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Full-Text Articles in Computer Sciences

Topic-Centric Unsupervised Multi-Document Summarization Of Scientific And News Articles, Amanuel Alambo, Cori Lohstroh, Erik Madaus, Swati Padhee, Brandy Foster, Tanvi Banerjee, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, Michael Raymer Mar 2021

Topic-Centric Unsupervised Multi-Document Summarization Of Scientific And News Articles, Amanuel Alambo, Cori Lohstroh, Erik Madaus, Swati Padhee, Brandy Foster, Tanvi Banerjee, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, Michael Raymer

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Recent advances in natural language processing have enabled automation of a wide range of tasks, including machine translation, named entity recognition, and sentiment analysis. Automated summarization of documents, or groups of documents, however, has remained elusive, with many efforts limited to extraction of keywords, key phrases, or key sentences. Accurate abstractive summarization has yet to be achieved due to the inherent difficulty of the problem, and limited availability of training data. In this paper, we propose a topic-centric unsupervised multi-document summarization framework to generate extractive and abstractive summaries for groups of scientific articles across 20 Fields of Study (FoS) in …


Can Subjective Pain Be Inferred From Objective Physiological Data? Evidence From Patients With Sickle Cell Disease, Mark J. Panaggio, Daniel M. Abrams, Fan Yang, Tanvi Banerjee, Nirmish R. Shah Mar 2021

Can Subjective Pain Be Inferred From Objective Physiological Data? Evidence From Patients With Sickle Cell Disease, Mark J. Panaggio, Daniel M. Abrams, Fan Yang, Tanvi Banerjee, Nirmish R. Shah

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience lifelong struggles with both chronic and acute pain, often requiring medical interventMaion. Pain can be managed with medications, but dosages must balance the goal of pain mitigation against the risks of tolerance, addiction and other adverse effects. Setting appropriate dosages requires knowledge of a patient's subjective pain, but collecting pain reports from patients can be difficult for clinicians and disruptive for patients, and is only possible when patients are awake and communicative. Here we investigate methods for estimating SCD patients' pain levels indirectly using vital signs that are routinely collected and documented in …


Human-Ai Teaming For Dynamic Interpersonal Skill Training, Xavian Alexander Ogletree Jan 2021

Human-Ai Teaming For Dynamic Interpersonal Skill Training, Xavian Alexander Ogletree

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In almost every field, there is a need for strong interpersonal skills. This is especially true in fields such as medicine, psychology, and education. For instance, healthcare providers need to show understanding and compassion for LGBTQ+ and BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color), or individuals with unique developmental or mental health needs. Improving interpersonal skills often requires first-person experience with expert evaluation and guidance to achieve proficiency. However, due to limited availability of assessment capabilities, professional standardized patients and instructional experts, students and professionals currently have inadequate opportunities for expert-guided training sessions. Therefore, this research aims to demonstrate leveraging …


A Deep Understanding Of Structural And Functional Behavior Of Tabular And Graphical Modules In Technical Documents, Michail Alexiou Jan 2021

A Deep Understanding Of Structural And Functional Behavior Of Tabular And Graphical Modules In Technical Documents, Michail Alexiou

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The rapid increase of published research papers in recent years has escalated the need for automated ways to process and understand them. The successful recognition of the information that is contained in technical documents, depends on the understanding of the document’s individual modalities. These modalities include tables, graphics, diagrams and etc. as defined in Bourbakis’ pioneering work. However, the depth of understanding is correlated to the efficiency of detection and recognition. In this work, a novel methodology is proposed for automatic processing of and understanding of tables and graphics images in technical document. Previous attempts on tables and graphics understanding …


Leveraging Sequential Nature Of Conversations For Intent Classification, Shree Gotteti Jan 2021

Leveraging Sequential Nature Of Conversations For Intent Classification, Shree Gotteti

