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Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

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Full-Text Articles in Databases and Information Systems

Three Architectures For Trusted Data Dissemination In Edge Computing, Shen-Tat Goh, Hwee Hwa Pang, Robert H. Deng, Feng Bao Sep 2006

Three Architectures For Trusted Data Dissemination In Edge Computing, Shen-Tat Goh, Hwee Hwa Pang, Robert H. Deng, Feng Bao

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Edge computing pushes application logic and the underlying data to the edge of the network, with the aim of improving availability and scalability. As the edge servers are not necessarily secure, there must be provisions for users to validate the results—that values in the result tuples are not tampered with, that no qualifying data are left out, that no spurious tuples are introduced, and that a query result is not actually the output from a different query. This paper aims to address the challenges of ensuring data integrity in edge computing. We study three schemes that enable users to check …


Cuhk At Imageclef 2005: Cross-Language And Cross Media Image Retrieval, Steven Hoi, Jianke Zhu, Michael R. Lyu Sep 2006

Cuhk At Imageclef 2005: Cross-Language And Cross Media Image Retrieval, Steven Hoi, Jianke Zhu, Michael R. Lyu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we describe our studies of cross-language and cross-media image retrieval at the ImageCLEF 2005. This is the first participation of our CUHK (The Chinese University of Hong Kong) group at ImageCLEF. The task in which we participated is the “bilingual ad hoc retrieval” task. There are three major focuses and contributions in our participation. The first is the empirical evaluation of language models and smoothing strategies for cross-language image retrieval. The second is the evaluation of cross-media image retrieval, i.e., combining text and visual contents for image retrieval. The last is the evaluation of bilingual image retrieval …


Multi-Learner Based Recursive Supervised Training, Laxmi R. Iyer, Kiruthika Ramanathan, Sheng-Uei Guan Sep 2006

Multi-Learner Based Recursive Supervised Training, Laxmi R. Iyer, Kiruthika Ramanathan, Sheng-Uei Guan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we propose the multi-learner based recursive supervised training (MLRT) algorithm, which uses the existing framework of recursive task decomposition, by training the entire dataset, picking out the best learnt patterns, and then repeating the process with the remaining patterns. Instead of having a single learner to classify all datasets during each recursion, an appropriate learner is chosen from a set of three learners, based on the subset of data being trained, thereby avoiding the time overhead associated with the genetic algorithm learner utilized in previous approaches. In this way MLRT seeks to identify the inherent characteristics of …


Wireless Indoor Positioning System With Enhanced Nearest Neighbors In Signal Space Algorithm, Quang Tran, Juki Wirawan Tantra, Ah-Hwee Tan, Ah-Hwee Tan, Kin-Choong Yow, Dongyu Qiu Sep 2006

Wireless Indoor Positioning System With Enhanced Nearest Neighbors In Signal Space Algorithm, Quang Tran, Juki Wirawan Tantra, Ah-Hwee Tan, Ah-Hwee Tan, Kin-Choong Yow, Dongyu Qiu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

With the rapid development and wide deployment of wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), WLAN-based positioning system employing signal-strength-based technique has become an attractive solution for location estimation in indoor environment. In recent years, a number of such systems has been presented, and most of the systems use the common Nearest Neighbor in Signal Space (NNSS) algorithm. In this paper, we propose an enhancement to the NNSS algorithm. We analyze the enhancement to show its effectiveness. The performance of the enhanced NNSS algorithm is evaluated with different values of the parameters. Based on the performance evaluation and analysis, we recommend some …


Discovering Image-Text Associations For Cross-Media Web Information Fusion, Tao Jiang, Ah-Hwee Tan Sep 2006

