-linear transitions for clustered data with either minimal or no user involvement. The technique is flexible and simple to …
Focusvr: Effective And Usable Vr Display Power Management, Kiat Wee Tan, Eduardo Cuervo, Rajesh Krishna Balan
Focusvr: Effective And Usable Vr Display Power Management, Kiat Wee Tan, Eduardo Cuervo, Rajesh Krishna Balan
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
In this paper, we present the design and implementation of FocusVR, a system for effectively and efficiently reducing the power consumption of Virtual Reality (VR) devices by smartly dimming their displays. These devices are becoming increasingly common with large companies such as Facebook (Oculus Rift), and HTC and Valve (Vive), recently releasing high quality VR devices to the consumer market. However, these devices require increasingly higher screen resolutions and refresh rates to be effective, and this in turn, leads to high display power consumption costs. We show how the use of smart dimming techniques, vignettes and color mapping, can significantly …
Neural-Machine-Translation-Based Commit Message Generation: How Far Are We?, Zhongxin Liu, Xin Xia, Ahmed E. Hassan, David Lo, Zhenchang Xing, Xinyu Wang
Neural-Machine-Translation-Based Commit Message Generation: How Far Are We?, Zhongxin Liu, Xin Xia, Ahmed E. Hassan, David Lo, Zhenchang Xing, Xinyu Wang
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Commit messages can be regarded as the documentation of software changes. These messages describe the content and purposes of changes, hence are useful for program comprehension and software maintenance. However, due to the lack of time and direct motivation, commit messages sometimes are neglected by developers. To address this problem, Jiang et al. proposed an approach (we refer to it as NMT), which leverages a neural machine translation algorithm to automatically generate short commit messages from code. The reported performance of their approach is promising, however, they did not explore why their approach performs well. Thus, in this paper, we …
Efficient And Privacy-Preserving Online Face Recognition Over Encrypted Outsourced Data, Xiaopeng Yang, Hui Zhu, Rongxing Lu, Ximeng Liu, Hui Li
Efficient And Privacy-Preserving Online Face Recognition Over Encrypted Outsourced Data, Xiaopeng Yang, Hui Zhu, Rongxing Lu, Ximeng Liu, Hui Li
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
With the development of image processing technology and the pervasiveness of mobile devices, face recognition, which can be used to offer convenient and efficient individual authentication service, has attracted considerable interest in recent years. However, people's concern about their face data being leaked during the face recognition process impedes the flourish of face recognition. To address this problem, we present a novel privacy-preserving online face recognition scheme over encrypted outsourced data, named EPFR. With EPFR, a user can achieve secure, accurate and efficient authentication service without disclosing her/his face data. Specifically, an improved homomorphic encryption technology is introduced to provide …
A Hybrid Model For Identity Obfuscation By Face Replacement, Qianru Sun, Ayush Tewari, Weipeng Xu, Mario Fritz, Christian Theobalt, Bernt Schiele
A Hybrid Model For Identity Obfuscation By Face Replacement, Qianru Sun, Ayush Tewari, Weipeng Xu, Mario Fritz, Christian Theobalt, Bernt Schiele
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
As more and more personal photos are shared and tagged in social media, avoiding privacy risks such as unintended recognition, becomes increasingly challenging. We propose a new hybrid approach to obfuscate identities in photos by head replacement. Our approach combines state of the art parametric face synthesis with latest advances in Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) for data-driven image synthesis. On the one hand, the parametric part of our method gives us control over the facial parameters and allows for explicit manipulation of the identity. On the other hand, the data-driven aspects allow for adding fine details and overall realism as …
Bilock: User Authentication Via Dental Occlusion Biometrics, Yongpan Zou, Meng Zhao, Zimu Zhou, Jiawei Lin, Mo Li, Kaishun Wu
Bilock: User Authentication Via Dental Occlusion Biometrics, Yongpan Zou, Meng Zhao, Zimu Zhou, Jiawei Lin, Mo Li, Kaishun Wu
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
User authentication on smart devices is indispensable to keep data privacy and security. It is especially significant for emerging wearable devices such as smartwatches considering data sensitivity in them. However, conventional authentication methods are not applicable for wearables due to constraints of size and hardware, which makes present wearable devices lack convenient, secure and low-cost authentication schemes. To tackle this problem, we reveal a novel biometric authentication mechanism which makes use of sounds of human dental occlusion (i.e., tooth click). We demonstrate its feasibility by comprehensive measurement study, and design a prototype-BiLock with two Android platforms. Extensive real-world experiments have …
