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2023

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Articles 61 - 90 of 386

Full-Text Articles in Databases and Information Systems

A Black-Box Attack On Code Models Via Representation Nearest Neighbor Search, Jie Zhang, Wei Ma, Qiang Hu, Shangqing Liu, Xiaofei Xie, Yves Le Traon, Yang Liu Dec 2023

A Black-Box Attack On Code Models Via Representation Nearest Neighbor Search, Jie Zhang, Wei Ma, Qiang Hu, Shangqing Liu, Xiaofei Xie, Yves Le Traon, Yang Liu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Existing methods for generating adversarial code examples face several challenges: limted availability of substitute variables, high verification costs for these substitutes, and the creation of adversarial samples with noticeable perturbations. To address these concerns, our proposed approach, RNNS, uses a search seed based on historical attacks to find potential adversarial substitutes. Rather than directly using the discrete substitutes, they are mapped to a continuous vector space using a pre-trained variable name encoder. Based on the vector representation, RNNS predicts and selects better substitutes for attacks. We evaluated the performance of RNNS across six coding tasks encompassing three programming languages: Java, …

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Combat Covid-19 At National Level Using Risk Stratification With Appropriate Intervention, Xuan Jin, Kar Way Tan Dec 2023

Combat Covid-19 At National Level Using Risk Stratification With Appropriate Intervention, Xuan Jin, Kar Way Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In the national battle against COVID-19, harnessing population-level big data is imperative, enabling authorities to devise effective care policies, allocate healthcare resources efficiently, and enact targeted interventions. Singapore adopted the Home Recovery Programme (HRP) in September 2021, diverting low-risk COVID-19 patients to home care to ease hospital burdens amid high vaccination rates and mild symptoms. While a patient's suitability for HRP could be assessed using broad-based criteria, integrating machine learning (ML) model becomes invaluable for identifying high-risk patients prone to severe illness, facilitating early medical assessment. Most prior studies have traditionally depended on clinical and laboratory data, necessitating initial clinic …

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Extending The Horizon By Empowering Government Customer Service Officers With Acqar For Enhanced Citizen Service Delivery, Hui Shan Lee, Shankararaman, Venky, Eng Lieh Ouh Dec 2023

Extending The Horizon By Empowering Government Customer Service Officers With Acqar For Enhanced Citizen Service Delivery, Hui Shan Lee, Shankararaman, Venky, Eng Lieh Ouh

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

A previous study on the use of the Empath library in the prediction of Service Level Agreements (SLA) reveals the quality levels required for meaningful interaction between government customer service officers and citizens. On the other hand, past implementation of the Citizen Question-Answer system (CQAS), a type of Question-Answer model, suggests that such models if put in place can empower government customer service officers to reply faster and better with recommended answers. This study builds upon the research outcomes from both arenas of studies and introduces an innovative system design that allows the officers to incorporate the outputs from Empath …

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Prompting And Evaluating Large Language Models For Proactive Dialogues: Clarification, Target-Guided, And Non-Collaboration, Yang Deng, Lizi Liao, Liang Chen, Hongru Wang, Wenqiang Lei, Tat-Seng Chua Dec 2023

Prompting And Evaluating Large Language Models For Proactive Dialogues: Clarification, Target-Guided, And Non-Collaboration, Yang Deng, Lizi Liao, Liang Chen, Hongru Wang, Wenqiang Lei, Tat-Seng Chua

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Conversational systems based on Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, show exceptional proficiency in context understanding and response generation. However, they still possess limitations, such as failing to ask clarifying questions to ambiguous queries or refuse users' unreasonable requests, both of which are considered as key aspects of a conversational agent's proactivity. This raises the question of whether LLM-based conversational systems are equipped to handle proactive dialogue problems. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of LLM-based conversational systems, specifically focusing on three key aspects of proactive dialogues: clarification, target-guided, and non-collaborative dialogues. To trigger the proactivity of …

