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2008

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Articles 541 - 570 of 1335

Full-Text Articles in Computer Sciences

Developing Subgrade Inputs For Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design, Meagan Berlau May 2008

Developing Subgrade Inputs For Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design, Meagan Berlau

Computer Science and Computer Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

The Resilient Modulus (MR) of a subgrade soil is an essential input into the flexible pavement design models contained in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Official’s new pavement design guide, the MechanisticEmpirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). For most inputs required for pavement design, there are three levels of input that can be used within the MEPDG system. Level One requires the engineer to enter a value for subgrade Resilient Modulus based on the results of Resilient Modulus tests conducted in the laboratory. Level Two allows the user to input values for other soil property tests including California …

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Adding Virtual Rfid To Second Life, Casey Bailey May 2008

Adding Virtual Rfid To Second Life, Casey Bailey

Computer Science and Computer Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Second Life (SL) is a popular online 3D multi-player virtual world where the limits of creating objects and scripting interactions among objects and avatars are based on the player's imagination and scripting skill. Real life, by comparison, is often limited by current technology more than creativity. This thesis investigates a new way to merge reality and virtual reality, in particular, by modeling one emerging real world technology, radio frequency identification (RFID), in the SL virtual world. We investigate how RFID can be deployed and tested in a virtual world, a modeled healthcare facility, as a step before the much more …

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Location-Based Hashing For Querying And Searching, Felix Ching May 2008

Location-Based Hashing For Querying And Searching, Felix Ching

Computer Science and Computer Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

The rapidly growing information technology in modern days demands an efficient searching scheme to search for desired data. Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH) is a method for searching similar data in a database. LSH achieves high accuracy and precision for locating desired data, but consumes a significant amount of memory and time. Based on LSH, this thesis presents two novel schemes for efficient and accurate data searching: Locality Sensitive Hashing-SmithWaterman (LSH-SmithWaterman) and Secure Min-wise Locality Sensitive Hashing (SMLSH). Both methods dramatically reduce the memory and time consumption and exhibit high accuracy in data searching. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the …

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Visualization Of An Approach To Data Clustering, Marisabel Guevara May 2008

Visualization Of An Approach To Data Clustering, Marisabel Guevara

Computer Science and Computer Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Using visualization and clustering goals as guidelines, this thesis explores a graphic implementation of a data clustering technique that repositions vertices by applying physical laws of charges and springs to the components of the graph. The resulting visualizations are evidence of the success of the approach as well as of the data sets that lend themselves to a clustering routine. Due to the visual product of the implementation, the algorithm is most useful as an aid in understanding the grouping pattern of a data set. Either for a rapid analysis or to assist in presentation, the visual result of the …

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An Efficient Hardware Implementation Of Target Recognition Algorithms And Investigation Of Secure Wireless Communication For A Modified Manet, Stephen Barnes May 2008

An Efficient Hardware Implementation Of Target Recognition Algorithms And Investigation Of Secure Wireless Communication For A Modified Manet, Stephen Barnes

Computer Science and Computer Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

This paper presents a scheme for effective wireless security of a open broadcast mobile ad-hoc network, MANET, network without significant loss of bandwidth and data integrity through a double tiered encryption scheme, and the feasibility of reducing the target tracking algorithm in [1] into a compact and efficient hardware package. Due to the open nature of MANET, modifications are necessary to secure wireless data in a potential hostile environment. Furthermore, due to power and processing limitations of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and the processing intensive calculations of image processing, a sample hardware implementation of key functions of the target …

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Characterizing Effective Auction Mechanisms: Insights From The 2007 Tac Mechanism Design Competition, Jinzhong Niu, Kai Cai, Simon Parsons, Enrico Gerding, Peter Mcburney May 2008

Characterizing Effective Auction Mechanisms: Insights From The 2007 Tac Mechanism Design Competition, Jinzhong Niu, Kai Cai, Simon Parsons, Enrico Gerding, Peter Mcburney

Publications and Research

This paper analyzes the entrants to the 2007 TAC Market Design competition. It presents a classification of the entries to the competition, and uses this classification to compare these entries. The paper also attempts to relate market dynamics to the auction rules adopted by these entries and their adaptive strategies via a set of post-tournament experiments. Based on this analysis, the paper speculates about the design of effective auction mechanisms, both in the setting of this competition and in the more general case.