Api Method Recommendation Without Worrying About The Task-Api Knowledge Gap, Qiao Huang, Xin Xia, Zhenchang Xing, David Lo, Xinyu Wang
Api Method Recommendation Without Worrying About The Task-Api Knowledge Gap, Qiao Huang, Xin Xia, Zhenchang Xing, David Lo, Xinyu Wang
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Developers often need to search for appropriate APIs for theirprogramming tasks. Although most libraries have API referencedocumentation, it is not easy to find appropriate APIs due to thelexical gap and knowledge gap between the natural language description of the programming task and the API description in APIdocumentation. Here, the lexical gap refers to the fact that the samesemantic meaning can be expressed by different words, and theknowledge gap refers to the fact that API documentation mainlydescribes API functionality and structure but lacks other types ofinformation like concepts and purposes, which are usually the keyinformation in the task description. In this …
Fusing Multi-Abstraction Vector Space Models For Concern Localization, Yun Zhang, David Lo, Xin Xia, Giuseppe Scanniello, Tien-Duy B. Le, Jianling Sun
Fusing Multi-Abstraction Vector Space Models For Concern Localization, Yun Zhang, David Lo, Xin Xia, Giuseppe Scanniello, Tien-Duy B. Le, Jianling Sun
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Concern localization refers to the process of locating code units that match a particular textual description. It takes as input textual documents such as bug reports and feature requests and outputs a list of candidate code units that are relevant to the bug reports or feature requests. Many information retrieval (IR) based concern localization techniques have been proposed in the literature. These techniques typically represent code units and textual descriptions as a bag of tokens at one level of abstraction, e.g., each token is a word, or each token is a topic. In this work, we propose a multi-abstraction concern …
A Formal Specification And Verification Framework For Timed Security Protocols, Li Li, Jun Sun, Yang Liu, Meng Sun, Jin Song Dong
A Formal Specification And Verification Framework For Timed Security Protocols, Li Li, Jun Sun, Yang Liu, Meng Sun, Jin Song Dong
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Nowadays, protocols often use time to provide better security. For instance, critical credentials are often associated with expiry dates in system designs. However, using time correctly in protocol design is challenging, due to the lack of time related formal specification and verification techniques. Thus, we propose a comprehensive analysis framework to formally specify as well as automatically verify timed security protocols. A parameterized method is introduced in our framework to handle timing parameters whose values cannot be decided in the protocol design stage. In this work, we first propose timed applied p-calculus as a formal language for specifying timed security …
An Empirical Study Of Security Issues Posted In Open Source Projects, Mansooreh Zahedi, M. Ali Babar, Christoph Treude
An Empirical Study Of Security Issues Posted In Open Source Projects, Mansooreh Zahedi, M. Ali Babar, Christoph Treude
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
When developers gain thorough understanding and knowledge of software security, they can produce more secure software. This study aims at empirically identifying and understanding the security issues posted on a random sample of GitHub repositories. We tried to understand the presence of security issues and their key themes and topics. We applied a mixedmethods approach, combining topic modeling techniques and qualitative analysis. Our findings have revealed that a) the rate of security-related issues was rather small (approx. 3% of all issues), b) the majority of the security issues were related to identity management and cryptography topics. We present 7 high-level …
Unusual Events In Github Repositories, Christoph Treude, Larissa Leite, Maurício Aniche
Unusual Events In Github Repositories, Christoph Treude, Larissa Leite, Maurício Aniche
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
In large and active software projects, it becomes impractical for a developer to stay aware of all project activity. While it might not be necessary to know about each commit or issue, it is arguably important to know about the ones that are unusual. To investigate this hypothesis, we identified unusual events in 200 GitHub projects using a comprehensive list of ways in which an artifact can be unusual and asked 140 developers responsible for or affected by these events to comment on the usefulness of the corresponding information. Based on 2,096 answers, we identify the subset of unusual events …
Demand-Aware Charger Planning For Electric Vehicle Sharing, Bowen Du, Yongxin Tong, Zimu Zhou, Qian Tao, Wenjun Zhou
Demand-Aware Charger Planning For Electric Vehicle Sharing, Bowen Du, Yongxin Tong, Zimu Zhou, Qian Tao, Wenjun Zhou
