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Full-Text Articles in Information Security

Covid-19 And Biocybersecurity's Increasing Role On Defending Forward, Xavier Palmer, Lucas N. Potter, Saltuk Karahan Jan 2021

Covid-19 And Biocybersecurity's Increasing Role On Defending Forward, Xavier Palmer, Lucas N. Potter, Saltuk Karahan

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The evolving nature of warfare has been changing with cybersecurity and the use of advanced biotechnology in each aspect of the society is expanding and overlapping with the cyberworld. This intersection, which has been described as “biocybersecurity” (BCS), can become a major front of the 21st-century conflicts. There are three lines of BCS which make it a critical component of overall cybersecurity: (1) cyber operations within the area of BCS have life threatening consequences to a greater extent than other cyber operations, (2) the breach in health-related personal data is a significant tool for fatal attacks, and (3) health-related misinformation …


Biocybersecurity: A Converging Threat As An Auxiliary To War, Lucas Potter, Orlando Ayala, Xavier-Lewis Palmer Jan 2021

Biocybersecurity: A Converging Threat As An Auxiliary To War, Lucas Potter, Orlando Ayala, Xavier-Lewis Palmer

Engineering Technology Faculty Publications

Biodefense is the discipline of ensuring biosecurity with respect to select groups of organisms and limiting their spread. This field has increasingly been challenged by novel threats from nature that have been weaponized such as SARS, Anthrax, and similar pathogens, but has emerged victorious through collaboration of national and world health groups. However, it may come under additional stress in the 21st century as the field intersects with the cyberworld-- a world where governments have already been struggling to keep up with cyber attacks from small to state-level actors as cyberthreats have been relied on to level the playing field …


Matters Of Biocybersecurity With Consideration To Propaganda Outlets And Biological Agents, Xavier-Lewis Palmer, Ernestine Powell, Lucas Potter, Thaddeus Eze (Ed.), Lee Speakman (Ed.), Cyril Onwubiko (Ed.) Jan 2021

Matters Of Biocybersecurity With Consideration To Propaganda Outlets And Biological Agents, Xavier-Lewis Palmer, Ernestine Powell, Lucas Potter, Thaddeus Eze (Ed.), Lee Speakman (Ed.), Cyril Onwubiko (Ed.)

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The modern era holds vast modalities in human data utilization. Within Biocybersecurity (BCS), categories of biological information, especially medical information transmitted online, can be viewed as pathways to destabilize organizations. Therefore, analysis of how the public, along with medical providers, process such data, and the methods by which false information, particularly propaganda, can be used to upset the flow of verified information to populations of medical professionals, is important for maintenance of public health. Herein, we discuss some interplay of BCS within the scope of propaganda and considerations for navigating the field.


Using Eye-Gaze To Evaluate Neural Attention, Shahansha Salim Dec 2020

Using Eye-Gaze To Evaluate Neural Attention, Shahansha Salim

Master’s Dissertations

The ability to selectively concentrate on areas of interest while ignoring the rest is termed as attention in human beings. This ability has played a key role in survival as well as information processing. Neural Attention is said to be an effort to bring similar action of selectively concentrating areas of relevance in deep neural networks. This simple yet powerful concept has attracted a lot of research in recent years, yielding breakthrough results in Natural Language Processing (NLP) problems and main stream Computer Vision problems such as Image Caption Generation, Neural Machine Translation (NMT), Visual Question Answering (VQA), Action Recognition, …


Multi-User Verifiable Searchable Symmetric Encryption For Cloud Storage, Xueqiao Liu, Guomin Yang, Guomin Yang Nov 2020

Multi-User Verifiable Searchable Symmetric Encryption For Cloud Storage, Xueqiao Liu, Guomin Yang, Guomin Yang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In a cloud data storage system, symmetric key encryption is usually used to encrypt files due to its high efficiency. In order allow the untrusted/semi-trusted cloud storage server to perform searching over encrypted data while maintaining data confidentiality, searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) has been proposed. In a typical SSE scheme, a users stores encrypted files on a cloud storage server and later can retrieve the encrypted files containing specific keywords. The basic security requirement of SSE is that the cloud server learns no information about the files or the keywords during the searching process. Some SSE schemes also offer additional …


Cybersecurity Strategy Against Cyber Attacks Towards Smart Grids With Pvs, Fangyu Li, Maria Valero, Liang Zhao, Yousef Mahmoud Oct 2020

Cybersecurity Strategy Against Cyber Attacks Towards Smart Grids With Pvs, Fangyu Li, Maria Valero, Liang Zhao, Yousef Mahmoud