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Conversations are more than just a sequence of text, it is where two or more participants interact in order to achieve their goals. Conversation Understanding (CU) requires all participants to understand each others intent. In the past decade, CU has been extended from automated human-human text processing to build automated conversational agents for human-machine interactions. Despite their popularity, these automated conversational agents (like Siri, Alexa, etc) can't handle more than one or two utterances, and they don't recognize conversations as intents. The development of approaches that extract intents behind an utterance is essential for the advancements of Question Answering (QA) …


Content Adaption And Design In Mobile Learning Of Wind Instruments, Neha Priyadarshani Jan 2021

Content Adaption And Design In Mobile Learning Of Wind Instruments, Neha Priyadarshani

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People in today's world seek things that are simple to use. Learning is one of the most crucial aspects of the ongoing digital transformation. Everything is now accessible with a single click on mobile devices, making access to instructional materials faster, easier, and more comfortable. It takes time and effort to build abilities and become an expert in the fields of learning, training, and teaching; and music learning demands a great deal of both practice and mentoring. Initially, music teachers and band directors must maintain a steady attention and devote a significant amount of time to manually teaching materials. This …


Complex Interactions Between Multiple Goal Operations In Agent Goal Management, Sravya Kondrakunta Jan 2021

Complex Interactions Between Multiple Goal Operations In Agent Goal Management, Sravya Kondrakunta

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A significant issue in cognitive systems research is to make an agent formulate and manage its own goals. Some cognitive scientists have implemented several goal operations to support this issue, but no one has implemented more than a couple of goal operations within a single agent. One of the reasons for this limitation is the lack of knowledge about how various goals operations interact with one another. This thesis addresses this knowledge gap by implementing multiple-goal operations, including goal formulation, goal change, goal selection, and designing an algorithm to manage any positive or negative interaction between them. These are integrated …


A Deep Understanding Of Structural And Functional Behavior Of Tabular And Graphical Modules In Technical Documents, Michail Alexiou Jan 2021

A Deep Understanding Of Structural And Functional Behavior Of Tabular And Graphical Modules In Technical Documents, Michail Alexiou

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The rapid increase of published research papers in recent years has escalated the need for automated ways to process and understand them. The successful recognition of the information that is contained in technical documents, depends on the understanding of the document’s individual modalities. These modalities include tables, graphics, diagrams and etc. as defined in Bourbakis’ pioneering work. However, the depth of understanding is correlated to the efficiency of detection and recognition. In this work, a novel methodology is proposed for automatic processing of and understanding of tables and graphics images in technical document. Previous attempts on tables and graphics understanding …


Complex Interactions Between Multiple Goal Operations In Agent Goal Management, Sravya Kondrakunta Jan 2021

Complex Interactions Between Multiple Goal Operations In Agent Goal Management, Sravya Kondrakunta

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

A significant issue in cognitive systems research is to make an agent formulate and manage its own goals. Some cognitive scientists have implemented several goal operations to support this issue, but no one has implemented more than a couple of goal operations within a single agent. One of the reasons for this limitation is the lack of knowledge about how various goals operations interact with one another. This thesis addresses this knowledge gap by implementing multiple-goal operations, including goal formulation, goal change, goal selection, and designing an algorithm to manage any positive or negative interaction between them. These are integrated …


Adaptive Two-Stage Edge-Centric Architecture For Deeply-Learned Embedded Real-Time Target Classification In Aerospace Sense-And-Avoidance Applications, Nicholas A. Speranza Jan 2021

Adaptive Two-Stage Edge-Centric Architecture For Deeply-Learned Embedded Real-Time Target Classification In Aerospace Sense-And-Avoidance Applications, Nicholas A. Speranza

