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Full-Text Articles in Databases and Information Systems

Anonymized Video Analysis Methods And Systems, Marjorie Skubic, James M. Keller, Fang Wang, Derek T. Anderson, Erik Stone, Robert H. Luke Iii, Tanvi Banerjee, Marilyn J. Rantz Nov 2014

Anonymized Video Analysis Methods And Systems, Marjorie Skubic, James M. Keller, Fang Wang, Derek T. Anderson, Erik Stone, Robert H. Luke Iii, Tanvi Banerjee, Marilyn J. Rantz

Kno.e.sis Publications

Methods and systems for anonymized video analysis are described. In one embodiment, a first silhouette image of a person in a living unit may be accessed. The first silhouette image may be based on a first video signal recorded by a first video camera. A second silhouette image of the person in the living unit may be accessed. The second silhouette image may be of a different view of the person than the first silhouette image. The second silhouette image may be based on a second video signal recorded by a second video camera. A three-dimensional model of the person …

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Protecting Web Servers From Web Robot Traffic, Derek Doran Nov 2014

Protecting Web Servers From Web Robot Traffic, Derek Doran

Kno.e.sis Publications

No abstract provided.

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Triad-Based Role Discovery For Large Social Systems, Derek Doran Nov 2014

Triad-Based Role Discovery For Large Social Systems, Derek Doran

Kno.e.sis Publications

The social role of a participant in a social system conceptualizes the circumstances under which she chooses to interact with others, making their discovery and analysis important for theoretical and practical purposes. In this paper, we propose a methodology to detect such roles by utilizing the conditional triad censuses of ego-networks. These censuses are a promising tool for social role extraction because they capture the degree to which basic social forces push upon a user to interact with others in a system. Clusters of triad censuses, inferred from network samples that preserve local structural properties, define the social roles. The …

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Discovering Perceptions In Online Social Media: A Probabilistic Approach, Derek Doran, Swapna S. Gokhale, Aldo Dagnino Nov 2014

Discovering Perceptions In Online Social Media: A Probabilistic Approach, Derek Doran, Swapna S. Gokhale, Aldo Dagnino

Kno.e.sis Publications

People across the world habitually turn to online social media to share their experiences, thoughts, ideas, and opinions as they go about their daily lives. These posts collectively contain a wealth of insights into how masses perceive their surroundings. Therefore, extracting people’s perceptions from social media posts can provide valuable information about pertinent issues such as public transportation, emergency conditions, and even reactions to political actions or other activities. This paper proposes a novel approach to extract such perceptions from a corpus of social media posts originating from a given broad geographical region. The approach divides the broad region into …

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Online Information Searching For Cardiovascular Diseases: An Analysis Of Mayo Clinic Search Query Logs, Ashutosh Sopan Jadhav, Amit P. Sheth, Jyotishman Pathak Nov 2014

Online Information Searching For Cardiovascular Diseases: An Analysis Of Mayo Clinic Search Query Logs, Ashutosh Sopan Jadhav, Amit P. Sheth, Jyotishman Pathak

Kno.e.sis Publications

Since the early 2000’s, Internet usage for health information searching has increased significantly. Studying search queries can help us to understand users “information need” and how do they formulate search queries (“expression of information need”). Although cardiovascular diseases (CVD) affect a large percentage of the population, few studies have investigated how and what users search for CVD. We address this knowledge gap in the community by analyzing a large corpus of 10 million CVD related search queries from MayoClinic.com. Using UMLS MetaMap and UMLS semantic types/concepts, we developed a rule-based approach to categorize the queries into 14 health categories. We …

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An Analysis Of Mayo Clinic Search Query Logs For Cardiovascular Diseases, Ashutosh Sopan Jadhav, Amit P. Sheth, Jyotishman Pathak Nov 2014

An Analysis Of Mayo Clinic Search Query Logs For Cardiovascular Diseases, Ashutosh Sopan Jadhav, Amit P. Sheth, Jyotishman Pathak

Kno.e.sis Publications

Increasingly, individuals are taking active participation in learning and managing their health by leveraging online resources. Understanding online health information searching behavior can help us to study what health topics users search for and how search queries are formulated. In this work, we analyzed 10 million cardiovascular diseases (CVD) related search queries from MayoClinic.com. We performed semantic analysis on the queries using UMLS MetaMap and analyzed structural and textual properties as well as linguistic characteristics of the queries.