KSU Proceedings on Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice

Cyber attacks threaten the security of distribution power grids, such as smart grids. The emerging renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics (PVs) with power electronics controllers introduce new potential vulnerabilities. Based on the electric waveform data measured by waveform sensors in the smart grids, we propose a novel cyber attack detection and identification approach. Firstly, we analyze the cyber attack impacts (including cyber attacks on the solar inverter causing unusual harmonics) on electric waveforms in distribution power grids. Then, we propose a novel deep learning based mechanism including attack detection and attack diagnosis. By leveraging the electric waveform sensor data …


Integrated Cyberattack Detection And Resilient Control Strategies Using Lyapunov-Based Economic Model Predictive Control, Henrique Oyama, Helen Durand Oct 2020

Integrated Cyberattack Detection And Resilient Control Strategies Using Lyapunov-Based Economic Model Predictive Control, Henrique Oyama, Helen Durand

Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Faculty Research Publications

The use of an integrated system framework, characterized by numerous cyber/physical components (sensor measurements, signals to actuators) connected through wired/wireless networks, has not only increased the ability to control industrial systems, but also the vulnerabilities to cyberattacks. State measurement cyberattacks could pose threats to process control systems since feedback control may be lost if the attack policy is not thwarted. Motivated by this, we propose three detection concepts based on Lyapunov‐based economic model predictive control (LEMPC) for nonlinear systems. The first approach utilizes randomized modifications to an LEMPC formulation online to potentially detect cyberattacks. The second method detects attacks when …


Memory Foreshadow: Memory Forensics Of Hardware Cryptocurrency Wallets – A Tool And Visualization Framework, Tyler Thomas, Mathew Piscitelli, Ilya Shavrov, Ibrahim Baggili Sep 2020

Memory Foreshadow: Memory Forensics Of Hardware Cryptocurrency Wallets – A Tool And Visualization Framework, Tyler Thomas, Mathew Piscitelli, Ilya Shavrov, Ibrahim Baggili

Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

We present Memory FORESHADOW: Memory FOREnSics of HArDware cryptOcurrency Wallets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the primary account of cryptocurrency hardware wallet client memory forensics. Our exploratory analysis revealed forensically relevant data in memory including transaction history, extended public keys, passphrases, and unique device identifiers. Data extracted with FORESHADOW can be used to associate a hardware wallet with a computer and allow an observer to deanonymize all past and future transactions due to hierarchical deterministic wallet address derivation. Additionally, our novel visualization framework enabled us to measure both the persistence and integrity of artifacts produced by the …


Exploring The Learning Efficacy Of Digital Forensics Concepts And Bagging & Tagging Of Digital Devices In Immersive Virtual Reality, Courtney Hassenfeldt, Jillian Jacques, Ibrahim Baggili Sep 2020

Exploring The Learning Efficacy Of Digital Forensics Concepts And Bagging & Tagging Of Digital Devices In Immersive Virtual Reality, Courtney Hassenfeldt, Jillian Jacques, Ibrahim Baggili

Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

This work presents the first account of evaluating learning inside a VR experience created to teach Digital Forensics (DF) concepts, and a hands-on laboratory exercise in Bagging & Tagging a crime scene with digital devices. First, we designed and developed an immersive VR experience which included a lecture and a lab. Next, we tested it with (n = 57) participants in a controlled experiment where they were randomly assigned to a VR group or a physical group. Both groups were subjected to the same lecture and lab, but one was in VR and the other was in the real world. …


Efficient Fine-Grained Data Sharing Mechanism For Electronic Medical Record Systems With Mobile Devices, Hui Ma, Rui Zhang, Guomin Yang, Zishuai Zong, Kai He, Yuting Xiao Sep 2020

Efficient Fine-Grained Data Sharing Mechanism For Electronic Medical Record Systems With Mobile Devices, Hui Ma, Rui Zhang, Guomin Yang, Zishuai Zong, Kai He, Yuting Xiao

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Sharing digital medical records on public cloud storage via mobile devices facilitates patients (doctors) to get (offer) medical treatment of high quality and efficiency. However, challenges such as data privacy protection, flexible data sharing, efficient authority delegation, computation efficiency optimization, are remaining toward achieving practical fine-grained access control in the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system. In this work, we propose an innovative access control model and a fine-grained data sharing mechanism for EMR, which simultaneously achieves the above-mentioned features and is suitable for resource-constrained mobile devices. In the model, complex computation is outsourced to public cloud servers, leaving almost no …