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With the growing number of Unmanned Aircraft Systems, current network-centric architectures present limitations in meeting real-time and time-critical requirements. Current methods utilizing centralized off-platform processing have inherent energy inefficiencies, scalability challenges, performance concerns, and cyber vulnerabilities. In this dissertation, an adaptive, two-stage, energy-efficient, edge-centric architecture is proposed to address these limitations. A novel, edge-centric Sense-and-Avoidance architecture framework is presented, and a corresponding prototype is developed using commercial hardware to validate the proposed architecture. Instead of a network-centric approach, processing is distributed at the logical edge of the sensors, and organized as Detection and Classification Subsystems. Classical machine vision algorithms are …


An Analysis Of C/C++ Datasets For Machine Learning-Assisted Software Vulnerability Detection, Daniel Grahn, Junjie Zhang Jan 2021

An Analysis Of C/C++ Datasets For Machine Learning-Assisted Software Vulnerability Detection, Daniel Grahn, Junjie Zhang

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

As machine learning-assisted vulnerability detection research matures, it is critical to understand the datasets being used by existing papers. In this paper, we explore 7 C/C++ datasets and evaluate their suitability for machine learning-assisted vulnerability detection. We also present a new dataset, named Wild C, containing over 10.3 million individual opensource C/C++ files – a sufficiently large sample to be reasonably considered representative of typical C/C++ code. To facilitate comparison, we tokenize all of the datasets and perform the analysis at this level. We make three primary contributions. First, while all the datasets differ from our Wild C dataset, some …


Recommending Collaborations Using Link Prediction, Nikhil Chennupati Jan 2021

Recommending Collaborations Using Link Prediction, Nikhil Chennupati

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Link prediction in the domain of scientific collaborative networks refers to exploring and determining whether a connection between two entities in an academic network may emerge in the future. This study aims to analyze the relevance of academic collaborations and identify the factors that drive co-author relationships in a heterogeneous bibliographic network. Using topological, semantic, and graph representation learning techniques, we measure the authors' similarities w.r.t their structural and publication data to identify the reasons that promote co-authorships. Experimental results show that the proposed approach successfully infer the co-author links by identifying authors with similar research interests. Such a system …


Augmented Reality Headset Facilitates Exposure For Surgical Stabilization Of Rib Fractures, T. Sensing, Pratik Parikh, Claire Hardman, Thomas Wischgoll, Sadan Suneesh Menon Jan 2021

Augmented Reality Headset Facilitates Exposure For Surgical Stabilization Of Rib Fractures, T. Sensing, Pratik Parikh, Claire Hardman, Thomas Wischgoll, Sadan Suneesh Menon

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Recent advances in augmented reality (AR) technology have made it more accessible, portable, and powerful. AR headsets differentiate themselves from virtual reality in that they allow the wearer an unobstructed view of the “real world” but with an image superimposed upon it. The technology has many potential applications in medicine, including surgical planning, simulation, and medical education. The aim of this project was to provide proof of concept that using an AR headset during surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) is feasible. We theorized that the use of AR could allow for more precise localization of fractures, allowing for smaller …


Diverse Data! Diverse Schemata?, Krzysztof Janowicz, Cogan Shimizu, Pascal Hitzler, Gengchen Mai, Shirly Stephen, Rui Zhu, Ling Cai, Lu Zhou, Mark Schildhauer, Zilong Liu, Zhangyu Wang, Meilin Shi Jan 2021

Diverse Data! Diverse Schemata?, Krzysztof Janowicz, Cogan Shimizu, Pascal Hitzler, Gengchen Mai, Shirly Stephen, Rui Zhu, Ling Cai, Lu Zhou, Mark Schildhauer, Zilong Liu, Zhangyu Wang, Meilin Shi

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

One of the key value propositions for knowledge graphs and semantic web technologies is fostering semantic interoperability, i.e., integrating data across different themes and domains. But why do we aim at interoperability in the first place? A common answer to this question is that each individual data source only contains partial information about some phenomenon of interest. Consequently, combining multiple diverse datasets provides a more holistic perspective and enables us to answer more complex questions, e.g., those that span between the physical sciences and the social sciences. Interestingly, while these arguments are well established and go by different names, e.g., …