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Historical Traffic-Tolerant Paths In Road Networks, Pui Hang Li, Man Lung Yiu, Kyriakos Mouratidis Nov 2014

Historical Traffic-Tolerant Paths In Road Networks, Pui Hang Li, Man Lung Yiu, Kyriakos Mouratidis

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Historical traffic information is valuable for transportation analysis and planning, as well as for route search services. In view of these applications, we propose the k traffic-tolerant paths problem (TTP) on road networks, which takes a source-destination pair and historical traffic information as input, and returns k paths that minimize the aggregate (historical) travel time. Unlike the shortest path problem, the TTP problem has a combinatorial search space that renders the optimal solution expensive to compute. We propose an exact algorithm and a heuristic algorithm for this problem. Experiments on real traffic data demonstrate the effectiveness of TTP paths and …

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On Joint Modeling Of Topical Communities And Personal Interest In Microblogs, Tuan-Anh Hoang, Ee Peng Lim Nov 2014

On Joint Modeling Of Topical Communities And Personal Interest In Microblogs, Tuan-Anh Hoang, Ee Peng Lim

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we propose the Topical Communities and Personal Interest (TCPI) model for simultaneously modeling topics, topical communities, and users’ topical interests in microblogging data. TCPI considers different topical communities while differentiating users’ personal topical interests from those of topical communities, and learning the dependence of each user on the affiliated communities to generate content. This makes TCPI different from existing models that either do not consider the existence of multiple topical communities, or do not differentiate between personal and community’s topical interests. Our experiments on two Twitter datasets show that TCPI can effectively mine the representative topics for …

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The Evolution Of Research On Multimedia Travel Guide Search And Recommender Systems, Junge Shen, Zhiyong Cheng, Jialie Shen, Tao Mei, Xinbo Gao Nov 2014

The Evolution Of Research On Multimedia Travel Guide Search And Recommender Systems, Junge Shen, Zhiyong Cheng, Jialie Shen, Tao Mei, Xinbo Gao

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The importance of multimedia travel guide search and recommender systems has led to a substantial amount of research spanning different computer science and information system disciplines in recent years. The five core research streams we identify here incorporate a few multimedia computing and information retrieval problems that relate to the alternative perspectives of algorithm design for optimizing search/recommendation quality and different methodological paradigms to assess system performance at large scale. They include (1) query analysis, (2) diversification based on different criteria, (3) ranking and reranking, (4) personalization and (5) evaluation. Based on a comprehensive discussion and analysis of these streams, …

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Improving The Efficacy Of Web-Based Educational Outreach In Ecology, Gregory R. Goldsmith, Andrew D. Fulton, Colin D. Witherill, Javier F. Espeleta Oct 2014

Improving The Efficacy Of Web-Based Educational Outreach In Ecology, Gregory R. Goldsmith, Andrew D. Fulton, Colin D. Witherill, Javier F. Espeleta

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Scientists are increasingly engaging the web to provide formal and informal science education opportunities. Despite the prolific growth of web-based resources, systematic evaluation and assessment of their efficacy remains limited. We used clickstream analytics, a widely available method for tracking website visitors and their behavior, to evaluate 60,000 visits over three years to an educational website focused on ecology. Visits originating from search engine queries were a small proportion of the traffic, suggesting the need to actively promote websites to drive visitation. However, the number of visits referred to the website per social media post varied depending on the social …

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Networked Employment Discrimination, Tamara Kneese Oct 2014