Discovering Image-Text Associations For Cross-Media Web Information Fusion, Tao Jiang, Ah-Hwee Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The diverse and distributed nature of the information published on the World Wide Web has made it difficult to collate and track information related to specific topics. Whereas most existing work on web information fusion has focused on multiple document summarization, this paper presents a novel approach for discovering associations between images and text segments, which subsequently can be used to support cross-media web content summarization. Specifically, we employ a similarity-based multilingual retrieval model and adopt a vague transformation technique for measuring the information similarity between visual features and textual features. The experimental results on a terrorist domain document set …


Human-Computer Interaction Research In The Management Information Systems Discipline, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, Ping Zhang, Scott Mccoy, Munyong Yi Sep 2006

Human-Computer Interaction Research In The Management Information Systems Discipline, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, Ping Zhang, Scott Mccoy, Munyong Yi

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

No abstract provided.


Masking Page Reference Patterns In Encryption Databases On Untrusted Storage, Xi Ma, Hwee Hwa Pang, Kian-Lee Tan Sep 2006

Masking Page Reference Patterns In Encryption Databases On Untrusted Storage, Xi Ma, Hwee Hwa Pang, Kian-Lee Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

To support ubiquitous computing, the underlying data have to be persistent and available anywhere-anytime. The data thus have to migrate from devices that are local to individual computers, to shared storage volumes that are accessible over open network. This potentially exposes the data to heightened security risks. In particular, the activity on a database exhibits regular page reference patterns that could help attackers learn logical links among physical pages and then launch additional attacks. We propose two countermeasures to mitigate the risk of attacks initiated through analyzing the shared storage server’s activity for those page patterns. The first countermeasure relocates …


A Hybrid Architecture Combining Reactive Plan Execution And Reactive Learning, Samin Karim, Liz Sonenberg, Ah-Hwee Tan Aug 2006

A Hybrid Architecture Combining Reactive Plan Execution And Reactive Learning, Samin Karim, Liz Sonenberg, Ah-Hwee Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Developing software agents has been complicated by the problem of how knowledge should be represented and used. Many researchers have identified that agents need not require the use of complex representations, but in many cases suffice to use “the world” as their representation. However, the problem of introspection, both by the agents themselves and by (human) domain experts, requires a knowledge representation with a higher level of abstraction that is more ‘understandable’. Learning and adaptation in agents has traditionally required knowledge to be represented at an arbitrary, low-level of abstraction. We seek to create an agent that has the capability …


Use Of A Classroom Response System To Enhance Classroom Interactivity, Keng Siau, H. Sheng, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah Aug 2006

Use Of A Classroom Response System To Enhance Classroom Interactivity, Keng Siau, H. Sheng, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Classroom interactivity is a critical component of teaching and learning. This paper reports on the use of a classroom response system to enhance classroom interactivity in a systems analysis and design course. The success of the project was assessed using both quantitative and qualitative data. A pretest/posttest design was used to examine the effects of a classroom respons system on interactivity. The results show that a classroom response system can significantly improve classroom interactivity. Qualitative data was also collected to identify the strengths and weaknesses of using a classroom response system to enhance classroom interaction. Based on the quantitative and …


Collaborative Image Retrieval Via Regularized Metric Learning, Luo Si, Rong Jin, Steven C. H. Hoi, Michael R. Lyu Aug 2006

Collaborative Image Retrieval Via Regularized Metric Learning, Luo Si, Rong Jin, Steven C. H. Hoi, Michael R. Lyu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In content-based image retrieval (CBIR), relevant images are identified based on their similarities to query images. Most CBIR algorithms are hindered by the semantic gap between the low-level image features used for computing image similarity and the high-level semantic concepts conveyed in images. One way to reduce the semantic gap is to utilize the log data of users' feedback that has been collected by CBIR systems in history, which is also called “collaborative image retrieval.” In this paper, we present a novel metric learning approach, named “regularized metric learning,” for collaborative image retrieval, which learns a distance metric by exploring …


Learning The Unified Kernel Machines For Classification, Steven C. H. Hoi, Michael R. Lyu, Edward Y. Chang Aug 2006