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Beyond Factuality: A Comprehensive Evaluation Of Large Language Models As Knowledge Generators, Liang Chen, Yang Deng, Yatao Bian, Zeyu Qin, Bingzhe Wu, Tat-Seng Chua, Kam-Fai Wong Dec 2023

Beyond Factuality: A Comprehensive Evaluation Of Large Language Models As Knowledge Generators, Liang Chen, Yang Deng, Yatao Bian, Zeyu Qin, Bingzhe Wu, Tat-Seng Chua, Kam-Fai Wong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Large language models (LLMs) outperform information retrieval techniques for downstream knowledge-intensive tasks when being prompted to generate world knowledge. Yet, community concerns abound regarding the factuality and potential implications of using this uncensored knowledge. In light of this, we introduce CONNER, a COmpreheNsive kNowledge Evaluation fRamework, designed to systematically and automatically evaluate generated knowledge from six important perspectives - Factuality, Relevance, Coherence, Informativeness, Helpfulness and Validity. We conduct an extensive empirical analysis of the generated knowledge from three different types of LLMs on two widely-studied knowledge-intensive tasks, i.e., open-domain question answering and knowledge-grounded dialogue. Surprisingly, our study reveals that the …

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Depwignn: A Depth-Wise Graph Neural Network For Multi-Hop Spatial Reasoning In Text, Shuaiyi Li, Yang Deng, Wai Lam Dec 2023

Depwignn: A Depth-Wise Graph Neural Network For Multi-Hop Spatial Reasoning In Text, Shuaiyi Li, Yang Deng, Wai Lam

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Spatial reasoning in text plays a crucial role in various real-world applications. Existing approaches for spatial reasoning typically infer spatial relations from pure text, which overlook the gap between natural language and symbolic structures. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have showcased exceptional proficiency in inducing and aggregating symbolic structures. However, classical GNNs face challenges in handling multi-hop spatial reasoning due to the over-smoothing issue, i.e., the performance decreases substantially as the number of graph layers increases. To cope with these challenges, we propose a novel Depth-Wise Graph Neural Network (DepWiGNN). Specifically, we design a novel node memory scheme and aggregate the …

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Cue-Cot: Chain-Of-Thought Prompting For Responding To In-Depth Dialogue Questions With Llms, Hongru Wang, Rui Wang, Fei Mi, Yang Deng, Zezhong Wang, Bin Liang, Ruifeng Xu, Kam-Fai Wong Dec 2023

Cue-Cot: Chain-Of-Thought Prompting For Responding To In-Depth Dialogue Questions With Llms, Hongru Wang, Rui Wang, Fei Mi, Yang Deng, Zezhong Wang, Bin Liang, Ruifeng Xu, Kam-Fai Wong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, greatly empower dialogue systems with strong language understanding and generation capabilities. However, most of the previous works prompt the LLMs to directly generate a response based on the dialogue context, overlooking the underlying linguistic cues about the user status exhibited in the context. Such in-depth dialogue scenarios are challenging for existing LLMs to figure out the user’s hidden needs and respond satisfactorily through a single-step inference. To this end, we propose a novel linguistic cue-based chain-of-thoughts (Cue-CoT), which enhances the LLMs inference with an intermediate reasoning step to find cues exhibited in the …

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Customer Cybersecurity And Supplier Cost Management Strategy, Xu Yang, Peng Liang, Nan Hu, Fujing Xue Dec 2023

Customer Cybersecurity And Supplier Cost Management Strategy, Xu Yang, Peng Liang, Nan Hu, Fujing Xue

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we explore the spillover effect of customer firms’ data breaches on their upstream supplier firms’ cost management strategies, proxied by cost stickiness. Our primary analyses suggest that data breaches suffered by customer firms are associated with a decrease in cost stickiness among supplier firms. Furthermore, the reductions in supplier cost stickiness are stronger if suppliers are managed by CEOs from national cultural groups with high uncertainty avoidance, low long-term orientations, and/or low individualism. In sum, the findings contribute to both Information Systems (IS) and Operations Management (OM) disciplines in terms of data breach, cost management strategy, and …