Networked Employment Discrimination, Tamara Kneese

Media Studies

Employers often struggle to assess qualified applicants, particularly in contexts where they receive hundreds of applications for job openings. In an effort to increase efficiency and improve the process, many have begun employing new tools to sift through these applications, looking for signals that a candidate is “the best fit.” Some companies use tools that offer algorithmic assessments of workforce data to identify the variables that lead to stronger employee performance, or to high employee attrition rates, while others turn to third party ranking services to identify the top applicants in a labor pool. Still others eschew automated systems, but …

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Data Analytics For Power Utility Storm Planning, Lan Lin, Aldo Dagnino, Derek Doran, Swapna S. Gokhale Oct 2014

Data Analytics For Power Utility Storm Planning, Lan Lin, Aldo Dagnino, Derek Doran, Swapna S. Gokhale

Kno.e.sis Publications

As the world population grows, recent climatic changes seem to bring powerful storms to populated areas. The impact of these storms on utility services is devastating. Hurricane Sandy is a recent example of the enormous damages that storms can inflict on infrastructure, society, and the economy. Quick response to these emergencies represents a big challenge to electric power utilities. Traditionally utilities develop preparedness plans for storm emergency situations based on the experience of utility experts and with limited use of historical data. With the advent of the Smart Grid, utilities are incorporating automation and sensing technologies in their grids and …

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Security Policies That Make Sense For Complex Systems: Comprehensible Formalism For The System Consumer, Rhonda R. Henning Oct 2014

Security Policies That Make Sense For Complex Systems: Comprehensible Formalism For The System Consumer, Rhonda R. Henning

CCAC Theses and Dissertations

Information Systems today rarely are contained within a single user workstation, server, or networked environment. Data can be transparently accessed from any location, and maintained across various network infrastructures. Cloud computing paradigms commoditize the hardware and software environments and allow an enterprise to lease computing resources by the hour, minute, or number of instances required to complete a processing task. An access control policy mediates access requests between authorized users of an information system and the system's resources. Access control policies are defined at any given level of abstraction, such as the file, directory, system, or network, and can be …

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Time-Series Data Mining In Transportation: A Case Study On Singapore Public Train Commuter Travel Patterns, Roy Ka Wei Lee, Tin Seong Kam Oct 2014

Time-Series Data Mining In Transportation: A Case Study On Singapore Public Train Commuter Travel Patterns, Roy Ka Wei Lee, Tin Seong Kam

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The adoption of smart cards technologies and automated data collection systems (ADCS) in transportation domain had provided public transport planners opportunities to amass a huge and continuously increasing amount of time-series data about the behaviors and travel patterns of commuters. However the explosive growth of temporal related databases has far outpaced the transport planners’ ability to interpret these data using conventional statistical techniques, creating an urgent need for new techniques to support the analyst in transforming the data into actionable information and knowledge. This research study thus explores and discusses the potential use of time-series data mining, a relatively new …

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Entity Linking On Microblogs With Spatial And Temporal Signals, Yuan Fang, Ming-Wei Chang Oct 2014

Entity Linking On Microblogs With Spatial And Temporal Signals, Yuan Fang, Ming-Wei Chang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Microblogs present an excellent opportunity for monitoring and analyzing world happenings. Given that words are often ambiguous, entity linking becomes a crucial step towards understanding microblogs. In this paper, we re-examine the problem of entity linking on microblogs. We first observe that spatiotemporal (i.e., spatial and temporal) signals play a key role, but they are not utilized in existing approaches. Thus, we propose a novel entity linking framework that incorporates spatiotemporal signals through a weakly supervised process. Using entity annotations1 on real-world data, our experiments show that the spatiotemporal model improves F1 by more than 10 points over existing systems. …

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A Keyword Sense Disambiguation Based Approach For Noise Filtering In Twitter, Sanjaya Wijeratne, Bahareh R. Heravi Sep 2014

A Keyword Sense Disambiguation Based Approach For Noise Filtering In Twitter, Sanjaya Wijeratne, Bahareh R. Heravi

Kno.e.sis Publications

In this paper, we describe an approach to filter out noisy data generated by keywords-based tweet filtering methods by performing Word Sense Disambiguation on those keywords used to collect tweets. We present the noise filtering problem as a binary classification problem and discuss our evaluation strategy which is to be carried out in future.