Learning The Unified Kernel Machines For Classification, Steven C. H. Hoi, Michael R. Lyu, Edward Y. Chang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Kernel machines have been shown as the state-of-the-art learning techniques for classification. In this paper, we propose a novel general framework of learning the Unified Kernel Machines (UKM) from both labeled and unlabeled data. Our proposed framework integrates supervised learning, semi-supervised kernel learning, and active learning in a unified solution. In the suggested framework, we particularly focus our attention on designing a new semi-supervised kernel learning method, i.e., Spectral Kernel Learning (SKL), which is built on the principles of kernel target alignment and unsupervised kernel design. Our algorithm is related to an equivalent quadratic programming problem that can be efficiently …


Social Network Dynamics For Open Source Software Projects, Y. Long, Keng Siau Aug 2006

Social Network Dynamics For Open Source Software Projects, Y. Long, Keng Siau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Drawing on social network theories and previous studies, this research is an initial effort to explore the dynamics of the social network structure in Open Source Software (OSS) teams. Three projects were selected from SourceForge.net in term of their similarities as well as their differences. Monthly data were extracted from the bug tracking system in order to achieve a longitudinal view of the interaction pattern of each project. Social network analysis was used to generate the indices of network structure. The finding suggests that the interaction pattern of OSS projects evolves from a single hub at the beginning to a …


An Energy-Efficient And Access Latency Optimized Indexing Scheme For Wireless Data Broadcast, Yuxia Yao, Xueyan Tang, Ee Peng Lim, Aixin Sun Aug 2006

An Energy-Efficient And Access Latency Optimized Indexing Scheme For Wireless Data Broadcast, Yuxia Yao, Xueyan Tang, Ee Peng Lim, Aixin Sun

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Data broadcast is an attractive data dissemination method in mobile environments. To improve energy efficiency, existing air indexing schemes for data broadcast have focused on reducing tuning time only, i.e., the duration that a mobile client stays active in data accesses. On the other hand, existing broadcast scheduling schemes have aimed at reducing access latency through nonflat data broadcast to improve responsiveness only. Not much work has addressed the energy efficiency and responsiveness issues concurrently. This paper proposes an energy-efficient indexing scheme called MHash that optimizes tuning time and access latency in an integrated fashion. MHash reduces tuning time by …


Using Mobile Technology In Education: Perspectives Of Students And Instructors, H. Sheng, F. Nah, Keng Siau Aug 2006

Using Mobile Technology In Education: Perspectives Of Students And Instructors, H. Sheng, F. Nah, Keng Siau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Mobile technology has the tremendous potential in supporting and improving education and its delivery. As a new phenomenon that is gaining popularity, the values of mobile technology in education need to be better researched and understood. In this research, we used the Value-Focused Thinking approach to interview students and instructors to identify the values of education that are enabled by mobile technology. These values are represented in the form of a means-ends objective network that not only captures the values of education facilitated by mobile technology but also depicts the relationships between these values. The values of education enabled by …


An Experimental Study On U-Commerce Adoption: The Impact Of Personalization And Privacy Concerns, H. Sheng, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, Keng Siau Aug 2006

An Experimental Study On U-Commerce Adoption: The Impact Of Personalization And Privacy Concerns, H. Sheng, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, Keng Siau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

U-commerce represents “anytime, anywhere” commerce, which is believed to be the ultimate form of commerce. Ucommerce can provide a high level of personalization, which can bring additional benefits and values to customers. However, despite these promises and potential benefits, customers’ privacy is a major concern and obstacle to the adoption of ucommerce. As customers’ intention to adopt u-commerce is based on the aggregate effect of perceived benefits and risk exposure (e.g., privacy concerns), this research examines how personalization and context can impact on customers’ perceived benefits and privacy concerns, and how this aggregated effect in turn affects u-commerce adoption intention. …