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Cars of the future have been predicted as shared and electric. There has been a rapid growth in electric vehicle (EV) sharing services worldwide in recent years. For EV-sharing platforms to excel, it is essential for them to offer private charging infrastructure for exclusive use that meets the charging demand of their clients. Particularly, they need to plan not only the places to build charging stations, but also the amounts of chargers per station, to maximally satisfy the requirements on global charging coverage and local charging demand. Existing research efforts are either inapplicable for their different problem formulations or are …
Code Smells For Model-View-Controller Architectures, Maurício Aniche, Gabriele Bavota, Christoph Treude, Marco Aurélio Gerosa, Arie Van Deursen
Code Smells For Model-View-Controller Architectures, Maurício Aniche, Gabriele Bavota, Christoph Treude, Marco Aurélio Gerosa, Arie Van Deursen
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Previous studies have shown the negative effects that low-quality code can have on maintainability proxies, such as code change- and defect-proneness. One of the symptoms of low-quality code are code smells, defined as sub-optimal implementation choices. While this definition is quite general and seems to suggest a wide spectrum of smells that can affect software systems, the research literature mostly focuses on the set of smells defined in the catalog by Fowler and Beck, reporting design issues that can potentially affect any kind of system, regardless of their architecture (e.g., Complex Class). However, systems adopting a specific architecture (e.g., the …
Autonomous Agents In Snake Game Via Deep Reinforcement Learning, Zhepei Wei, Di Wang, Ming Zhang, Ah-Hwee Tan, Chunyan Miao, You Zhou
Autonomous Agents In Snake Game Via Deep Reinforcement Learning, Zhepei Wei, Di Wang, Ming Zhang, Ah-Hwee Tan, Chunyan Miao, You Zhou
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Since DeepMind pioneered a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) model to play the Atari games, DRL has become a commonly adopted method to enable the agents to learn complex control policies in various video games. However, similar approaches may still need to be improved when applied to more challenging scenarios, where reward signals are sparse and delayed. In this paper, we develop a refined DRL model to enable our autonomous agent to play the classical Snake Game, whose constraint gets stricter as the game progresses. Specifically, we employ a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained with a variant of Q-learning. Moreover, we …
Analysis Of Public Transportation Patterns In A Densely Populated City With Station-Based Shared Bikes, Di Wang, Evan Wu, Ah-Hwee Tan
Analysis Of Public Transportation Patterns In A Densely Populated City With Station-Based Shared Bikes, Di Wang, Evan Wu, Ah-Hwee Tan
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Densely populated cities face great challenges of high transportation demand and limited physical space. Thus, in these cities, the public transportation system is heavily relied on. Conventional public transportation modes such as bus, taxi and subway have been globally deployed over the past century. In the last decade, a new type of public transportation mode, shared bike, emerged in many cities. These shared bikes are deployed by either government-regulated or profit-driven companies and are either station-based or station-less. Nonetheless, all of them are designed to better solve the last-mile problem in densely populated cities as complements to the conventional public …
Towards 'Verifying' A Water Treatment System, Jingyi Wang, Jun Sun, Yifan Jia, Shengchao Qin, Zhiwu Xu
Towards 'Verifying' A Water Treatment System, Jingyi Wang, Jun Sun, Yifan Jia, Shengchao Qin, Zhiwu Xu
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Modeling and verifying real-world cyber-physical systems is challenging, which is especially so for complex systems where manually modeling is infeasible. In this work, we report our experience on combining model learning and abstraction refinement to analyze a challenging system, i.e., a real-world Secure Water Treatment system (SWaT). Given a set of safety requirements, the objective is to either show that the system is safe with a high probability (so that a system shutdown is rarely triggered due to safety violation) or not. As the system is too complicated to be manually modeled, we apply latest automatic model learning techniques to …
Compositional Reasoning For Shared-Variable Concurrent Programs, Fuyuan Zhang, Yongwang Zhao, David Sanan, Yang Liu, Alwen Tiu, Shang-Wei Lin, Jun Sun
Compositional Reasoning For Shared-Variable Concurrent Programs, Fuyuan Zhang, Yongwang Zhao, David Sanan, Yang Liu, Alwen Tiu, Shang-Wei Lin, Jun Sun