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Rasp-Qs: Efficient And Confidential Query Services In The Cloud, Zohreh S. Alavi, Lu Zhou, James L. Powers, Keke Chen Sep 2014

Rasp-Qs: Efficient And Confidential Query Services In The Cloud, Zohreh S. Alavi, Lu Zhou, James L. Powers, Keke Chen

Kno.e.sis Publications

Hosting data query services in public clouds is an attractive solution for its great scalability and significant cost savings. However, data owners also have concerns on data privacy due to the lost control of the infrastructure. This demonstration shows a prototype for efficient and confidential range/kNN query services built on top of the random space perturbation (RASP) method. The RASP approach provides a privacy guarantee practical to the setting of cloudbased computing, while enabling much faster query processing compared to the encryption-based approach. This demonstration will allow users to more intuitively understand the technical merits of the RASP approach via …

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Sharing Political News: The Balancing Act Of Intimacy And Socialization In Selective Exposure, Jisun An, Daniele Quercia, Meeyoung Cha, Krishna Gummadi, Jon Crowcroft Sep 2014

Sharing Political News: The Balancing Act Of Intimacy And Socialization In Selective Exposure, Jisun An, Daniele Quercia, Meeyoung Cha, Krishna Gummadi, Jon Crowcroft

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

One might think that, compared to traditional media, social media sites allow people to choose more freely what to read and what to share, especially for politically oriented news. However, reading and sharing habits originate from deeply ingrained behaviors that might be hard to change. To test the extent to which this is true, we propose a Political News Sharing (PoNS) model that holistically captures four key aspects of social psychology: gratification, selective exposure, socialization, and trust & intimacy. Using real instances of political news sharing in Twitter, we study the predictive power of these features. As one might expect, …

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An Exploratory Study On Software Microblogger Behaviors, Yuan Tian, David Lo Sep 2014

An Exploratory Study On Software Microblogger Behaviors, Yuan Tian, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Microblogging services are growing rapidly in the recent years. Twitter, one of the most popular microblogging sites, has gained more than 500 millions users. Thousands of developers are also using Twitter to communicate with one another and microblog about software-related topics such as programming languages, code libraries, etc. Understanding the behaviors of software microbloggers is one of the needed first steps toward building automated tools to encourage software microblogging activities and harness software microblogging to improve various software engineering activities. In this paper, we investigate the behaviors of software microbloggers in terms of their microblogging frequency, generated contents, and interactions …

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A Study Of Age Gaps Between Online Friends, Lizi Liao, Jing Jiang, Ee Peng Lim, Heyan Huang Sep 2014

A Study Of Age Gaps Between Online Friends, Lizi Liao, Jing Jiang, Ee Peng Lim, Heyan Huang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

User attribute extraction on social media has gain considerable attention, while existing methods are mostly supervised which suffer great diffi- culty in insufficient gold standard data. In this paper, we validate a strong hypothesis based on homophily and adapt it to ensure the certainty of user attribute we extracted via weakly supervised propagation. Homophily, the theory which states that people who are similar tend to become friends, has been well studied in the setting of online social networks. When we focus on age attribute, based on this theory, online friends tend to have similar age. In this work, we take …

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The Use Of Geospatial Clustering In Analysing Health Risk Profile, Sue-Mae Yeo, Tin Seong Kam, Kai Xin Thia, Dan Wu Sep 2014