Snitch Application: Addressing Cyber Trust In Future Living Spaces, Russell Moore Aug 2020

Snitch Application: Addressing Cyber Trust In Future Living Spaces, Russell Moore

Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase

The future of smart homes is filled with excitement and ample opportunity to live in an environment that features extraordinary convenience and energy efficiency. Devices such as Amazon Alexa and Roku Smart TV’s feature voice interaction options that provide the user with enhanced functionality. While voice-activated devices are accommodating, it is imperative to acknowledge how they work on the backend. The problem is that these devices collect and share a large amount of data from users who are oftentimes unaware that it’s even happening. The Snitch App is being developed in order to inform the user of what exactly is …


Cyber-Assets At Risk (Car): Monetary Impact Of Personally Identifiable Information Data Breaches On Companies, Omer Ilker Poyraz Aug 2020

Cyber-Assets At Risk (Car): Monetary Impact Of Personally Identifiable Information Data Breaches On Companies, Omer Ilker Poyraz

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Cyber-systems provide convenience, ubiquity, economic advantage, and higher efficiency to both individuals and organizations. However, vulnerabilities of the cyber domain also offer malicious actors with the opportunities to compromise the most sensitive information. Recent cybersecurity incidents show that a group of hackers can cause a massive data breach, resulting in companies losing competitive advantage, reputation, and money. Governments have since taken some actions in protecting individuals and companies from such crime by authorizing federal agencies and developing regulations. To protect the public from losing their most sensitive records, governments have also been compelling companies to follow cybersecurity regulations. If companies …


Human Behavior Is A Significant Flaw In Maintaining Cyber Security, Elizabeth Jackson Jul 2020

Human Behavior Is A Significant Flaw In Maintaining Cyber Security, Elizabeth Jackson

Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase

Human behavior and data security utilization must be intertwined; in order to mitigate the negative effects of cyber attacks. No consumer wants their data hacked, breached, stolen, shared or wiped out. It is imperative to survey the type of education is needed to keep users safe and interested in securing their data. This can be done by simply seeking out the consumer's view of data security. The information obtained would allow the cybersecurity community to offer a simple way for consumers to protect their mobile data. There is a constant interaction between human behavior and the need for increased data …


Side-Channel Power Resistance For Encryption Algorithms Using Implementation Diversity, Ivan M. Bow May 2020

Side-Channel Power Resistance For Encryption Algorithms Using Implementation Diversity, Ivan M. Bow

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

This thesis paper investigates countermeasures to hardware side-channel attacks and proposes a new solution to this ever growing threat against data integrity and security. The side-channel attack methods, differential power analysis and correlation power analysis, are both very powerful techniques and are used to gain access to secrets inside of a field programmable gate array that are otherwise inaccessible, in particular the cryptographic key for the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm. To counter these attacks, we propose a method of changing the internal hardware configuration of the field programmable gate array using dynamic partial reconfiguration. Using this method, we change the …


Exploring Attacks And Defenses In Additive Manufacturing Processes: Implications In Cyber-Physical Security, Nicholas Deily May 2020

Exploring Attacks And Defenses In Additive Manufacturing Processes: Implications In Cyber-Physical Security, Nicholas Deily

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Many industries are rapidly adopting additive manufacturing (AM) because of the added versatility this technology offers over traditional manufacturing techniques. But with AM, there comes a unique set of security challenges that must be addressed. In particular, the issue of part verification is critically important given the growing reliance of safety-critical systems on 3D printed parts. In this thesis, the current state of part verification technologies will be examined in the con- text of AM-specific geometric-modification attacks, and an automated tool for 3D printed part verification will be presented. This work will cover: 1) the impacts of malicious attacks on …


Mitigating Safety Concerns And Profit/Production Losses For Chemical Process Control Systems Under Cyberattacks Via Design/Control Methods, Helen Durand, Matthew Wegener Apr 2020

Mitigating Safety Concerns And Profit/Production Losses For Chemical Process Control Systems Under Cyberattacks Via Design/Control Methods, Helen Durand, Matthew Wegener

Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Faculty Research Publications

One of the challenges for chemical processes today, from a safety and profit standpoint, is the potential that cyberattacks could be performed on components of process control systems. Safety issues could be catastrophic; however, because the nonlinear systems definition of a cyberattack has similarities to a nonlinear systems definition of faults, many processes have already been instrumented to handle various problematic input conditions. Also challenging is the question of how to design a system that is resilient to attacks attempting to impact the production volumes or profits of a company. In this work, we explore a process/equipment design framework for …