Toward Undifferentiated Cognitive Models, Colin Kupitz, Aaron Eberhart, Daniel Schmidt, Christopher Stevens, Cogan Shimizu, Pascal Hitzler, Dario D. Salvucci, Benji Maruyama, Christopher W. Myers Jan 2021

Toward Undifferentiated Cognitive Models, Colin Kupitz, Aaron Eberhart, Daniel Schmidt, Christopher Stevens, Cogan Shimizu, Pascal Hitzler, Dario D. Salvucci, Benji Maruyama, Christopher W. Myers

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Autonomous systems are a new frontier for pushing sociotechnical advancement. Such systems will eventually become pervasive, involved in everything from manufacturing, healthcare, defense, and even research itself. However, proliferation is stifled by the high development costs and the resulting inflexibility of the produced systems. The current time needed to create and integrate state of the art autonomous systems that operate as team members in complex situations is a 3-15 year development period, often requiring humans to adapt to limitations in the resulting systems. A new research thrust in interactive task learning (ITL: Laird et al., 2017) has begun, calling for …


Automatically Generating Human Readable Documentation For Ontology Design Patterns, Cogan Shimizu, Pascal Hitzler Jan 2021

Automatically Generating Human Readable Documentation For Ontology Design Patterns, Cogan Shimizu, Pascal Hitzler

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Keeping documentation consistent across deliverables is frequently a hassle. This program is a method for extracting and utilizing the common documentation annotations and those more specific to ontology design patterns from OWL files and rendering via LaTeX to provide a human readable, shareable PDF.


A Pattern For Modeling Causal Relations Between Events, Cogan Shimizu, Rui Zhu, Gengchen Mai, Mark Schildhauer, Krzysztof Janowicz, Pascal Hitzler Jan 2021

A Pattern For Modeling Causal Relations Between Events, Cogan Shimizu, Rui Zhu, Gengchen Mai, Mark Schildhauer, Krzysztof Janowicz, Pascal Hitzler

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Space and time are useful nexuses for integrating data. For instance, events affect the places in which they occur and the people that participate in them. By capturing the effects that they may have on a place, coupled with authoritative sources on possible causality between types of events, we can model causal relations between events. In this paper we present an ontology design pattern for modeling the causal relations between events, discuss the primary conceptual components, how they may be instantiated, and present overarching examples related to the domain of disaster risk management.


Analysis Of Classifier Weaknesses Based On Patterns And Corrective Methods, Nicholas Skapura Jan 2021

Analysis Of Classifier Weaknesses Based On Patterns And Corrective Methods, Nicholas Skapura

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Classification is an important branch of machine learning that impacts many areas of modern life. Many classification algorithms (classifiers for short) have been developed. They have highly different levels of sophistication and classification accuracy. Classification problems often have highly different levels of hardness and complexity. Practitioners of classification modeling need better understanding of those algorithms in order to select the optimal algorithm for given classification problems. Researchers of classification need new insight on how given classifiers are weak and how they can be improved by correcting their classification errors. This dissertation introduces new tools and concepts to analyze classifier weakness …


Pain Intensity Assessment In Sickle Cell Disease Patients Using Vital Signs During Hospital Visits, Swati Padhee, Amanuel Alambo, Tanvi Banerjee, Arvind Subramaniam, Daniel M. Abrams, Gary K. Nave, Nirmish Shah Jan 2021

Pain Intensity Assessment In Sickle Cell Disease Patients Using Vital Signs During Hospital Visits, Swati Padhee, Amanuel Alambo, Tanvi Banerjee, Arvind Subramaniam, Daniel M. Abrams, Gary K. Nave, Nirmish Shah

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Pain in sickle cell disease (SCD) is often associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and high healthcare costs. The standard method for predicting the absence, presence, and intensity of pain has long been self-report. However, medical providers struggle to manage patients based on subjective pain reports correctly and pain medications often lead to further difficulties in patient communication as they may cause sedation and sleepiness. Recent studies have shown that objective physiological measures can predict subjective self-reported pain scores for inpatient visits using machine learning (ML) techniques. In this study, we evaluate the generalizability of ML techniques to data collected from …