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Localization Of Gamma-Ray Bursts In A Balloon-Borne Telescope, Ye Htet, Marion Sudvarg, Jeremy Buhler, Roger Chamberlain, James Buckley Nov 2023

Localization Of Gamma-Ray Bursts In A Balloon-Borne Telescope, Ye Htet, Marion Sudvarg, Jeremy Buhler, Roger Chamberlain, James Buckley

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Multi-messenger astrophysics combines observations from multiple instruments to study transient astrophysical phenomena, many occurring at seconds-level timescales. To identify and precisely localize these events in the sky, current systems often search through extensive sensor data, requiring resource-intensive computation to achieve results on the timescale of the events themselves. We seek to reduce computational requirements so as to perform real-time event localization with limited computational resources suitable for an orbital platform. This work studies the performance of a computational pipeline for real-time gamma-ray burst (GRB) detection and localization aboard the Antarctic Demonstrator for the Advanced Particle-astro-physics Telescope (ADAPT), a balloon-borne prototype …

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Uavs And Deep Neural Networks: An Alternative Approach To Monitoring Waterfowl At The Site Level, Zachary J. Loken Nov 2023

Uavs And Deep Neural Networks: An Alternative Approach To Monitoring Waterfowl At The Site Level, Zachary J. Loken

LSU Master's Theses

Understanding how waterfowl respond to habitat restoration and management activities is crucial for evaluating and refining conservation delivery programs. However, site-specific waterfowl monitoring is challenging, especially in heavily forested systems such as the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV)—a primary wintering region for ducks in North America. I hypothesized that using uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) coupled with deep learning-based methods for object detection would provide an efficient and effective means for surveying non-breeding waterfowl on difficult-to-access restored wetland sites. Accordingly, during the winters of 2021 and 2022, I surveyed wetland restoration easements in the MAV using a UAV equipped with a dual …

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All Quiet On The Digital Front: The Unseen Psychological Impacts On Cybersecurity First Responders, Tammie R. Hollis Nov 2023

All Quiet On The Digital Front: The Unseen Psychological Impacts On Cybersecurity First Responders, Tammie R. Hollis

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Driven by the increasing frequency of cyberattacks and the existing talent gap between industry needs and skilled professionals, this research study focused on the crucial human element in the domain of cybersecurity incident response. The objective of this dissertation was to offer a meaningful exploration of the lived experiences encountered by cybersecurity incident responders and an assessment of the subsequent impacts on their well-being. Additionally, this study sought to draw comparisons between the experiences of cybersecurity incident responders and their counterparts in traditional emergency response roles. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a cohort of 22 individuals with first-hand experience working …

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Modelling Prediction Of Cities Real Estate Price Trend Using Recurrent Neural Network: A Case Of Dar Es Salaam City, Ellen Kalinga Nov 2023

Modelling Prediction Of Cities Real Estate Price Trend Using Recurrent Neural Network: A Case Of Dar Es Salaam City, Ellen Kalinga

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Real estate refers to a class of real property such as land and its associated infrastructure. The prediction of real estate prices in cities, which is affected by a number of parameters, is an open research problem. The lack of reliable and effective tools for price forecasting in real estate, especially in residential housing, can adversely affect investment flows and the growth of the real estate sector. Taking Tanzania as an example, the price prediction practices rely on human suggestions that are prone to personal bias and subjective to price hysteria for personal gain and impact consumer expectations. To address …

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Bridging Domain Gaps For Cross-Spectrum And Long-Range Face Recognition Using Domain Adaptive Machine Learning, Cedric Armel Nimpa Fondje Nov 2023

Bridging Domain Gaps For Cross-Spectrum And Long-Range Face Recognition Using Domain Adaptive Machine Learning, Cedric Armel Nimpa Fondje