The Use Of Geospatial Clustering In Analysing Health Risk Profile, Sue-Mae Yeo, Tin Seong Kam, Kai Xin Thia, Dan Wu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Background & Hypothesis: The first law of geography states that “everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things”. This study aims to demonstrate how local indicator of spatial association (LISA) statistics are used to group patients with similar chronic diseases into natural clusters of hotspots found within northern Singapore by incorporating the proximity of their home locations explicitly. Methods: Anonymised chronic patient data collected from Khoo Teck Puat Hospital in 2013 were used for analyses. The data was mapped based on patients' residential addresses. A layer of hexagonal grid objects, each with a …

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Press: A Novel Framework Of Trajectory Compression In Road Networks, Renchu Song, Weiwei Sun, Baihua Zheng, Yu Zheng Sep 2014

Press: A Novel Framework Of Trajectory Compression In Road Networks, Renchu Song, Weiwei Sun, Baihua Zheng, Yu Zheng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Location data becomes more and more important. In this paper, we focus on the trajectory data, and propose a new framework, namely PRESS (Paralleled Road-Network-Based Trajectory Compression), to effectively compress trajectory data under road network constraints. Different from existing work, PRESS proposes a novel representation for trajectories to separate the spatial representation of a trajectory from the temporal representation, and proposes a Hybrid Spatial Compression (HSC) algorithm and error Bounded Temporal Compression (BTC) algorithm to compress the spatial and temporal information of trajectories respectively. PRESS also supports common spatial-temporal queries without fully decompressing the data. Through an extensive experimental study …

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Clear: A Real-Time Online Observatory For Bursty And Viral Events, Runquan Xie, Feida Zhu, Hui Ma, Wei Xie, Chen Lin Sep 2014

Clear: A Real-Time Online Observatory For Bursty And Viral Events, Runquan Xie, Feida Zhu, Hui Ma, Wei Xie, Chen Lin

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We describe our demonstration of CLEar (Clairaudient Ear), a real-time online platform for detecting, monitoring, summarizing, contextualizing and visualizing bursty and viral events, those triggering a sudden surge of public interest and going viral on micro-blogging platforms. This task is challenging for existing methods as they either use complicated topic models to analyze topics in a off-line manner or define temporal structure of fixed granularity on the data stream for online topic learning, leaving them hardly scalable for real-time stream like that of Twitter. In this demonstration of CLEar, we present a three-stage system: First, we show …

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Interestingness-Driven Diffussion Process Summarization In Dynamic Networks, Qiang Qu, Siyuan Liu, Christian Jensen, Feida Zhu, Christos Faloutsos Sep 2014

Interestingness-Driven Diffussion Process Summarization In Dynamic Networks, Qiang Qu, Siyuan Liu, Christian Jensen, Feida Zhu, Christos Faloutsos

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The widespread use of social networks enables the rapid diffusion of information, e.g., news, among users in very large communities. It is a substantial challenge to be able to observe and understand such diffusion processes, which may be modeled as networks that are both large and dynamic. A key tool in this regard is data summarization. However, few existing studies aim to summarize graphs/networks for dynamics. Dynamic networks raise new challenges not found in static settings, including time sensitivity and the needs for online interestingness evaluation and summary traceability, which render existing techniques inapplicable. We study the topic of dynamic …

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Document Retrieval Using Predication Similarity, Kalpa Gunaratna Aug 2014

Document Retrieval Using Predication Similarity, Kalpa Gunaratna

Kno.e.sis Publications

Document retrieval has been an important research problem over many years in the information retrieval community. State-of-the-art techniques utilize various methods in matching documents to a given document including keywords, phrases, and annotations. In this paper, we propose a new approach for document retrieval that utilizes predications (subject-predicate-object triples) extracted from the documents. We represent documents as sets of predications. We measure the similarity between predications to compute the similarity between documents. Our approach utilizes the hierarchical information available in ontologies in computing concept-concept similarity, making the approach flexible. Predication-based document similarity is more precise and forms the basis for …