Attribute-Based Cloud Data Integrity Auditing For Secure Outsourced Storage, Yong Yu, Yannan Li, Bo Yang, Willy Susilo, Guomin Yang, Jian Bai Apr 2020

Attribute-Based Cloud Data Integrity Auditing For Secure Outsourced Storage, Yong Yu, Yannan Li, Bo Yang, Willy Susilo, Guomin Yang, Jian Bai

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Outsourced storage such as cloud storage can significantly reduce the burden of data management of data owners. Despite of a long list of merits of cloud storage, it triggers many security risks at the same time. Data integrity, one of the most burning challenges in secure cloud storage, is a fundamental and pivotal element in outsourcing services. Outsourced data auditing protocols enable a verifier to efficiently check the integrity of the outsourced files without downloading the entire file from the cloud, which can dramatically reduce the communication overhead between the cloud server and the verifier. Existing protocols are mostly based …


Geopolitics And The Digital Domain: How Cyberspace Is Impacting International Security, Georgia Wood Apr 2020

Geopolitics And The Digital Domain: How Cyberspace Is Impacting International Security, Georgia Wood

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The digital domain is the emerging environment for which the internet and data connectivity exists. This new domain is challenging the traditional place for geopolitics to exist, and creating new challenges to international relations. The use of cyberweapons through direct cyberattacks, such as the possibility of an attack on the U.S. power grid, or misinformation campaigns, such as the one launched by Russia against the 2016 U.S. Presidential election, can expand the international threat landscape. While these new threats increase, states are widely not prepared to address the new challenges in the digital domain. This paper will use three primary …


Near Real-Time Zigbee Device Discrimination Using Cb-Dna Features, Yousuke Z. Matsui Mar 2020

Near Real-Time Zigbee Device Discrimination Using Cb-Dna Features, Yousuke Z. Matsui

Theses and Dissertations

Currently, Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPAN) based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.4 standard are at risk due to open-source tools which allow bad actors to exploit unauthorized network access through various cyberattacks by falsifying bit-level credentials. This research investigates implementing a Radio Frequency (RF) air monitor to perform Near RealTime (NRT) discrimination of Zigbee devices using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The air monitor employed a Multiple Discriminant Analysis/Euclidean Distance classifier to discriminate Zigbee devices based upon Constellation-Based Distinct Native Attribute (CB-DNA) fingerprints. Through the use of CB-DNA fingerprints, Physical Layer (PHY) characteristics unique to …


Developing A Serious Game To Explore Joint All Domain Command And Control, Nathaniel W. Flack Mar 2020

Developing A Serious Game To Explore Joint All Domain Command And Control, Nathaniel W. Flack

Theses and Dissertations

Changes in the geopolitical landscape and increasing technological complexity have prompted the U.S. Military to coin Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) and Joint All-Domain Command and Control as terms to describe an over-arching strategy that frames the complexity of warfare across both traditional and emerging warfighting domains. Teaching new and advanced concepts associated with these terms requires both innovation as well as distinct education and training tools in order to realize the cultural change advocated by senior military leaders. BSN, a Collectible Card Game, was developed to teach concepts integral to MDO and initiate discussion on military strategy.


All You Need To Know About Cybersecurity Ever! In 45 Minutes, Joe Beckman Mar 2020

All You Need To Know About Cybersecurity Ever! In 45 Minutes, Joe Beckman

Purdue Road School

This session will cover the information every local government official needs to know to keep their data safe from hackers.


Cyber Risk Assessment And Scoring Model For Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Dillon M. Pettit Mar 2020

Cyber Risk Assessment And Scoring Model For Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Dillon M. Pettit

Theses and Dissertations

The commercial-off-the-shelf small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) market is expanding rapidly in response to interest from hobbyists, commercial businesses, and military operators. The core commercial mission set directly relates to many current military requirements and strategies, with a priority on short range, low cost, real time aerial imaging, and limited modular payloads. These small vehicles present small radar cross sections, low heat signatures, and carry a variety of sensors and payloads. As with many new technologies, security seems secondary to the goal of reaching the market as soon as innovation is viable. Research indicates a growth in exploits and vulnerabilities …


Interoperable Ads-B Confidentiality, Brandon C. Burfeind Mar 2020

Interoperable Ads-B Confidentiality, Brandon C. Burfeind

Theses and Dissertations

The worldwide air traffic infrastructure is in the late stages of transition from legacy transponder systems to Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) based systems. ADS-B relies on position information from GNSS and requires aircraft to transmit their identification, state, and position. ADS-B promises the availability of high-fidelity air traffic information; however, position and identification data are not secured via authentication or encryption. This lack of security for ADS-B allows non-participants to observe and collect data on both government and private flight activity. This is a proposal for a lightweight, interoperable ADS-B confidentiality protocol which uses existing format preserving encryption …