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

Face recognition technology has witnessed significant advancements in recent decades, enabling its widespread adoption in various applications such as security, surveillance, and biometrics applications. However, one of the primary challenges faced by existing face recognition systems is their limited performance when presented with images from different modalities or domains( such as infrared to visible, long range to close range, nighttime to daytime, profile to f rontal, etc.) Additionally, advancements in camera sensors, analytics beyond the visible spectrum, and the increasing size of cross-modal datasets have led to a particular interest in cross-modal learning for face recognition in the biometrics and …

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Delivering Healthcare To The Underserved, Edward Booty Nov 2023

Delivering Healthcare To The Underserved, Edward Booty

Asian Management Insights

Non-profits, governments, and businesses need to come together and use a data-driven approach to improve local basic healthcare access.

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A Smart Chatbot System For Digitizing Service Management To Improve Business Continuity, Asraa Mohammed Albeshr Nov 2023

A Smart Chatbot System For Digitizing Service Management To Improve Business Continuity, Asraa Mohammed Albeshr

Theses

Chatbots, also called digital systems that require a natural language-based interface for user interaction, are increasingly being integrated into our daily lives. These chatbots respond intelligently to voice and text and function as sophisticated entities. Its functioning includes the recognition of multiple human languages through the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. These chatbots find applications in various areas such as e-commerce services, medical assistance, recommendation systems, and educational purposes. This reflects the versatility and widespread adoption of this technology. AI chatbots play a crucial role in improving IT support in IT Service Management (ITSM) for better business continuity. …

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Spatial Data Management For Green Mobility, Christophe Claramunt, Christine Bassem, Demetrios Zeinalipour-Yazti, Baihua Zheng, Goce Trajcevski, Kristian Torp Nov 2023

Spatial Data Management For Green Mobility, Christophe Claramunt, Christine Bassem, Demetrios Zeinalipour-Yazti, Baihua Zheng, Goce Trajcevski, Kristian Torp

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

While many countries are developing appropriate actions towards a greener future and moving towards adopting sustainable mobility activities, the real-time management and planning of innovative transportation facilities and services in urban environments still require the development of advanced mobile data management infrastructures. Novel green mobility solutions, such as electric, hybrid, solar and hydrogen vehicles, as well as public and gig-based transportation resources are very likely to reduce the carbon footprint. However, their successful implementation still needs efficient spatio-temporal data management resources and applications to provide a clear picture and demonstrate their effectiveness. This paper discusses the major data management challenges, …

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Leveraging Long Short-Term User Preference In Conversational Recommendation Via Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning, Yang Deng, Yaliang Li, Bolin Ding, Wai Lam Nov 2023

Leveraging Long Short-Term User Preference In Conversational Recommendation Via Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning, Yang Deng, Yaliang Li, Bolin Ding, Wai Lam

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Conversational recommender systems (CRS) endow traditional recommender systems with the capability of dynamically obtaining users’ short-term preferences for items and attributes through interactive dialogues. There are three core challenges for CRS, including the intelligent decisions for what attributes to ask, which items to recommend, and when to askor recommend, at each conversation turn. Previous methods mainly leverage reinforcement learning (RL) to learn conversational recommendation policies for solving one or two of these three decision-making problems in CRS with separated conversation and recommendation components. These approaches restrict the scalability and generality of CRS and fall short of preserving a stable training …

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Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering: A Survey, Yunshi Lan, Gaole He, Jinhao Jiang, Jing Jiang, Zhao Wayne Xin, Ji Rong Wen Nov 2023

Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering: A Survey, Yunshi Lan, Gaole He, Jinhao Jiang, Jing Jiang, Zhao Wayne Xin, Ji Rong Wen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Knowledge base question answering (KBQA) aims to answer a question over a knowledge base (KB). Early studies mainly focused on answering simple questions over KBs and achieved great success. However, their performances on complex questions are still far from satisfactory. Therefore, in recent years, researchers propose a large number of novel methods, which looked into the challenges of answering complex questions. In this survey, we review recent advances in KBQA with the focus on solving complex questions, which usually contain multiple subjects, express compound relations, or involve numerical operations. In detail, we begin with introducing the complex KBQA task and …