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Scalable and automatic formal verification for concurrent systems is always demanding. In this paper, we propose a verification framework to support automated compositional reasoning for concurrent programs with shared variables. Our framework models concurrent programs as succinct automata and supports the verification of multiple important properties. Safety verification and simulations of succinct automata are parallel compositional, and safety properties of succinct automata are preserved under refinements. We generate succinct automata from infinite state concurrent programs in an automated manner. Furthermore, we propose the first automated approach to checking rely-guarantee based simulations between infinite state concurrent programs. We have prototyped our …
Technology-Enabled Medication Adherence For Seniors Living In The Community: Experiences, Lessons, And The Road Ahead, Hwee Xian Tan, Hwee-Pink Tan, Huiguang Liang
Technology-Enabled Medication Adherence For Seniors Living In The Community: Experiences, Lessons, And The Road Ahead, Hwee Xian Tan, Hwee-Pink Tan, Huiguang Liang
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Medication non-adherence in seniors can lead to severe health complications, including morbidity, mortality and decreased quality of life. In view of ageing populations worldwide, there is significant interest among the healthcare sector and researchers to improve medication adherence rates for seniors. However, existing studies in the literature focus primarily on identifying the predictors of medication non-adherence. In this paper, we present our work on technology-enabled medication adherence for 24 community-dwelling seniors over a period of more than 2 years. We leverage Internet of Things (IoT) devices to track inferred medication consumption in the seniors’ homes, and provide quasi real-time alerts …
Experiences & Challenges With Server-Side Wifi Indoor Localization Using Existing Infrastructure, Dheryta Jaisinghani, Rajesh Krishna Balan, Vinayak Naik, Archan Misra, Youngki Lee
Experiences & Challenges With Server-Side Wifi Indoor Localization Using Existing Infrastructure, Dheryta Jaisinghani, Rajesh Krishna Balan, Vinayak Naik, Archan Misra, Youngki Lee
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Real-world deployments of WiFi-based indoor localization in large public venues are few and far between as most state-of-the-art solutions require either client or infrastructure-side changes. Hence, even though high location accuracy is possible with these solutions, they are not practical due to cost and/or client adoption reasons. Majority of the public venues use commercial controller-managed WLAN solutions, that neither allow client changes nor infrastructure changes. In fact, for such venues we have observed highly heterogeneous devices with very low adoption rates for client-side apps. In this paper, we present our experiences in deploying a scalable location system for such venues. …
Deep Specification Mining, Tien-Duy B. Le, David Lo
Deep Specification Mining, Tien-Duy B. Le, David Lo
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Formal specifications are essential but usually unavailable in software systems. Furthermore, writing these specifications is costly and requires skills from developers. Recently, many automated techniques have been proposed to mine specifications in various formats including finite-state automaton (FSA). However, more works in specification mining are needed to further improve the accuracy of the inferred specifications. In this work, we propose Deep Specification Miner (DSM), a new approach that performs deep learning for mining FSA-based specifications. Our proposed approach uses test case generation to generate a richer set of execution traces for training a Recurrent Neural Network Based Language Model (RNNLM). …
Summarizing Source Code With Transferred Api Knowledge, Xing Hu, Ge Li, Xin Xia, David Lo, Shuai Lu, Zhi Jin
Summarizing Source Code With Transferred Api Knowledge, Xing Hu, Ge Li, Xin Xia, David Lo, Shuai Lu, Zhi Jin
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Code summarization, aiming to generate succinct natural language description of source code, is extremely useful for code search and code comprehension. It has played an important role in software maintenance and evolution. Previous approaches generate summaries by retrieving summaries from similar code snippets. However, these approaches heavily rely on whether similar code snippets can be retrieved, how similar the snippets are, and fail to capture the API knowledge in the source code, which carries vital information about the functionality of the source code. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, named TL-CodeSum, which successfully uses API knowledge learned in …
A Survey On Sensor Calibration In Air Pollution Monitoring Deployments, Balz Maah, Zimu Zhou, Lothar Thiele
A Survey On Sensor Calibration In Air Pollution Monitoring Deployments, Balz Maah, Zimu Zhou, Lothar Thiele