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A Novel Web-Based Depth Video Rewind Approach Toward Fall Preventive Interventions In Hospitals, Moein Enayati, Tanvi Banerjee, Mihail Popescu, Marjorie Skubic, Marilyn J. Rantz Aug 2014

A Novel Web-Based Depth Video Rewind Approach Toward Fall Preventive Interventions In Hospitals, Moein Enayati, Tanvi Banerjee, Mihail Popescu, Marjorie Skubic, Marilyn J. Rantz

Kno.e.sis Publications

Falls in the hospital rooms are considered a huge burden on healthcare costs. They can lead to injuries, extended length of stay, and increase in cost for both the patients and the hospital. It can also lead to emotional trauma for the patients and their families [1]. Having Microsoft Kinects installed in the hospital rooms to capture and process every movement in the room, we deployed our previously developed fall-detection system to detect naturally occurring falls, generate a real-time fall alarm and broadcast it to hospital nurses for immediate intervention. These systems also store a processed and reduced version …

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Opinion Mining Of Sociopolitical Comments From Social Media, Swapna Gottipati Aug 2014

Opinion Mining Of Sociopolitical Comments From Social Media, Swapna Gottipati

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Opinions are central to almost all human activities by influencing greatly the decision making process. In this thesis, we present the problems of mining issues, extracting entities and suggestive opinions towards the entities, detecting thoughtful comments, and extracting stances and ideological expressions from online comments in the sociopolitical domain. This study is essential for opinion mining applications that are beneficial for policy makers, government sectors and social organizations. Much work has been done to try to uncover consumer sentiments from online comments to help businesses improve their products and services. However, sociopolitical opinion mining poses new challenges due to complex …

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Generating Supplementary Travel Guides From Social Media, Liu Yang, Jing Jiang, Lifu Huang, Minghui Qiu, Lizi Liao Aug 2014

Generating Supplementary Travel Guides From Social Media, Liu Yang, Jing Jiang, Lifu Huang, Minghui Qiu, Lizi Liao

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper we study how to summarize travel-related information in forum threads to generate supplementary travel guides. Such summaries presumably can provide additional and more up-to-date information to tourists. Existing multi-document summarization methods have limitations for this task because (1) they do not generate structured summaries but travel guides usually follow a certain template, and (2) they do not put emphasis on named entities but travel guides often recommend points of interest to travelers. To overcome these limitations, we propose to use a latent variable model to align forum threads with the section structure of well-written travel guides. The …

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On Macro And Micro Exploration Of Hashtag Diffusion In Twitter, Yazhe Wang, Baihua Zheng Aug 2014

On Macro And Micro Exploration Of Hashtag Diffusion In Twitter, Yazhe Wang, Baihua Zheng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This exploratory work studies hashtag diffusion in Twitter. The analysis is conducted from two aspects. From the macro perspective, we study general properties of hashtag diffusion, and classify hashtags into three main classes based on their temporal dynamics referred as 'single spike', 'multi-spikes', and 'fluctuation', and find that each of these classes has some unique characteristics. From the micro perspective, we investigate individual diffusion.We adopt Edelman's 'topology of influence' theory to identify four type of users with different influence levels in diffusion based on their dynamic retweet behaviors. The results of our study are useful for gaining more insights of …

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Diversified Social Influence Maximization, Fangshuang Tang, Qi Liu, Hengshu Zhu, Enhong Chen, Feida Zhu Aug 2014

Diversified Social Influence Maximization, Fangshuang Tang, Qi Liu, Hengshu Zhu, Enhong Chen, Feida Zhu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

For better viral marketing, there has been a lot of research on social influence maximization. However, the problem that who is influenced and how diverse the influenced population is, which is important in real-world marketing, has largely been neglected. To that end, in this paper, we propose to consider the magnitude of influence and the diversity of the influenced crowd simultaneously. Specifically, we formulate it as an optimization problem, i.e., diversified social influence maximization. First, we present a general framework for this problem, under which we construct a class of diversity measures to quantify the diversity of the influenced crowd. …

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