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Rethinking Conversational Agents In The Era Of Large Language Models: Proactivity, Non-Collaborativity, And Beyond, Yang Deng, Wenqiang Lei, Minlie Huang, Tat-Seng Chua Nov 2023

Rethinking Conversational Agents In The Era Of Large Language Models: Proactivity, Non-Collaborativity, And Beyond, Yang Deng, Wenqiang Lei, Minlie Huang, Tat-Seng Chua

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Conversational systems are designed to offer human users social support or functional services through natural language interactions. Typical conversation researches mainly focus on the response-ability of the system, such as dialogue context understanding and response generation. In the era of large language models (LLMs), LLM-augmented conversational systems showcase exceptional capabilities of responding to user queries for different language tasks. However, as LLMs are trained to follow users' instructions, LLM-augmented conversational systems typically overlook the design of an essential property in intelligent conversations, i.e., goal awareness. In this tutorial, we will introduce the recent advances on the design of agent's awareness …

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Multimodal Fashion Knowledge Extraction As Captioning, Yifei Yuan, Wenxuan Zhang, Yang Deng, Wai Lam Nov 2023

Multimodal Fashion Knowledge Extraction As Captioning, Yifei Yuan, Wenxuan Zhang, Yang Deng, Wai Lam

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Social media plays a significant role in boosting the fashion industry, where a massive amount of fashion-related posts are generated every day. In order to obtain the rich fashion information from the posts, we study the task of social media fashion knowledge extraction. Fashion knowledge, which typically consists of the occasion, person attributes, and fashion item information, can be effectively represented as a set of tuples. Most previous studies on fashion knowledge extraction are based on the fashion product images without considering the rich text information in social media posts. Existing work on fashion knowledge extraction in social media is …

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Disentangling Multi-View Representations Beyond Inductive Bias, Guanzhou Ke, Yang Yu, Guoqing Chao, Xiaoli Wang, Chenyang Xu, Shengfeng He Nov 2023

Disentangling Multi-View Representations Beyond Inductive Bias, Guanzhou Ke, Yang Yu, Guoqing Chao, Xiaoli Wang, Chenyang Xu, Shengfeng He

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Multi-view (or -modality) representation learning aims to understand the relationships between different view representations. Existing methods disentangle multi-view representations into consistent and view-specific representations by introducing strong inductive biases, which can limit their generalization ability. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-view representation disentangling method that aims to go beyond inductive biases, ensuring both interpretability and generalizability of the resulting representations. Our method is based on the observation that discovering multi-view consistency in advance can determine the disentangling information boundary, leading to a decoupled learning objective. We also found that the consistency can be easily extracted by maximizing the …

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Revisiting Disentanglement And Fusion On Modality And Context In Conversational Multimodal Emotion Recognition, Bobo Li, Hao Fei, Lizi Liao, Yu Zhao, Chong Teng, Tat-Seng Chua, Donghong Ji, Fei Li Nov 2023

Revisiting Disentanglement And Fusion On Modality And Context In Conversational Multimodal Emotion Recognition, Bobo Li, Hao Fei, Lizi Liao, Yu Zhao, Chong Teng, Tat-Seng Chua, Donghong Ji, Fei Li

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

It has been a hot research topic to enable machines to understand human emotions in multimodal contexts under dialogue scenarios, which is tasked with multimodal emotion analysis in conversation (MM-ERC). MM-ERC has received consistent attention in recent years, where a diverse range of methods has been proposed for securing better task performance. Most existing works treat MM-ERC as a standard multimodal classification problem and perform multimodal feature disentanglement and fusion for maximizing feature utility. Yet after revisiting the characteristic of MM-ERC, we argue that both the feature multimodality and conversational contextualization should be properly modeled simultaneously during the feature disentanglement …