Ink Browser-The Interactive Knowledge Browser, Joseph Zalewski, Lu Zhou, Cogan Shimizu, Pascal Hitzler Jan 2021

Ink Browser-The Interactive Knowledge Browser, Joseph Zalewski, Lu Zhou, Cogan Shimizu, Pascal Hitzler

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

We present an improved implementation of the Interactive Knowledge Browser (InK Browser), a tool for exploring knowledge graphs visually, using a schema diagram.


Aligning Patterns To The Wikibase Model, Andrew Eells, Cogan Shimizu, Lu Zhou, Pascal Hitzler, Seila Gonzalez, Dean Rehberger Jan 2021

Aligning Patterns To The Wikibase Model, Andrew Eells, Cogan Shimizu, Lu Zhou, Pascal Hitzler, Seila Gonzalez, Dean Rehberger

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

When developing a knowledge graph, it is important to promote its (re)usability, accessibility, and persistence. One way of accomplishing (re)usability is through the principled use (i.e., using a structured development methodology) of a schema that describes and documents the relations between concepts in the knowledge graph. With respect to accessibility and persistence, one can consider exposing a SPARQL endpoint and allowing interested parties to query against it. While this is a very exible approach, it makes it difficult to explore the data. On the other hand, one could consider exposing data through a framework such as Wikibase. In this paper, …


Edge Processing Of Image For Uas Sense And Avoidance, Christopher J. Rave Jan 2021

Edge Processing Of Image For Uas Sense And Avoidance, Christopher J. Rave

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Today there is a large market for Unmanned Aerial Systems. Although most current systems are remotely piloted by operators on the ground, increasingly, many of these systems will use some sort of automatic flight controller to help mitigate new challenges, due to their deployment at growing scale. These challenges include, but are not limited to, shortage of FAA-certified UAS pilots, transmission bandwidth and delay constraints and cyber security threats associated with wireless networking, profitability of operations constrained by energy capacity and efficiency and air dynamics planning, and etc. In order to address these rising challenges, this thesis is a part …


Arise - Augmented Reality In Surgery And Education, Sadan Suneesh Menon Jan 2021

Arise - Augmented Reality In Surgery And Education, Sadan Suneesh Menon

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Human errors in healthcare can be fatal. Proper physical assessment of patients to avoid such errors is of paramount importance. Incorrect or insufficient assessment of the patient can cause treatment delays that may lead to negative outcomes. In this dissertation we introduce innovative technology to assist surgeons in patient assessment as well as during the training of nurses in order to enhance learning. Technological advancements have made it possible to visualize overlays of computer-generated 3D models on real-world surfaces. This technology is called augmented reality. Using Steady State Topography (SST) brain imaging to examine the brain activity of people who …


Leveraging Sequential Nature Of Conversations For Intent Classification, Shree Gotteti Jan 2021

Leveraging Sequential Nature Of Conversations For Intent Classification, Shree Gotteti

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Conversations are more than just a sequence of text, it is where two or more participants interact in order to achieve their goals. Conversation Understanding (CU) requires all participants to understand each others intent. In the past decade, CU has been extended from automated human-human text processing to build automated conversational agents for human-machine interactions. Despite their popularity, these automated conversational agents (like Siri, Alexa, etc) can't handle more than one or two utterances, and they don't recognize conversations as intents. The development of approaches that extract intents behind an utterance is essential for the advancements of Question Answering (QA) …


Sample Mislabeling Detection And Correction In Bioinformatics Experimental Data, Soon Jye Kho Jan 2021

Sample Mislabeling Detection And Correction In Bioinformatics Experimental Data, Soon Jye Kho