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Holistic Characterization Of Parallel Programming Models In A Distributed Memory Environment, Christopher Bryan May 2008

Holistic Characterization Of Parallel Programming Models In A Distributed Memory Environment, Christopher Bryan

Computer Science and Computer Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

The popularity of cluster computing has increased focus on usability, especially in the area of programmability. Languages and libraries that require explicit message passing have been the standard. New languages, designed for cluster computing, are coming to the forefront as a way to simplify parallel programming. Titanium and Fortress are examples of this new class of programming paradigms. This work holistically characterizes these languages and contrasts them with the standard model of parallel programming, and presents benchmark results of small computational kernels written in these languages and models.

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Pitch Correction On The Human Voice, Suzanne Ownbey May 2008

Pitch Correction On The Human Voice, Suzanne Ownbey

Computer Science and Computer Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Singing is an excellent way to achieve fame, granted one can sing on key. Alternatively, a person who does not inherently have this ability or want to spend the time practicing to achieve it could use a programmatic solution to pitch correction. Proprietary products already exist that can correct the pitch of a singer, but the average mediocre singer may not be willing or able to purchase them. The focus of this research is to use the basic frequency altering algorithm of resampling, which alters the length of the wave to correct the pitch of a note. Small parts of …

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Multiuav2 Agent Swarming For Distributed Atr Simulation, Kyle White May 2008

Multiuav2 Agent Swarming For Distributed Atr Simulation, Kyle White

Computer Science and Computer Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Traditional automatic target recognition (ATR) is performed by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) depending on a central control tower to provide the high level organization of the system. The UAVs fly through a region of interest to identify targets and relay all communication through a central control tower. The centralized approach to ATR has limited fault-tolerance, scalability with regards to the number of UAVs, and susceptibility to malicious attacks on the central tower [2]. A swarm-driven alternative [1] is extended with a communication control scheme to address fault-tolerance and scalability while utilizing the higher onboard processing power now available for UAVs …

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Computer Generation And Processing Of Music: Pitch Correction For The Human Voice, Jason Hardy May 2008

Computer Generation And Processing Of Music: Pitch Correction For The Human Voice, Jason Hardy

Computer Science and Computer Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Music is something everyone can enjoy. Shows like American Idol and Dancing with the Stars show us that most everyone, namely more than those who enjoy voting, does enjoy it. Not everyone can make music, and only a special few can make it well. The musically impaired have an ally, though, and it is technology. There are many synthetic ways one may become the dream superstar, especially if they are willing to pay enough. The majority of music generation, processing, and correction software is highly proprietary to their respective owners and carries a high price. Thus, it is difficult in …

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All Elephants Are Bigger Than All Mice, Sebastian Rudolph, Markus Krotzsch, Pascal Hitzler May 2008

All Elephants Are Bigger Than All Mice, Sebastian Rudolph, Markus Krotzsch, Pascal Hitzler

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

We investigate the concept product as an expressive feature for description logics (DLs). While this construct allows us to express an arguably very common and natural type of statement, it can be simulated only by the very expressive DL SROIQ for which no tight worst-case complexity is known. However, we show that concept products can also be added to the DLs SHOIQ and SHOI, and to the tractable DL EL++ without increasing the worst-case complexities in any of those cases. We therefore argue that concept products provide practically relevant expressivity at little cost, making them a good candidate …

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An Assistive Navigation Paradigm For Semi-Autonomous Wheelchairs Using Force-Feedback And Goal Prediction, John H.C. Staton May 2008

An Assistive Navigation Paradigm For Semi-Autonomous Wheelchairs Using Force-Feedback And Goal Prediction, John H.C. Staton

Computer Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

As computer technology advances and facilitates an increased amount of autonomous sensing and control, the interface between the human and autonomous computer systems becomes increasingly important. This applies in particular in the realm of service robotics where robots with increasing levels of autonomy are constantly interacting with human users and where it is paramount to have an efficient way to convey user intentions and commands to the robot system, integrate them into the robot's action and control, and to indicate robot control choices to the user in a "natural", intuitive way. One particular example where semi-autonomous operation of a vii …

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Jcat: A Platform For The Tac Market Design Competition, Jinzhong Niu, Kai Cai, Simon Parsons, Enrico Gerding, Peter Mcburney, Thierry Moyaux, Steve Phelps, David Shield May 2008

Jcat: A Platform For The Tac Market Design Competition, Jinzhong Niu, Kai Cai, Simon Parsons, Enrico Gerding, Peter Mcburney, Thierry Moyaux, Steve Phelps, David Shield