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Laf: Labeling-Free Model Selection For Automated Deep Neural Network Reusing, Qiang Hu, Yuejun Guo, Xiaofei Xie, Maxime Cordy, Mike Papadakis, Yves Le Traon Nov 2023

Laf: Labeling-Free Model Selection For Automated Deep Neural Network Reusing, Qiang Hu, Yuejun Guo, Xiaofei Xie, Maxime Cordy, Mike Papadakis, Yves Le Traon

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

pplying deep learning (DL) to science is a new trend in recent years, which leads DL engineering to become an important problem. Although training data preparation, model architecture design, and model training are the normal processes to build DL models, all of them are complex and costly. Therefore, reusing the open-sourced pre-trained model is a practical way to bypass this hurdle for developers. Given a specific task, developers can collect massive pre-trained deep neural networks from public sources for reusing. However, testing the performance (e.g., accuracy and robustness) of multiple deep neural networks (DNNs) and recommending which model should be …

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Privacy-Preserving Bloom Filter-Based Keyword Search Over Large Encrypted Cloud Data, Yanrong Liang, Jianfeng Ma, Yinbin Miao, Da Kuang, Xiangdong Meng, Robert H. Deng Nov 2023

Privacy-Preserving Bloom Filter-Based Keyword Search Over Large Encrypted Cloud Data, Yanrong Liang, Jianfeng Ma, Yinbin Miao, Da Kuang, Xiangdong Meng, Robert H. Deng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

To achieve the search over encrypted data in cloud server, Searchable Encryption (SE) has attracted extensive attention from both academic and industrial fields. The existing Bloom filter-based SE schemes can achieve similarity search, but will generally incur high false positive rates, and even leak the privacy of values in Bloom filters (BF). To solve the above problems, we first propose a basic Privacy-preserving Bloom filter-based Keyword Search scheme using the Circular Shift and Coalesce-Bloom Filter (CSC-BF) and Symmetric-key Hidden Vector Encryption (SHVE) technology (namely PBKS), which can achieve effective search while protecting the values in BFs. Then, we design a …

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Followupqg: Towards Information-Seeking Follow-Up Question Generation, Yan Meng, Liangming Pan, Yixin Cao, Min-Yen Kan Nov 2023

Followupqg: Towards Information-Seeking Follow-Up Question Generation, Yan Meng, Liangming Pan, Yixin Cao, Min-Yen Kan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Humans ask follow-up questions driven by curiosity, which reflects a creative human cognitive process. We introduce the task of realworld information-seeking follow-up question generation (FQG), which aims to generate follow-up questions seeking a more in-depth understanding of an initial question and answer. We construct FOLLOWUPQG, a dataset1 of over 3K real-world (initial question, answer, follow-up question) tuples collected from a Reddit forum providing layman-friendly explanations for open-ended questions. In contrast to existing datasets, questions in FOLLOWUPQG use more diverse pragmatic strategies to seek information, and they also show higher-order cognitive skills (such as applying and relating). We evaluate current question …

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Typesqueezer: When Static Recovery Of Function Signatures For Binary Executables Meets Dynamic Analysis, Ziyi Lin, Jinku Li, Bowen Li, Haoyu Ma, Debin Gao, Jianfeng Ma Nov 2023

Typesqueezer: When Static Recovery Of Function Signatures For Binary Executables Meets Dynamic Analysis, Ziyi Lin, Jinku Li, Bowen Li, Haoyu Ma, Debin Gao, Jianfeng Ma

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Control-Flow Integrity (CFI) is considered a promising solutionin thwarting advanced code-reuse attacks. While the problem ofbackward-edge protection in CFI is nearly closed, effective forward-edge protection is still a major challenge. The keystone of protecting the forward edge is to resolve indirect call targets, which although can be done quite accurately using type-based solutionsgiven the program source code, it faces difficulties when carriedout at the binary level. Since the actual type information is unavailable in COTS binaries, type-based indirect call target matching typically resorts to approximate function signatures inferredusing the arity and argument width of indirect callsites and calltargets. Doing so …