Understanding Intrinsic Factors Influencing Benefit Maximization Of Is Usage, Brenda Eschenbrenner, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah Aug 2006

Understanding Intrinsic Factors Influencing Benefit Maximization Of Is Usage, Brenda Eschenbrenner, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This research uses the Repertory Grid technique to understand intrinsic factors influencing benefit maximization of IS usage. The results show that domain-relevant skills, task motivation, cognitive/work style attributes, individual characteristics (identified as creativity traits) and personal characteristics (identified as innovativeness traits) influence benefit maximization of IS usage. The findings not only provide insights on ways to increase quality of IS usage in organizations but are also helpful for identifying approaches that foster attributes leading to increased benefit realization from IS usage.


Bias And Controversy: Beyond The Statistical Deviation, Hady W. Lauw, Ee Peng Lim, Ke Wang Aug 2006

Bias And Controversy: Beyond The Statistical Deviation, Hady W. Lauw, Ee Peng Lim, Ke Wang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we investigate how deviation in evaluation activities may reveal bias on the part of reviewers and controversy on the part of evaluated objects. We focus on a 'data-centric approach' where the evaluation data is assumed to represent the ground truth'. The standard statistical approaches take evaluation and deviation at face value. We argue that attention should be paid to the subjectivity of evaluation, judging the evaluation score not just on 'what is being said' (deviation), but also on 'who says it' (reviewer) as well as on 'whom it is said about' (object). Furthermore, we observe that bias …


Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model For Rushes Structuring And Indexing, Chong-Wah Ngo, Zailiang Pan, Xiaoyong Wei Jul 2006

Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model For Rushes Structuring And Indexing, Chong-Wah Ngo, Zailiang Pan, Xiaoyong Wei

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Rushes footage are considered as cheap gold mine with the potential for reuse in broadcasting and filmmaking industries. However, it is difficult to mine the "gold" from the rushes since usually only minimum metadata is available. This paper focuses on the structuring and indexing of the rushes to facilitate mining and retrieval of "gold". We present a new approach for rushes structuring and indexing based on motion feature. We model the problem by a two-level Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model (HHMM). The HHMM, on one hand, represents the semantic concepts in its higher level to provide simultaneous structuring and indexing, on …


Extraction Of Coherent Relevant Passages Using Hidden Markov Models, Jing Jiang, Chengxiang Zhai Jul 2006

Extraction Of Coherent Relevant Passages Using Hidden Markov Models, Jing Jiang, Chengxiang Zhai

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In information retrieval, retrieving relevant passages, as opposed to whole documents, not only directly benefits the end user by filtering out the irrelevant information within a long relevant document, but also improves retrieval accuracy in general. A critical problem in passage retrieval is to extract coherent relevant passages accurately from a document, which we refer to as passage extraction. While much work has been done on passage retrieval, the passage extraction problem has not been seriously studied. Most existing work tends to rely on presegmenting documents into fixed-length passages which are unlikely optimal because the length of a relevant passage …


Authenticating Multi-Dimensional Query Results In Data Publishing, Weiwei Cheng, Hwee Hwa Pang, Kian-Lee Tan Jul 2006

Authenticating Multi-Dimensional Query Results In Data Publishing, Weiwei Cheng, Hwee Hwa Pang, Kian-Lee Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In data publishing, the owner delegates the role of satisfying user queries to a third-party publisher. As the publisher may be untrusted or susceptible to attacks, it could produce incorrect query results. This paper introduces a mechanism for users to verify that their query answers on a multi-dimensional dataset are correct, in the sense of being complete (i.e., no qualifying data points are omitted) and authentic (i.e., all the result values originated from the owner). Our approach is to add authentication information into a spatial data structure, by constructing certified chains on the points within each partition, as well as …


Ontosearch: A Full-Text Search Engine For The Semantic Web, Xing Jiang, Ah-Hwee Tan Jul 2006