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

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Energy-Efficient Connected K-Coverage, Duty-Cycling, And Geographic Forwarding In Wireless Sensor Networks, Habib M. Ammari May 2008

Energy-Efficient Connected K-Coverage, Duty-Cycling, And Geographic Forwarding In Wireless Sensor Networks, Habib M. Ammari

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

With the fast advances in inexpensive sensor technology and wireless communications, the design and development of large-scale wireless sensor networks has become cost-effective and viable enough to attract the attention of a wide range of civilian, natural, and military applications, such as health and environmental monitoring, seism monitoring, and battlefields surveillance. The main challenge in the design of wireless sensor networks is the limited battery power of the sensors and the difficulty of replacing and/or recharging these batteries due to the nature of the monitored field, such as hostile environments, and cost. Thus, it is necessary that the sensors be …

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A Multi-Level Biomedical Ontology-Enabled Broker: Dynamic Service-Based Data Source Integration, Sheng-Chieh Jack Fu May 2008

A Multi-Level Biomedical Ontology-Enabled Broker: Dynamic Service-Based Data Source Integration, Sheng-Chieh Jack Fu

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Web services have recently become a new trend for gathering biomedical information. However, it is not easy to integrate and obtain a concise/complete query result among thousands of service operations. In this dissertation, we propose a multi-level ontology-enabled service broker system for dynamically integrating web services in the biomedical domain (BioServiceBroker). By introducing multi-level modeling concepts and intra/inter level relationships, our approach facilitates more accurate modeling of biomedical ontologies, which leads to a better understanding of the data stored in various biological data sources as well as the services provided by the data sources. In addition, we incorporate temporal concepts …

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An Influenza Virus Molecular Infection Model And Discrete Event, Stochastic Simulation., Richard Burke Squires May 2008

An Influenza Virus Molecular Infection Model And Discrete Event, Stochastic Simulation., Richard Burke Squires

Computer Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

Influenza virus is responsible for the greatest pandemic in human history causing 20 - 40 million deaths worldwide during the 1918 flu season. In 1997 fears of a future pandemic arose with the discovery of a new strain of H5N1 avian influenza. In an effort to better understand the dynamics of influenza infection a new model of influenza virus infection at the molecular level has been developed. Comprising nineteen stages and five molecular types (mRNA, cRNA, vRNA, vRNP and proteins) the FluSim model consists of the major contributing pathogen factors to influenza infection. A discrete event, stochastic simulation based upon …

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Secure Data Aggregation In Wireless Sensor Networks, Wei Zhang May 2008

Secure Data Aggregation In Wireless Sensor Networks, Wei Zhang

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Recent advances in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology and wireless communications technologies have enabled the deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in a plethora of applications, ranging widely from military surveillance to civilian applications. To protect the networks from different kinds of attacks, security in wireless sensor networks plays a crucial role and has received increased attention especially in the applications deployed in hostile environments, such as battlefield monitoring and home security. While extensive efforts have been devoted toward securing conventional networks, the stringent resource constraints, such as energy, communication and computation capability, etc., have often prevented their direct adoptions. As …

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Data Dissemination Protocols In Wireless Sensor Networks : Design, Modeling And Security, Pradip De May 2008

Data Dissemination Protocols In Wireless Sensor Networks : Design, Modeling And Security, Pradip De

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Wireless sensor and actuator networks have been one of the stepping stones towards realizing a pervasive computing infrastructure. However, in a post-deployment scenario, transferring critical updates and reconfigurations on a network-wide scale is a non-trivial proposition. Wireless techniques provide the only means of communication, and consequently, an in-depth study of the multihop broadcast based communication paradigm and the design of efficient and reliable data dissemination protocols for reprogramming a sensor network is of paramount importance. In this dissertation, we initially focus on the formal modeling and performance analysis of broadcast-based data dissemination protocols in wireless sensor networks. The data propagating …

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Incorporation Of Evidences Into An Intelligent Computational Argumentation Network For A Web-Based Collaborative Engineering Design System, Xiaoqing Frank Liu, Ekta Khudkhudia, Ming-Chuan Leu May 2008

Incorporation Of Evidences Into An Intelligent Computational Argumentation Network For A Web-Based Collaborative Engineering Design System, Xiaoqing Frank Liu, Ekta Khudkhudia, Ming-Chuan Leu