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Air pollution is a major concern for public health and urban environments. Conventional air pollution monitoring systems install a few highly accurate, expensive stations at representative locations. Their sparse coverage and low spatial resolution are insufficient to quantify urban air pollution and its impacts on human health and environment. Advances in lowcost portable air pollution sensors have enabled air pollution monitoring deployments at scale to measure air pollution at high spatiotemporal resolution. However, it is challenging to ensure the accuracy of these low-cost sensor deployments because the sensors are more error-prone than high-end sensing infrastructures and they are often deployed …
Identifying Elderlies At Risk Of Becoming More Depressed With Internet-Of-Things, Jiajue Ou, Huiguang Liang, Hwee Xian Tan
Identifying Elderlies At Risk Of Becoming More Depressed With Internet-Of-Things, Jiajue Ou, Huiguang Liang, Hwee Xian Tan
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Depression in the elderly is common and dangerous. Current methods to monitor elderly depression, however, are costly, time-consuming and inefficient. In this paper, we present a novel depression-monitoring system that infers an elderly’s changes in depression level based on his/her activity patterns, extracted from wireless sensor data. To do so, we build predictive models to learn the relationship between depression level changes and behaviors using historical data. We also deploy the system for a group of elderly, in their homes, and run the experiments for more than one year. Our experimental study gives encouraging results, suggesting that our IoT system …
Unobtrusive Detection Of Frailty In Older Adults, Nadee Goonawardene, Hwee-Pink Tan, Lee Buay Tan
Unobtrusive Detection Of Frailty In Older Adults, Nadee Goonawardene, Hwee-Pink Tan, Lee Buay Tan
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Sensor technologies have gained attention as an effective means to monitor physical and mental wellbeing of elderly. In this study, we examined the possibility of using passive in-home sensors to detect frailty in older adults based on their day-to-day in-home living pattern. The sensor-based elderly monitoring system consists of PIR motion sensors and a door contact sensor attached to the main door. A set of pre-defined features associated with elderly’s day-to-day living patterns were derived based on sensor data of 46 elderly gathered over two different time periods. A series of feature vectors depicting different behavioral aspects were derived to …
Characterizing Common And Domain-Specific Package Bugs: A Case Study On Ubuntu, Xiaoxue Ren, Qiao Huang, Xin Xia, Zhenchang Xing, Lingfeng Bao, David Lo
Characterizing Common And Domain-Specific Package Bugs: A Case Study On Ubuntu, Xiaoxue Ren, Qiao Huang, Xin Xia, Zhenchang Xing, Lingfeng Bao, David Lo
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Ubuntu is an open source software platform that runs everywhere from the smartphone, the tablet and the PC to the server and the cloud. In Ubuntu, there are many self-contained or third-party software packages for different use, and a bug report in Ubuntu could affect one or more packages simultaneously. Identifying the common package bugs in Ubuntu can help both developers and users better understand the packages they are developing or using, and also provide further guidelines to developers of similar packages in the future. In this paper, we perform a large-scale empirical study of common package bugs on Ubuntu …
A Unified Approach To Route Planning For Shared Mobility, Yongxin Tong, Yuxiang Zeng, Zimu Zhou, Lei Chen, Jieping Ye, Ke Xu
A Unified Approach To Route Planning For Shared Mobility, Yongxin Tong, Yuxiang Zeng, Zimu Zhou, Lei Chen, Jieping Ye, Ke Xu
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
There has been a dramatic growth of shared mobility applications such as ride-sharing, food delivery and crowdsourced parcel delivery. Shared mobility refers to transportation services that are shared among users, where a central issue is route planning. Given a set of workers and requests, route planning finds for each worker a route, i.e., a sequence of locations to pick up and drop off passengers/parcels that arrive from time to time, with different optimization objectives. Previous studies lack practicability due to their conflicted objectives and inefficiency in inserting a new request into a route, a basic operation called insertion. In this …
Stackelberg Security Games: Looking Beyond A Decade Of Success, Arunesh Sinha, Fei Fang, Bo An, Christopher Kiekintveld, Milind Tambe
Stackelberg Security Games: Looking Beyond A Decade Of Success, Arunesh Sinha, Fei Fang, Bo An, Christopher Kiekintveld, Milind Tambe
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
The Stackelberg Security Game (SSG) model has been immensely influential in security research since it was introduced roughly a decade ago. Furthermore, deployed SSG-based applications are one of most successful examples of game theory applications in the real world. We present a broad survey of recent technical advances in SSG and related literature, and then look to the future by highlighting the new potential applications and open research problems in SSG.