Ontosearch: A Full-Text Search Engine For The Semantic Web, Xing Jiang, Ah-Hwee Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

OntoSearch, a full-text search engine that exploits ontological knowledge for document retrieval, is presented in this paper. Different from other ontology based search engines, OntoSearch does not require a user to specify the associated concepts of his/her queries. Domain ontology in OntoSearch is in the form of a semantic network. Given a keyword based query, OntoSearch infers the related concepts through a spreading activation process in the domain ontology. To provide personalized information access, we further develop algorithms to learn and exploit user ontology model based on a customized view of the domain ontology. The proposed system has been applied …


Keyframe Retrieval By Keypoints: Can Point-To-Point Matching Help?, Wanlei Zhao, Yu-Gang Jiang, Chong-Wah Ngo Jul 2006

Keyframe Retrieval By Keypoints: Can Point-To-Point Matching Help?, Wanlei Zhao, Yu-Gang Jiang, Chong-Wah Ngo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Bag-of-words representation with visual keypoints has recently emerged as an attractive approach for video search. In this paper, we study the degree of improvement when point-to-point (P2P) constraint is imposed on the bag-of-words. We conduct investigation on two tasks: near-duplicate keyframe (NDK) retrieval, and high-level concept classification, covering parts of TRECVID 2003 and 2005 datasets. In P2P matching, we propose a one-to-one symmetric keypoint matching strategy to diminish the noise effect during keyframe comparison. In addition, a new multi-dimensional index structure is proposed to speed up the matching process with keypoint filtering. Through experiments, we demonstrate that P2P constraint can …


Prediction-Based Gesture Detection In Lecture Videos By Combining Visual, Speech And Electronic Slides, Feng Wang, Chong-Wah Ngo, Ting-Chuen Pong Jul 2006

Prediction-Based Gesture Detection In Lecture Videos By Combining Visual, Speech And Electronic Slides, Feng Wang, Chong-Wah Ngo, Ting-Chuen Pong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper presents an efficient algorithm for gesture detection in lecture videos by combining visual, speech and electronic slides. Besides accuracy, response time is also considered to cope with the efficiency requirements of real-time applications. Candidate gestures are first detected by visual cue. Then we modifity HMM models for complete gestures to predict and recognize incomplete gestures before the whole gestures paths are observed. Gesture recognition is used to verify the results of gesture detection. The relations between visual, speech and slides are analyzed. The correspondence between speech and gesture is employed to improve the accuracy and the responsiveness of …


Mobile Healthcare Informatics, Keng Siau, Zixing Shen Jul 2006

Mobile Healthcare Informatics, Keng Siau, Zixing Shen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Advances in wireless technology give pace to the rapid development of mobile applications. The coming mobile revolution will bring dramatic and fundamental changes to our daily life. It will influence the way we live, the way we do things, and the way we take care of our health. For the healthcare industry, mobile applications provide a new frontier in offering better care and services to patients, and a more flexible and mobile way of communicating with suppliers and patients. Mobile applications will provide important real time data for patients, physicians, insurers, and suppliers. In addition, it will revolutionalize the way …


Batch Mode Active Learning And Its Applications To Medical Image Classification, Steven C. H. Hoi, Rong Jin, Jianke Zhu, Michael R. Lyu Jun 2006

Batch Mode Active Learning And Its Applications To Medical Image Classification, Steven C. H. Hoi, Rong Jin, Jianke Zhu, Michael R. Lyu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The goal of active learning is to select the most informative examples for manual labeling. Most of the previous studies in active learning have focused on selecting a single unlabeled example in each iteration. This could be inefficient since the classification model has to be retrained for every labeled example. In this paper, we present a framework for "batch mode active learning" that applies the Fisher information matrix to select a number of informative examples simultaneously. The key computational challenge is how to efficiently identify the subset of unlabeled examples that can result in the largest reduction in the Fisher …