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Conflicts among the stakeholders are unavoidable in the process of collaborative engineering design. Resolution of these conflicts is a challenging task. In our previous research, a web based intelligent collaborative system was developed which provides decision-making support, using computational argumentation techniques. Enhancements were done to this system to incorporate the priorities of the stakeholders and to detect arguments that self conflict. As an effort to make this system more effective and more objective in the process of decision making, we develop a method to assess the effect of evidences in the argumentation network, using Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence and fuzzy …

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Personalized Web Search By Using Learned User Profiles In Re-Ranking, Jia Hu May 2008

Personalized Web Search By Using Learned User Profiles In Re-Ranking, Jia Hu

Theses and Dissertations

Search engines return results mainly based on the submitted query; however, the same query could be in different contexts because individual users have different interests. To improve the relevance of search results, we propose re-ranking results based on a learned user profile. In our previous work we introduced a scoring function for re-ranking search results based on a learned User Interest Hierarchy (UIH). Our results indicate that we can improve relevance at lower ranks, but not at the top 5 ranks. In this thesis, we improve the scoring function by incorporating new term characteristics, image characteristics and pivoted length normalization. …

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Machine Learning For Host-Based Anomaly Detection, Gaurav Tandon May 2008

Machine Learning For Host-Based Anomaly Detection, Gaurav Tandon

Theses and Dissertations

Anomaly detection techniques complement signature based methods for intrusion detection. Machine learning approaches are applied to anomaly detection for automated learning and detection. Traditional host-based anomaly detectors model system call sequences to detect novel attacks. This dissertation makes four key contributions to detect host anomalies. First, we present an unsupervised approach to clean training data using novel representations for system call sequences. Second, supervised learning with system call arguments and other attributes is proposed for enriched modeling. Third, techniques to increase model coverage for improved accuracy are presented. Fourth, we propose spatio-temporal modeling to detect suspicious behavior for mobile hosts. …

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Anonysense: Opportunistic And Privacy-Preserving Context Collection, Apu Kapadia, Nikos Triandopoulos, Cory Cornelius, Dan Peebles, David Kotz May 2008

Anonysense: Opportunistic And Privacy-Preserving Context Collection, Apu Kapadia, Nikos Triandopoulos, Cory Cornelius, Dan Peebles, David Kotz

Dartmouth Scholarship

Opportunistic sensing allows applications to “task” mobile devices to measure context in a target region. For example, one could leverage sensor-equipped vehicles to measure traffic or pollution levels on a particular street, or users' mobile phones to locate (Bluetooth-enabled) objects in their neighborhood. In most proposed applications, context reports include the time and location of the event, putting the privacy of users at increased risk—even if a report has been anonymized, the accompanying time and location can reveal sufficient information to deanonymize the user whose device sent the report. \par We propose AnonySense, a general-purpose architecture for leveraging users' mobile …

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Guidelines For Evaluating Patterns In The Is Domain, Deepak Khazanchi, John D. Murphy, Stacie Clarke Petter May 2008

Guidelines For Evaluating Patterns In The Is Domain, Deepak Khazanchi, John D. Murphy, Stacie Clarke Petter

Information Systems and Quantitative Analysis Faculty Proceedings & Presentations

Patterns were originally developed in the field of architecture as a mechanism for communicating good solutions to recurring classes of problems. Since then researchers have created patterns to provide guidance and solutions associated with virtual project management, software development and engineering, human computer interaction, and design science research. However, there has been limited emphasis on developing guidelines for evaluating the validity of patterns. In this paper, we propose an evaluation framework for patterns that draws upon the literature associated with patterns, philosophy of science and research methods. The evaluation framework can be used to validate patterns in a more consistent …

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An Application Of High Fidelity Ftds For Ab Initio Pilot Training: The Way Ahead, Nickolas D. Macchiarella, Tim Brady, Brandon S. Lyon May 2008

An Application Of High Fidelity Ftds For Ab Initio Pilot Training: The Way Ahead, Nickolas D. Macchiarella, Tim Brady, Brandon S. Lyon

Publications

"Decreases in simulation costs and increases in aircraft training costs led to the need for further investigation into the application of simulation-based training. Researchers conducted an eighteen-month study using ab initio student pilots as participants. This study applied a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) approved, Part 142, flight-training curriculum that included 60% flight training device (FTD) use. Researchers identified five causal factors that warranted further investigation. The causal factors identified were visual fidelity, procedural similarity, dynamic flight environment, difficulty of task, and visual scanning and response. These causal factors have the potential to affect transfer of training (ToT) from simulated flight …