Topical Review Of Vulnerability Management For Local Hampton Roads Industry, Gregory W. Hubbard Jr., Matthew Eunice Jan 2020

Topical Review Of Vulnerability Management For Local Hampton Roads Industry, Gregory W. Hubbard Jr., Matthew Eunice

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

The progress towards an interconnected digital world offers an exciting level of advancement for humanity. Unfortunately, this “online” connection is not safe from the threats and dangers typically associated with physical operations. With the foundation of Cyber Command of DoD cyberspace, the United States Government is taking a prominent stance in cyberspace operations. Like the federal government, both industries and individuals are not immune and are oftentimes unknowingly at risk to cyberattack. This report hopes to bring awareness to common vulnerabilities in multi-user networks by describing a historical background on cyber security as well as outlining current methods of vulnerability …


Iot Devices In The Public Health Sector, Cayla Young Jan 2020

Iot Devices In The Public Health Sector, Cayla Young

Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase

In this research, proper attention is drawn to privacy and security concerns with the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the public health sector. Often, not much attention is given to IoT devices and its vulnerabilities concerning the medical industry. Effects of COVID-19 contact tracing applications are explored through research of various source types. Mitigation techniques for these privacy and security issues is given. Focus is brought to topics outlining the risks associated with genetic testing companies and the vulnerabilities of data collection and data storage. Recommendations are provided to help consumers avoid these risks. Lastly, a comprehensive …


Technological Challenges And Innovations In Cybersecurity And Networking Technology Program, Syed R. Zaidi, Ajaz Sana, Aparicio Carranza Jan 2020

Technological Challenges And Innovations In Cybersecurity And Networking Technology Program, Syed R. Zaidi, Ajaz Sana, Aparicio Carranza

Publications and Research

This era is posing a unique challenge to the Cybersecurity and related Engineering Technology areas, stimulated by the multifaceted technological boom expressed in accelerated globalization, digital transformation, the cloud, mobile access apps, and the Internet of Things (IoT)—where more and more devices are connected to the Internet every day. As the use of new Internet-based technologies increase; so does the risk of theft and misuse of sensitive information. This demands the awareness of cyber-criminality and the need for cyber hygiene in corporations, small businesses, and the government. As the need for experienced cybersecurity specialists has skyrocketed in recent years and …


Cybersecurity Education Through Technological And Engineering Literacy Standards, Philip A. Reed, Steven A. Barbato Jan 2020

Cybersecurity Education Through Technological And Engineering Literacy Standards, Philip A. Reed, Steven A. Barbato

STEMPS Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Quantum Computing: Principles And Applications, Yoshito Kanamori, Seong-Moo Yoo Jan 2020

Quantum Computing: Principles And Applications, Yoshito Kanamori, Seong-Moo Yoo

Journal of International Technology and Information Management

The development of quantum computers over the past few years is probably one of the significant advancements in the history of quantum computing. D-Wave quantum computer has been available for more than eight years. IBM has made its quantum computer accessible via its cloud service. Also, Microsoft, Google, Intel, and NASA have been heavily investing in the development of quantum computers and their applications. The quantum computer seems to be no longer just for physicists and computer scientists but also for information system researchers. This paper introduces the basic concepts of quantum computing and describes well-known quantum applications for non-physicists. …


Smart Factories, Dumb Policy? Managing Cybersecurity And Data Privacy Risks In The Industrial Internet Of Things, Scott J. Shackelford Dec 2019

Smart Factories, Dumb Policy? Managing Cybersecurity And Data Privacy Risks In The Industrial Internet Of Things, Scott J. Shackelford

Minnesota Journal of Law, Science & Technology

No abstract provided.


Adversarial Attack On Neural Machine Translation System, Abijith K. P. Dec 2019

Adversarial Attack On Neural Machine Translation System, Abijith K. P.

Master’s Dissertations

Nowadays Deep Neural Network based solutions are deployed to solve numerous tasks. Thus, it has become absolutely important to study the robustness of these systems. Machine Translation is one of the popular applications of Deep Neural Networks. This thesis studies the robustness of Neural Machine Translation systems by generating adversarial examples with the objective to fool the model. Whenever there is a change in the source, i.e. when a word in the input sentence is replaced by an unrelated word, the translation system is supposed to reflect the changes while doing translation. These unwanted invariance learned by the model is …