Learning Distance Metrics With Contextual Constraints For Image Retrieval, Steven C. H. Hoi, Wei Liu, Michael R. Lyu, Wei-Ying Ma Jun 2006

Learning Distance Metrics With Contextual Constraints For Image Retrieval, Steven C. H. Hoi, Wei Liu, Michael R. Lyu, Wei-Ying Ma

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Relevant Component Analysis (RCA) has been proposed for learning distance metrics with contextual constraints for image retrieval. However, RCA has two important disadvantages. One is the lack of exploiting negative constraints which can also be informative, and the other is its incapability of capturing complex nonlinear relationships between data instances with the contextual information. In this paper, we propose two algorithms to overcome these two disadvantages, i.e., Discriminative Component Analysis (DCA) and Kernel DCA. Compared with other complicated methods for distance metric learning, our algorithms are rather simple to understand and very easy to solve. We evaluate the performance of …


Multilearner Based Recursive Supervised Training, Kiruthika Ramanathan, Sheng Uei Guan, Laxmi R. Iyer Jun 2006

Multilearner Based Recursive Supervised Training, Kiruthika Ramanathan, Sheng Uei Guan, Laxmi R. Iyer

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In supervised learning, most single solution neural networks such as constructive backpropagation give good results when used with some datasets but not with others. Others such as probabilistic neural networks (PNN) fit a curve to perfection but need to be manually tuned in the case of noisy data. Recursive percentage based hybrid pattern training (RPHP) overcomes this problem by recursively training subsets of the data, thereby using several neural networks. MultiLearner based recursive training (MLRT) is an extension of this approach, where a combination of existing and new learners are used and subsets are trained using the weak learner which …


Fuzzy Cognitive Goal Net For Interactive Storytelling Plot Design, Yundong Cai, Chunyan Miao, Ah-Hwee Tan, Zhiqi Shen Jun 2006

Fuzzy Cognitive Goal Net For Interactive Storytelling Plot Design, Yundong Cai, Chunyan Miao, Ah-Hwee Tan, Zhiqi Shen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Interactive storytelling attracts a lot of research interests among the interactive entertainments in recent years. Designing story plot for interactive storytelling is currently one of the most critical problems of interactive storytelling. Some traditional AI planning methods, such as Hierarchical Task Network, Heuristic Searching Method are widely used as the planning tool for the story plot design. This paper proposes a model called Fuzzy Cognitive Goal Net as the story plot planning tool for interactive storytelling, which combines the planning capability of Goal net and reasoning ability of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed model shows a …


Cognitive Mapping Techniques For User-Database Interaction, Keng Siau, X. Tan Jun 2006

Cognitive Mapping Techniques For User-Database Interaction, Keng Siau, X. Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we first develop a framework of user-database interaction. Based on this framework, we then provide a discussion on how notable human factors influence various dimensions of user-database interaction. Following that, we propose using cognitive mapping techniques to overcome some cognitive and behavioral biases during user-database interaction. Three popular cognitive mapping techniques-causal mapping, semantic mapping, and concept mapping-are introduced as techniques to elicit an individual's belief systems regarding a problem domain. Through an example database application, we demonstrate how to use these cognitive mapping techniques to improve user-database interaction. Finally, we discuss the implications of this research for …


Exploiting Domain Structure For Named Entity Recognition, Jing Jiang, Chengxiang Zhai Jun 2006

Exploiting Domain Structure For Named Entity Recognition, Jing Jiang, Chengxiang Zhai

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a fundamental task in text mining and natural language understanding. Current approaches to NER (mostly based on supervised learning) perform well on domains similar to the training domain, but they tend to adapt poorly to slightly different domains. We present several strategies for exploiting the domain structure in the training data to learn a more robust named entity recognizer that can perform well on a new domain. First, we propose a simple yet effective way to automatically rank features based on their generalizabilities across domains. We then train a classifier with strong emphasis on the …