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Evaluating Recognition-Based Motion Capture On Humaneva Ii Test Data, Nicholas Howe May 2008

Evaluating Recognition-Based Motion Capture On Humaneva Ii Test Data, Nicholas Howe

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

The advent of the HumanEva standardized motion capture data sets has enabled quantitative evaluation of motion capture algorithms on comparable terms. This paper measures the performance of an existing monocular recognition-based pose recovery algorithm on select HumanEva data, including all the HumanEva II clips. The method uses a physically-motivated Markov process to connect adajacent frames and achieve a 3D relative mean error of 8.9 cm per joint, better than recently reported results. It further investigates factors contributing to the error, and finds that research into better pose retrieval methods offers promise for improvement of this technique and those related to …

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Anchor-Free Localization In Mixed Wireless Sensor Network Systems, Yurong Xu May 2008

Anchor-Free Localization In Mixed Wireless Sensor Network Systems, Yurong Xu

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Recent technological advances have fostered the emergence of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which consist of tiny, wireless, battery-powered nodes that are expected to revolutionize the ways in which we understand and construct complex physical systems. A fundamental property needed to use and maintain these WSNs is ``localization'', which allows the establishment of spatial relationships among nodes over time. This dissertation presents a series of Geographic Distributed Localization (GDL) algorithms for mixed WSNs, in which both static and mobile nodes can coexist. The GDL algorithms provide a series of useful methods for localization in mixed WSNs. First, GDL provides an approximation …

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Measuring Soa Success, J. Erickson, Keng Siau May 2008

Measuring Soa Success, J. Erickson, Keng Siau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Service-oriented architecture (SOA), web services, and service-oriented computing (SOC) have become prominent topics in the business world. Many companies are either implementing, considering, or have already implemented SOA projects, web services initiatives, or SOC adoption. A critical question for organizations is how to measure SOA success. Is return on investment (ROI) a suitable metric for evaluating SOA projects? What about intangible factors such as comparative advantage or competitive necessity? Additionally, considerations like agility, nimbleness, and responsiveness play a significant role. This research investigates various factors for measuring project success and employs a Delphi study to gather insights from a panel …

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Resetting A Degrading Single Server Queue, Frank Volny Iv May 2008

Resetting A Degrading Single Server Queue, Frank Volny Iv

All Theses

Real life servers do not have IID service times - they slow down over time. This is usually dealt with by resetting or replacing the server. Often, however, it is not known how to determine when the best time to reset the server is. Resetting may be a costly process. We make an assumption that only some arrivals (we do not know which) are harmful. Then, we proceed to find an optimal policy for resetting a server with a given service parameterization by observing the service paremeter directly, service times, or waiting times (with and without arrival times) when the …

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Virtual Aesthetics And Ethical Communication: Towards Virtuous Reality Design, David Williams May 2008

Virtual Aesthetics And Ethical Communication: Towards Virtuous Reality Design, David Williams

All Theses

This thesis argues that ethics can and should be applied to Second Life avatar design and behavior. Second Life is a unique virtual reality due to its connection to the physical world primarily through financial devices. Users buy and sell virtual and physical goods over these networks; the avatar, it is argued, is the primary instrument for persuasion in these contexts. Avatars facilitate a virtual aesthetic that is primarily 'natural.' By creating aesthetic avatars, the developers of Second Life enable audiences to affectively associate with other 'residents.' Not only is the avatar designed for aesthetic appeal, but it enables users …

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An Adaptive Algorithm For Prioritization In 802.11e Wirelss Networks, Will Spearman May 2008

An Adaptive Algorithm For Prioritization In 802.11e Wirelss Networks, Will Spearman

All Theses

A common form of local wireless communication is defined by the IEEE as 802.11. Unfortunately, 802.11 has limitations regarding high priority traffic such as voice and data which are sensitive to jitter, delay, and loss. The IEEE 802.11e standard provides enhancements that allow traffic with specific needs to be differentiated from normal traffic. While these enhancements have been shown to effectively improve latency and throughput for high priority traffic, they do not offer precise and consistent control of performance levels for all priorities. In this work, a method to dynamically optimize 802.11e contention parameters is presented that provides more granular …

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