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Sample mislabeling or incorrect annotation has been a long-standing problem in biomedical research and contributes to irreproducible results and invalid conclusions. These problems are especially prevalent in multi-omics studies in which a large set of biological samples are characterized by multiple types of omics platforms at different times or different labs. While multi-omics studies have demonstrated tremendous value in understanding disease biology and improving patient outcomes, the complexity of these studies may increase opportunities for human error. Fortunately, the interrelated nature of the data collected in multi-omics studies can be exploited to facilitate the identification and, in some cases, correction …


A Rebellion Framework With Learning For Goal-Driven Autonomy, Zahiduddin Mohammad Jan 2021

A Rebellion Framework With Learning For Goal-Driven Autonomy, Zahiduddin Mohammad

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Modeling an autonomous agent that decides for itself what actions to take to achieve its goals is a central objective of artificial intelligence. There are various approaches used to build autonomous agents including neural networks, state machines, utility functions, learning agents, and cognitive architectures. In this thesis, we focus on cognitive architectures. Our approach uses specific knowledge of the world, the goals they pursue, and the actions being performed. Most agents do what they are told (i.e., achieve the goals given to them by a human), but a genuinely autonomous agent does more. It can formulate its own goal or …


Partial Facial Re-Imaging Using Generative Adversarial Networks, Derek Desentz Jan 2021

Partial Facial Re-Imaging Using Generative Adversarial Networks, Derek Desentz

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Existing facial recognition software relies heavily on using neural networks to extract key facial features to accurately classify known individuals. Some of these key features include the shape, size, and distance between an individual’s eyes, nose, and mouth. When these key features cannot be extracted due to facial coverings, existing applications become inaccurate and unreliable. The accuracy and reliability of these technologies are growing concerns as the facial recognition market continues to grow at an exponential rate. In this thesis, we have developed a web-based application service that is able to take in a partially covered face image and generate …


Structural Analysis And Link Prediction Algorithm Comparison For A Local Scientific Collaboration Network, Denys Guriev Jan 2021

Structural Analysis And Link Prediction Algorithm Comparison For A Local Scientific Collaboration Network, Denys Guriev

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Scientific collaboration between researchers is very common and much influential and ground-breaking research is performed by teams comprised of scientist from different fields and organizations. In this thesis, we analyze and model a small scientific collaboration network limited to two organizations: Wright State University and the Air Force Research Laboratory. Research paper co-authorship is used for establishing the network structure. We analyze several network properties and compare them to past results from analysis of larger and more diverse collaboration networks. We show that the two-organization network we explored exhibits properties similar to those of larger networks. Guided by advances in …


Computational Simulation And Analysis Of Neuroplasticity, Madison E. Yancey Jan 2021

Computational Simulation And Analysis Of Neuroplasticity, Madison E. Yancey

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Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is the process by which neurons alter their activity in response to changes in network activity. Neuroscientists attempting to understand homeostatic synaptic plasticity have developed three different mathematical methods to analyze collections of event recordings from neurons acting as a proxy for neuronal activity. These collections of events are from control data and treatment data, referring to the treatment of neuron cultures with pharmacological agents that augment or inhibit network activity. If the distribution of control events can be functionally mapped to the distribution of treatment events, a better understanding of the biological processes underlying homeostatic synaptic …


Deep Learning For Compressive Sar Imaging With Train-Test Discrepancy, Morgan R. Mccamey Jan 2021

Deep Learning For Compressive Sar Imaging With Train-Test Discrepancy, Morgan R. Mccamey

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We consider the problem of compressive synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging with the goal of reconstructing SAR imagery in the presence of under sampled phase history. While this problem is typically considered in compressive sensing (CS) literature, we consider a variety of deep learning approaches where a deep neural network (DNN) is trained to form SAR imagery from limited data. At the cost of computationally intensive offline training, on-line test-time DNN-SAR has demonstrated orders of magnitude faster reconstruction than standard CS algorithms. A limitation of the DNN approach is that any change to the operating conditions necessitates a costly retraining …