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Opportunities For Spatial Database Research In The Context Of Preference Queries, Kyriakos Mouratidis Nov 2023

Opportunities For Spatial Database Research In The Context Of Preference Queries, Kyriakos Mouratidis

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This is the outline of the keynote speech at LocalRec@ACM SIGSPATIAL 2023. The main objective of the talk is to point out opportunities for spatial database researchers in the area of preference-based querying. We will commence with an overview of the standard queries for multi-objective decision making, and demonstrate their direct connection to recommendations and to market analysis. In this context, there is a number of specific decision criteria, and user preferences are represented as vectors with as many dimensions. We will demonstrate how and why this type of preferences are natural to actual applications and practical for the support …

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Faire: Repairing Fairness Of Neural Networks Via Neuron Condition Synthesis, Tianlin Li, Xiaofei Xie, Jian Wang, Qing Guo, Aishan Liu, Lei Ma, Yang Liu Nov 2023

Faire: Repairing Fairness Of Neural Networks Via Neuron Condition Synthesis, Tianlin Li, Xiaofei Xie, Jian Wang, Qing Guo, Aishan Liu, Lei Ma, Yang Liu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved tremendous success in many applications, while it has been demonstrated that DNNs can exhibit some undesirable behaviors on concerns such as robustness, privacy, and other trustworthiness issues. Among them, fairness (i.e., non-discrimination) is one important property, especially when they are applied to some sensitive applications (e.g., finance and employment). However, DNNs easily learn spurious correlations between protected attributes (e.g., age, gender, race) and the classification task and develop discriminatory behaviors if the training data is imbalanced. Such discriminatory decisions in sensitive applications would introduce severe social impacts. To expose potential discrimination problems in DNNs …

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Pro-Cap: Leveraging A Frozen Vision-Language Model For Hateful Meme Detection, Rui Cao, Ming Shan Hee, Adriel Kuek, Wen Haw Chong, Roy Ka-Wei Lee, Jing Jiang Nov 2023

Pro-Cap: Leveraging A Frozen Vision-Language Model For Hateful Meme Detection, Rui Cao, Ming Shan Hee, Adriel Kuek, Wen Haw Chong, Roy Ka-Wei Lee, Jing Jiang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Hateful meme detection is a challenging multimodal task that requires comprehension of both vision and language, as well as cross-modal interactions. Recent studies have tried to fine-tune pre-trained vision-language models (PVLMs) for this task. However, with increasing model sizes, it becomes important to leverage powerful PVLMs more efficiently, rather than simply fine-tuning them. Recently, researchers have attempted to convert meme images into textual captions and prompt language models for predictions. This approach has shown good performance but suffers from non-informative image captions. Considering the two factors mentioned above, we propose a probing-based captioning approach to leverage PVLMs in a zero-shot …

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Partial Annotation-Based Video Moment Retrieval Via Iterative Learning, Wei Ji, Renjie Liang, Lizi Liao, Hao Fei, Fuli Feng Nov 2023

Partial Annotation-Based Video Moment Retrieval Via Iterative Learning, Wei Ji, Renjie Liang, Lizi Liao, Hao Fei, Fuli Feng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Given a descriptive language query, Video Moment Retrieval (VMR) aims to seek the corresponding semantic-consistent moment clip in the video, which is represented as a pair of the start and end timestamps. Although current methods have achieved satisfying performance, training these models heavily relies on the fully-annotated VMR datasets. Nonetheless, precise video temporal annotations are extremely labor-intensive and ambiguous due to the diverse preferences of different annotators.Although there are several works trying to explore weakly supervised VMR tasks with scattered annotated frames as labels, there is still much room to improve in terms of accuracy. Therefore, we design a new …

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